MEDICAL IMAGING IN CLINICAL PRACTICE Edited by Okechukwu Felix Erondu Medical Imaging in Clinical Practice http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/45925 Edited by Okechukwu Felix Erondu Contributors Zongjin Li, Mojtaba Salouti, Akram Fazli, Marco Antonio Gutierrez, Francesco Alessandrino, Alfredo La Fianza, Giorgia Ricci, Esmeralda Eshja, Francesco Alfano, Carolina Della Fiore, Chiara Cassani, Carlos Costa, Frederico Valente, Augusto Silva, Patricia Carreño Moran, Julian Breeze, Michael Rees, Sonia Marta Moriguchi, Paulo Henrique Alves Togni, Katia Hiromoto Koga, Marcelo Santos, Tsuicheng D. Chiu, Takuya Osada, Laurence B Lovat, Rehan Haidry, Martín Gallegos- Duarte, Okechukwu Felix Erondu, Begona Garcia Zapirain, Maria Viqueira, Amaia Mendez Zorrilla Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2013 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Danijela Duric Technical Editor InTech DTP team Cover InTech Design team First published February, 2013 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com Medical Imaging in Clinical Practice, Edited by Okechukwu Felix Erondu p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0986-0 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Contents Preface VII Section 1 General Perspectives in Medical Imaging 1 Chapter 1 Content Based Retrieval Systems in a Clinical Context 3 Frederico Valente, Carlos Costa and Augusto Silva Chapter 2 Challenges and Peculiarities of Paediatric Imaging 23 Okechukwu Felix Erondu Chapter 3 Clinical Applications of Nuclear Medicine 37 Sonia Marta Moriguchi, Kátia Hiromoto Koga, Paulo Henrique Alves Togni and Marcelo José dos Santos Chapter 4 Current Perspectives on Molecular Imaging for Tracking Stem Cell Therapy 63 Lingling Tong, Hui Zhao, Zuoxiang He and Zongjin Li Section 2 Innovations in Medical Imaging Techniques 81 Chapter 5 Spin Average Supercompound Ultrasonography 83 Tsuicheng D. Chiu, Sonia Contreras and Martin Fox Chapter 6 Ocular Movement and Cardiac Rhythm Control using EEG Techniques 113 María Viqueira, Begoña García Zapirain and Amaia Mendez Zorrilla Chapter 7 Novel Imaging Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract 137 Rehan Haidry and Laurence Lovat Chapter 8 Vocal Folds Stroboscopic Image Processing for Otolaryngology 175 A. Méndez Zorrilla and B. García Zapirain Chapter 9 Infectious Foci Imaging with Targeting Radiopharmaceuticals in Nuclear Medicine 193 Mojtaba Salouti and Akram Fazli Section 3 Specific Clinical Applications 231 Chapter 10 Quantitative Assessment of Peripheral Arteries in Ultrasound Images 233 Marco Antonio Gutierrez, Maurício Higa, Paulo Eduardo Pilon, Marina de Sá Rebelo and Silvia Gelás Lage Chapter 11 The Top Ten Cases in Cardiac MRI and the Most Important Differential Diagnoses 253 Patricia Carreño-Morán, Julian Breeze and Michael R. Rees Chapter 12 Determination for the Comprehensive Arterial Inflows in the Lower Abdomen Assessed by Doppler Ultrasound: Methodology, Physiological Validity and Perspective 283 Takuya Osada Chapter 13 Plasticity of the Visual Pathway and Neuroimaging 307 M. Gallegos-Duarte, S. Moguel-Ancheita, J.D. Mendiola- Santibañez, V. Morales-Tlalpan and C. Saldaña Chapter 14 Differential Diagnosis for Female Pelvic Masses 327 Francesco Alessandrino, Carolina Dellafiore, Esmeralda Eshja, Francesco Alfano, Giorgia Ricci, Chiara Cassani and Alfredo La Fianza ContentsVI Preface Everyday, millions of medical images are produced worldwide, to aid diagnosis and treat‐ ment of patients. A typical patient’s diagnostic work-up is often incomplete without a medi‐ cal imaging technique. The various techniques for achieving this have continued to evolve, from the basics through the sophisticated and now to the abstract. The concept of Medical imaging has therefore continued to widen, from the conventional like X-rays, ultrasound, CT, PET CT, MRI and nuclear Scintigraphy, to include various other recording and meas‐ urement techniques which may be documented by mapping or graphs. This new book on ‘Medical Imaging in Clinical practice’ is another bold attempt to highlight the various research efforts and adaptations of newer and emerging techniques in the ever increasing world of medical Imaging. It seeks to explore the clinical applications of these newer techniques, while drawing parallels with the more conventional methods. It is by no means exhaustive, but achieves the overall purpose of widening the scope of knowledge and the readers’ perception of the amazing world of medical Imaging. I am sure, that most readers will not only be impressed, but encouraged to explore this ever evolving specialty of Medical Imaging and the bright hopes it offers in the future of clini‐ cal practice. Dr. Okechukwu Felix Erondu University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria Section 1 General Perspectives in Medical Imaging [...]... Retrieval Systems in a Clinical Context http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/53027 data is to be stored, retrieved, and transmitted thus enabling communication between devi‐ ces manufactured by distinct entities within a PACS Figure 1 Outline of a PACS infrastructure comprising the most common components in an imaging institution Figure 2 Evolution of PACS research and current trends 5 6 Medical Imaging in Clinical Practice... concertated and multi-disciplinary approach We now point out some challenges that arise from both the general topic of CBIR and its integration with the medical imaging infrastructures 17 18 Medical Imaging in Clinical Practice • PACS and DICOM integration We proposed an approach that complements a PACS by externalizing the CBIR and interacting through the DICOM protocol However, in this ap‐ proach, third... General Guidelines for Paediatric Imaging Departments The standard protocols should be adopted as a general rule: 1 There must be a clinical justification for any imaging procedure 2 The clinical benefits should outweigh any potential risk 3 When possible, children should not be examined with facilities dedicated to adults 25 26 Medical Imaging in Clinical Practice 4 The protocols for each investigation... only present in research systems • Query by sketch – Instead of using an image as source for a query, the user draws some‐ thing alike what interests him This methodology has been used to search for works of art in museums and images in the internet, but we know of no use-case in a clinical context 3 Other, more complex types of query can be expressed over these 7 8 Medical Imaging in Clinical Practice... Biomedicine 2007; 11(1) [26] Greenspan H, Pinhas A Medical image categorization and retrieval for PACS using the GMM-KL framework IEEE Transaction in Information Technologies in Biomedi‐ cine 2007; 11(2) 21 22 Medical Imaging in Clinical Practice [27] Lim J, Chevallet J Vismed: A visual vocabulary approach for medical image index‐ ing and retrieval In Second Asia Information Retrieval Symposium; 2005; Jeju... forImageCLEF 2005 in Accessing Multilingual Information Repositories In Accessing Multilingual Information Repo‐ sitories.: Springer p 724-732 [29] Petrakis E, Faloutsos C, Lin K ImageMap: an image indexing method based on spa‐ tial similarity IEEE Transactions in Knowledge Data Engineering 2002; 15(5) [30] Amores J, Radeva P Registration and retrieval of highly elastic bodies using contex‐ tual information... reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited 24 Medical Imaging in Clinical Practice 2 Service Delivery 2.1 Lack of Specialist Training Inspite of the vulnerability of this category of patients and obvious need for specialized di‐ agnostic services, there are few training centers or programs dedicated to Paediatric imag‐ ing In Nigeria, there is no specialist training for would... similarity Furthermore a user may have in mind a very specific type of similarity or criteria he is interested in For instance, in a radiology setting, a practitioner may wish to place more emphasis in finding mammographs sharing a certain disposition of micro-calcifications rather than those containing the same tissue type or having a similar breast size Combining multiple representation models can... combining it with the extracted data has the potential to further improve clinical CBIR A further step forward will be to move from single image analysis and retrieval and merge information from the multitudes of sources that may be present in a DICOM study Com‐ bining this information is not trivial due to missing information, the heterogenetic nature of the data and the problems involved in relating... those in adults, di‐ agnostic imaging of these category of patients can both be interesting and challenging Paediatric imaging therefore requires specific training and certification that gua rantees ap‐ plication of thorough knowledge, expertise and a variety of dedicated or adaptable equip‐ ment This is hardly the case in many countries; where there may not be sub specialty training in paediatric imaging . MEDICAL IMAGING IN CLINICAL PRACTICE Edited by Okechukwu Felix Erondu Medical Imaging in Clinical Practice http://dx.doi.org /10 .5772/45925 Edited. Molecular Imaging for Tracking Stem Cell Therapy 63 Lingling Tong, Hui Zhao, Zuoxiang He and Zongjin Li Section 2 Innovations in Medical Imaging Techniques 81 Chapter