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ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION –
DISEASE-ASSOCIATED
MECHANISMS AND NOVEL
INSIGHTS INTO THERAPY
Edited by Kenia Pedrosa Nunes
Erectile Dysfunction –
Disease-Associated Mechanisms and Novel Insights into Therapy
Edited by Kenia Pedrosa
Nunes
Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
Copyright © 2012 InTech
All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0
license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for
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credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications.
Notice
Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors
and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the
accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no
responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any
materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book.
Publishing Process Manager Romana Vukelic
Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic
Cover Designer InTech Design Team
First published February, 2012
Printed in Croatia
A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org
Erectile Dysfunction – Disease-Associated Mechanisms and Novel Insights into Therapy,
Edited by Kenia Pedrosa
Nunes
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0199-4
Contents
Preface IX
Part 1 An Introduction of ED 1
Chapter 1 Mechanisms in Erectile Function and Dysfunction:
An Overview 3
Kenia Pedrosa Nunes and R. Clinton Webb
Chapter 2 Erectile Dysfunction Etiological Factors 23
Rafaela Rosalba de Mendonça, Fernando Korkes
and João Paulo Zambon
Chapter 3 Erectile Dysfunction and Quality of Life 35
Quek Kia Fatt
Part 2 Diseases-Associated ED 47
Chapter 4 The Role Erectile Dysfunction Plays
in Cardiovascular Diseases 49
Sandra Crestani, Kenia Pedrosa Nunes,
Maria Consuelo Andrade Marques, José Eduardo
Da Silva Santos and R. Clinton Webb
Chapter 5 Erectile Dysfunction:
A Chronic Complication of the Diabetes Mellitus 69
Eulises Díaz-Díaz, Mario Cárdenas León, Nesty Olivares Arzuaga,
Carlos M. Timossi, Rita Angélica Gómez Díaz,
Carlos Aguilar Salinas
and Fernando Larrea
Chapter 6 Premature Ejaculation Re-Visited:
Definition and Contemporary Management Approaches 97
Tariq F. Al-Shaiji
Chapter 7 Erectile Dysfunction in Paraplegic Males 127
Charalampos Konstantinidis
VI Contents
Part 3 ED Treatment Options and Perspectives 143
Chapter 8 Current Perspectives on Pharmacotherapy
Treatments for Erectile Dysfunction 145
Jason E. Davis, Kenia Pedrosa Nunes,
Inger Stallmann-Jorgensen and R. Clinton Webb
Chapter 9 Surgical Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction 161
Faruk Kucukdurmaz and Ates Kadioglu
Chapter 10 Gene and Stem Cell Therapy in Erectile Dysfunction 185
Trevor Hardigan, R. Clinton Webb and Kenia Pedrosa Nunes
Chapter 11 The Assessment of Atherosclerosis in Erectile
Dysfunction Subjects Using Photoplethysmography 195
Yousef Kamel Qawqzeh, Mamun Ibne Reaz
and Mohd Aluadin Mohd Ali
Preface
I am delighted to bring you the Erectile Dysfunction (ED) book. Organizing this book
was an enlightening experience and an amazing adventure in science. Considering the
breadth and depth of information available in the continuously expanding field of ED,
this book provides information ranging from the basic mechanism of erectile function
and dysfunction to updates regarding most discussed topics in ED nowadays, such as
association between ED and cardiovascular diseases. Although ED disorder has been
described for more than 1,000 years, the molecular basis and mechanisms of ED have
yet to be completely understood. Over the last four decades, elucidation of the
macroscopic structures of the erectile system ushered in a new era of therapeutic
options for erectile disorders. Later, new insights into erectile neurotransmission,
essentially the nitric oxide (NO) pathway, resulted in rational alternatives as a
treatment. Nowadays, advances in gene discovery and intensive research regarding
different mechanisms that could lead to ED have increased the working knowledge of
the pathways involved in this condition. However, many questions still need to be
elucidated.
This book contains chapters written by widely acknowledged experts, each of which
provides a unique synthesis of information on emergent aspects of ED. All chapters
take into account not only new perspectives on ED but also recent extensions of basic
knowledge that presage directions for further research. The approach in this book has
been to not only describe the recent popular aspects of ED, such as basic mechanism
updates, etiologic factors and pharmacotherapy, but also disease-associated ED and
some future perspectives in this field.
ED is a widespread problem affecting many men across all age groups and it is more
than a serious quality of life problem for sexually active men. The prevalence of ED is
very high and is expected to rise considerably over the next 25 years, affecting more than
300 million men by 2025. ED is a multifactorial pathology and has recently been
observed as a condition that may predict cardiovascular disease, making the knowledge
in this area extremely important to prevent future diseases. Finally, to you, our readers,
even though this book is a small overview of ED field, I hope that it provides enough
useful and updated information that you will consider joining us in studying this
condition. In addition, for readers who are not physicians, I wish that basic information
as well as a scientific overview about research in ED can be acquired from this work.
X Preface
I would like to thank Dr R. Clinton Webb, Professor and Chairperson of the
Physiology Department at Georgia Health Sciences University, for his help and advice
in the preparation of this edition. Many thanks are also due to Dr Maria Elena De Lima
and Dr Romulo Leite for introducing me to the scientific research world. Special
thanks to my co-workers, as well as to my parents, Feliciano (in memoriam) and
Conceição, who have always been behind the scenes supporting me. It would not be
fitting for me to conclude this preface without a major acknowledgment to my beloved
husband, Russell Bruhn. My husband’s journalistic experience in reading and revising
many parts of this book was an indispensable aid in accomplishing this work.
As it is inevitable when preparing a text, in addition to my own experience, I have
called upon the help and advice of many others as I have in ten years or since I started
research in this field. Thus, I’m deeply grateful to all the people who made this book
possible.
Comments on this edition will be welcome.
Kenia Pedrosa Nunes
Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia
USA
. ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION –
DISEASE-ASSOCIATED
MECHANISMS AND NOVEL
INSIGHTS INTO THERAPY
Edited by Kenia Pedrosa Nunes
Erectile Dysfunction. orders@intechweb.org
Erectile Dysfunction – Disease-Associated Mechanisms and Novel Insights into Therapy,
Edited by Kenia Pedrosa
Nunes
p. cm.
ISBN
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