 Members of our Group: Nguyen Hong Nhu Tran Thi Minh Xuan Nguyen Thi Mai Lan Vuong Thi Tuyet Chapter 8: Presented by: Nguyen Hong Nhu To make the conversation run smoothly, there are some aspects to be considered i.e. • Conversation analysis • Pauses, overlaps and back channels • Conversational style • Adjacency pairs • Preference structure • Floor • Turn • Turn-taking • Local management system • Transition Relevance Place Floor: the right to speak Turn: having control of the right to speak. It is seen as everything one speaker says before another begins to speak Ex: Speaker 1: Can you help me? (turn 1) Speaker 2: Sure. (turn 2) A$ turn $is the essential factor within turn taking, which is attached to a speaker. Each speaker takes$ turns$ within conversation Turn-taking: attempt to take control of the right to speak. - a cyclical process - two central aspects: + Frequency: the amount of turn taking within a conversation + Control of contribution: the amount of control a person has over what to say and how much to say. Speakers having the conversation are supposed to change turn smoothly because they are aware of the local management system for taking those turns at an appropriate TRP. Local management system: A set of conventions for getting turns, keeping them, or giving them away. TRP – A Transition Relevance Place Any possible change – of – turn point. - speakers having a conversation = taking turns at holding the floor - speakers may cooperate and share the floor equally - speakers may compete for keeping the floor, preventing others from getting it Cauon:  II. Pauses, overlaps, and backchannels Pauses: a break in speaking; a moment of silence - playing an important role in conversation - giving the impression that you are carefully weighing your words before you speak