ADVANCED TOPICS IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Edited by Ken-Shiung Chen Advanced Topics in Neurological Disorders Edited by Ken-Shiung Chen Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Martina Durovic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published March, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Advanced Topics in Neurological Disorders, Edited by Ken-Shiung Chen p. cm. 978-953-51-0303-5 Contents Preface IX Part 1 Bioengineering in Neurological Disorders 1 Chapter 1 Image Analysis for Automatically-Driven Bionic Eye 3 F. Robert-Inacio, E. Kussener, G. Oudinet and G. Durandau Chapter 2 Methods of Measurement and Evaluation of Eye, Head and Shoulders Position in Neurological Practice 25 Patrik Kutilek, Jiri Hozman, Rudolf Cerny and Jan Hejda Chapter 3 Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Treat Brain Injury 45 Ciara C. Tate and Casey C. Case Chapter 4 Development of Foamy Virus Vectors for Gene Therapy for Neurological Disorders and Other Diseases 79 Yingying Zhang, Guoguo Zhu, Yu Huang, Xiaohua He and Wanhong Liu Chapter 5 Real-Time Analysis of Intracranial Pressure Waveform Morphology 99 Fabien Scalzo, Robert Hamilton and Xiao Hu Part 2 Proteomic Analysis in Neurological Disorders 127 Chapter 6 Developing Novel Methods for Protein Analysis and Their Potential Implementation in Diagnosing Neurological Diseases 129 Olgica Trenchevska, Vasko Aleksovski, Dobrin Nedelkov and Kiro Stojanoski Chapter 7 Angelman Syndrome: Proteomics Analysis of an UBE3A Knockout Mouse and Its Implications 159 Low Hai Loon, Chi-Fung Jennifer Chen, Chi-Chen Kevin Chen, Tew Wai Loon, Hew Choy Sin and Ken-Shiung Chen VI Contents Part 3 Migraine and the Use of Herbal Medicine as an Alternative Treatment 185 Chapter 8 Migraine: Molecular Basis and Herbal Medicine 187 Mohammad Ansari, Kheirollah Rafiee, Solaleh Emamgholipour and Mohammad-Sadegh Fallah Part 4 Neuropsychiatry of Drug and Alcohol Dependence 215 Chapter 9 Substance Dependence as a Neurological Disorder 217 William Meil, David LaPorte and Peter Stewart Preface The study of our brain and associated neurological disorders represent one of the most fascinating frontiers in the biomedical sciences. Recent research studies using multidisciplinary approaches not only provide a molecular understanding of disease mechanisms but also suggest novel tools for therapeutic interventions. Advanced Topics in Neurological Disorders presents reports on a wide range of areas in the field of neurological disorders, including bioengineering, stem cell transplantation, gene therapy, proteomic analysis, and alternative treatments to neuropsychiatry illnesses. Chapter 1 presents a review of the history of the bionic eye and provides an update on the current state and future prospects of the field. Chapter 2 describes an accurate method for the simultaneous evaluation of the eye, head and shoulder positions in neurological practice. Possible applications and perspectives for clinical practice are also described in the chapter. Chapter 3 provides a review for the clinical application of using mesenchymal stem cells to treat brain injury. Ongoing clinical trials, issues of delivery timing, route and donor source, dosage and mechanisms of action underlying beneficial effects are discussed. Chapter 4 provides a review for the use of foamy virus vector as a carrier to deliver therapeutic genes for neurological disorders and other diseases. Chapter 5 presents a review of existing methods to extract the morphology of intracranial pressure (ICP). A novel probabilistic framework to track the ICP morphology in real time is introduced and a successful study for the real-time prediction of ICP hypertension is described. Chapter 6 introduces methods for protein analysis and profiling techniques in clinical practice, and further discusses the application of new methods for cerebrospinal fluid analysis as a primary biological media for the study of neurological diseases. Chapter 7 describes the use of a proteomic approach to study the Angelman syndrome (AS) mouse model. The results indicate that proteins involved in neuronal cell differentiation, learning processes, energy production, actin disassembly and neuronal signal transduction are affected in AS. Chapter 8 discusses the molecular basis, metabolites, biomarkers, triggers and polymorphisms associated with migraines. This chapter further discusses the pharmacotherapy for migraines and the effects of herbal medicine in migraine treatments. Chapter 9 argues that substance dependence should be considered a brain disease associated with cellular and neurocircuitry dysfunction. This review compares the relationship between anatomical and functional changes in the prefrontal cortex, executive abilities, and substance dependence by describing this relationship across multiple classes of drugs and polysubstance dependence. X Preface I would like to sincerely thank all the authors who contributed to this book. In preparing this book, we have included information from a wide range of fields involved in neurological research that not only provides researchers, clinicians and graduate students with insight on the most recent advances in neurological research but also highlights the importance of applying multidisciplinary approaches to the study of neurological disorders. Ken-Shiung Chen Ph.D. Associate Professor Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, Singapore . ADVANCED TOPICS IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Edited by Ken-Shiung Chen Advanced Topics in Neurological Disorders Edited by Ken-Shiung. Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Advanced Topics in Neurological Disorders, Edited by Ken-Shiung Chen p. cm. 978-953-51-0303-5