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APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS potx

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APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS Edited by Bhuiyan Monwar Alam Application of Geographic Information Systems http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/1944 Edited by Bhuiyan Monwar Alam Contributors Rodrigo Nobrega, Colin Brooks, Charles O’Hara, Bethany Stich, Enguerran Grandchamp, Darka Mioc, François Anton, Christopher M. Gold, Bernard Moulin, Jung-Sup Um, Süleyman İncekara, Marek Kachnic, Barbara Goličnik Marušić, Damjan Marušić, Xinshen Diao, Liangzhi You, Vida Alpuerto, Renato Folledo, Nikos Krigas, Kimon Papadimitriou, Antonios D. Mazaris, Rolando Rodríguez, Pedro Real, David Sanz, Santiago Castaño, Juan José Gómez-Alday, Tatiana S. da Silva, Maria Luiza Rosa, Flávia Farina, Fazel Amiri, Abdul Rashid B. Mohamed Shariff, Taybeh Tabatabaie, Ilham S. M. Elsayed, Nicolai Guth, Philipp Klingel, Alka Patel, Nigel Waters, Shih-Miao Chin, Francisco M. Oliveira-Neto, Ho-Ling Hwang, Diane Davidson, Lee D. Han, Bruce Peterson, J. Ponce, A.H. Torres, M.J. Escalona, M. Mejías, F.J. Domínguez-Mayo Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Sandra Bakic Typesetting InTech Prepress, Novi Sad Cover InTech Design Team First published October, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com Application of Geographic Information Systems, Edited by Bhuiyan Monwar Alam p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0824-5 Contents Preface IX Chapter 1 Multi-Scale GIS Data-Driven Method for Early Assessment of Wetlands Impacted by Transportation Corridors 1 Rodrigo Nobrega, Colin Brooks, Charles O’Hara and Bethany Stich Chapter 2 Raster and Vector Integration for Fuzzy Vector Information Representation Within GIS 21 Enguerran Grandchamp Chapter 3 Map Updates in a Dynamic Voronoi Data Structure 37 Darka Mioc, François Anton, Christopher M. Gold and Bernard Moulin Chapter 4 Feng-Shui Theory and Practice Investigated by Spatial Regression Modeling 65 Jung-Sup Um Chapter 5 Do Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Move High School Geography Education Forward in Turkey? A Teacher's Perspective 83 Süleyman İncekara Chapter 6 Probabilistic Evaluation of the Extent of the Aquifer – Case Study 101 Marek Kachnic Chapter 7 Behavioural Maps and GIS in Place Evaluation and Design 113 Barbara Goličnik Marušić and Damjan Marušić Chapter 8 Assessing Agricultural Potential in South Sudan – A Spatial Analysis Method 139 Xinshen Diao, Liangzhi You, Vida Alpuerto and Renato Folledo Chapter 9 GIS and ex situ Plant Conservation 153 Nikos Krigas, Kimon Papadimitriou and Antonios D. Mazaris VI Contents Chapter 10 Use of GIS to Estimate Productivity of Eucalyptus Plantations: A Case in the Biobio Chile’s Region 175 Rolando Rodríguez and Pedro Real Chapter 11 GIS Applied to the Hydrogeologic Characterization – Examples for Mancha Oriental Aquifer (SE Spain) 197 David Sanz, Santiago Castaño and Juan José Gómez-Alday Chapter 12 GIS Applied to Integrated Coastal Zone and Ocean Management: Mapping, Change Detection and Spatial Modeling for Coastal Management in Southern Brazil 219 Tatiana S. da Silva, Maria Luiza Rosa and Flávia Farina Chapter 13 Monitoring Land Suitability for Mixed Livestock Grazing Using Geographic Information System (GIS) 241 Fazel Amiri, Abdul Rashid B. Mohamed Shariff and Taybeh Tabatabaie Chapter 14 Effects of Population Density and Land Management on the Intensity of Urban Heat Islands: A Case Study on the City of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 267 Ilham S. M. Elsayed Chapter 15 Demand Allocation in Water Distribution Network Modelling – A GIS-Based Approach Using Voronoi Diagrams with Constraints 283 Nicolai Guth and Philipp Klingel Chapter 16 Using Geographic Information Systems for Health Research 303 Alka Patel and Nigel Waters Chapter 17 A Primer on Recent Advancement on Freight Transportation 321 Shih-Miao Chin, Francisco M. Oliveira-Neto, Ho-Ling Hwang, Diane Davidson, Lee D. Han and Bruce Peterson Chapter 18 Developing Web Geographic Information System with the NDT Methodology 349 J. Ponce, A.H. Torres, M.J. Escalona, M. Mejías and F.J. Domínguez-Mayo Preface Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has emerged as one of the most important and widely used softwares for the social scientists in last two decades. Economists, sociologists, political scientists, public administrators, and geographers alike use GIS for capturing, storing, analyzing, and presenting spatially referenced socio-economic data. Election campaigns have been using GIS in a rapidly increasing manner. It has also been substantially used by urban and regional planners, natural resources scientists, and civil engineers. Application of GIS for land classification systems, landslide hazard zonation mapping, land use planning, water resources engineering, flood mapping analysis, mapping agricultural potentials, and the likes are not new phenomena anymore. The network analyst and spatial analyst extensions of GIS are used for advanced analysis of node-link analysis of different network systems and spatial modeling. GIS has been further excelled by incorporating spatial autocorrelation analysis techniques like Moran’s I index and Geary’s ratio C. This book is geared to mastering the application of GIS in different fields of social sciences. It specifically focuses on GIS’s application in the broad spectrum of spatial analysis and modeling, water resources analysis, land use analysis, agricultural potentials, infrastructure network analysis like transportation and water distribution network, and such. While the chapter by Darka discusses map updates using dynamic voronoi data structure system, chapters by Jung-Sup, Alka, Escalona, Krigas, Mehdi, and Enguerran present the geospatial analysis and modeling in fields like health research, plant conservation, transportation planning, landscape analysis, and such. These chapters talk about raster and vector integration, virtual geographic environment, thematic mapping, model driven engineering, and web engineering. On the other hand, chapters by Xinshen, Fazel, Barbara, Ilham, and Rolando explore the application of GIS in mapping and analyzing different land use characteristics and categories. The book also introduces GIS’s application in water resources analysis – probability mapping of ground water aquifer by Marek, coastal zone management analysis by Luiza, and hydrologic characterization by David. Lastly, the book elaborates the techniques that detail the use of GIS in network analysis – freight analysis and modeling by Shih-Miao, water distribution network analysis Philipp, and landscape and transportation planning by Rodrigo. All chapters in the book use case studies to make the underlying theories and their applications as clearly as possible within the scope of this book. X Preface A lot of people and their important roles deserve acknowledgement. First, I would like to thank the authors for their valuable contribution in preparing the chapters. They have presented in-depth analysis for the readers to easily understand the ways GIS could be applied to varieties of subfields within the realm of social sciences. The authors made my job fairly easy by providing well-written chapters. Second, I am grateful to InTech publisher for keeping trust in my ability to edit this book. I specifically want thank the book coordinators and production managers for their patience while I was editing it. This book would not have been published in the absence of the help of the publisher. Third, I sincerely thank my beloved wife and life partner Sharmin Sultana, and two best gifts from the Almighty – my sons – Mubashshir Ra’eed Bhuiyan and Mashrafi Ryaan Bhuiyan. Finally, I extend my advanced thanks to the readers of this book. The hard works and sacrifices done by the authors, a group of wonderful but professionals working in InTech publisher, and others will only be successful if the readers find this book useful. While the credits go to the authors and publisher, I am responsible for any unintended errors that I was supposed to address but omitted due to human error. Bhuiyan Monwar Alam The University of Toledo, Ohio, USA [...]... 24 Application of Geographic Information Systems This step allows defining 14 kinds of forest over the main part of Guadeloupe Island (Fig 1d and e) 2.3 Description of the treatments The previous step allows labelling each of the 47 areas according to the 14 classes (Fig 2-a) But the fuzzy representation of the whole territory is not possible using floristic information because we didn’t have this information. .. objects are computed, since the objects of interest (watersheds and wetlands) already exist, and segmentation statistics are generated for these areas and used in subsequent phases of analysis The method combines intrinsic and extrinsic information extracted from the objects and the analyses are organized hierarchically 6 Application of Geographic Information Systems 2.4 Spatial MCDC-AHP in transportation... capabilities of geographical analysis by providing ways to access, process, store and disseminate large amounts of information in comparison with human tasks The traditional GIS features (points, lines and polygons) enable a series of spatial operations as union, overlapping, intersection, etc Some of these operations were used when integrating the watershed polygons and the landscape layers of information. .. analysis, and prioritizing areas of interest is key to reducing the geographic extent of the study, reducing the computational cost of the study, and supporting the top-down approach in geospatial analysis in which the analysis funnels options down into a reduced set of possible alternatives Given the completion of Level I processing described, a series of GIS analyses using information extracted from the... from those presented and enable a rich evaluation of potential alternatives, including ones based on agency and 16 Application of Geographic Information Systems public inputs The results presented show a single scenario to illustrate the process rather than an exhaustive exploration of possible scenarios which might arise from collecting a cross-section of objective and subjective values from stakeholders... main sources of raster data are raw images (airborne and satellite images) and results of treatments (geostatistical, pixel classification, etc.) Vector information is often obtained by manual measurements (using GPS receptor for example), or is the result of the vectorisation of a raster treatment (such as classification, etc.) The main goal is to manipulate vector information instead of raster because... because of a lack of contextual information, the size of the data and the time consuming algorithm to produce information The raster information is not split into identified objects and the vector representation is more flexible and gives the possibility to be easily combined with other information layers For these reasons, we aim to split a wide image into several small units and convert the raw image information. .. analysis; however, the use of watersheds as a segmentation layer enables the analysis to consider biophysical subdivision as parts of transportation corridor planning and enables the use of output results in cumulative cost surfaces that may be employed to refine land use and corridor plans and improve agency coordination during the NEPA process 4 Application of Geographic Information Systems 2.2 Landscape... characteristics, the geographic context of sensitive environmental resources, and the services provides by natural systems, is vital to providing balanced solutions for sustainable development amidst natural resources that face economic and social issues (Figure 1) Despite the similarity in some points of view between creating subdivisions of eco-regions and watersheds, a common misunderstanding of each of these... University, USA 18 Application of Geographic Information Systems Colin Brooks Environmental Science Laboratory, Michigan Tech Research Institute, USA Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank the US Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration (USDOT-RITA) for funding the research, as well as the Desoto County GIS Department for providing much of the GIS data 8 . APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS Edited by Bhuiyan Monwar Alam Application of Geographic Information Systems. process. Application of Geographic Information Systems 4 2.2. Landscape analysis Landscapes are shaped by the interaction of social and ecological systems

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  • Preface Application of Geographic Information Systems

  • 01 Multi-Scale GIS Data-Driven Method for Early Assessment of Wetlands Impacted by Transportation C

  • 02 Raster and Vector Integration for Fuzzy Vector Information Representation Within GIS

  • 03 Map Updates in a Dynamic Voronoi Data Structure

  • 04 Feng-Shui Theory and Practice Investigated by Spatial Regression Modeling

  • 05 Do Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Move High School Geography Education Forward in Turkey?

  • 06 Probabilistic Evaluation of the Extent of the Aquifer – Case Study

  • 07 Behavioural Maps and GIS in Place Evaluation and Design

  • 08 Assessing Agricultural Potential in South Sudan – A Spatial Analysis Method

  • 09 GIS and ex situ Plant Conservation

  • 10 Use of GIS to Estimate Productivity of Eucalyptus Plantations: A Case in the Biobio Chile’s Regi

  • 11 GIS Applied to the Hydrogeologic Characterization – Examples for Mancha Oriental Aquifer (SE Spa

  • 12 GIS Applied to Integrated Coastal Zone and Ocean Management: Mapping, Change Detection and Spati

  • 13 Monitoring Land Suitability for Mixed Livestock Grazing Using Geographic Information System (GIS

  • 14 Effects of Population Density and Land Management on the Intensity of Urban Heat Islands: A Case

  • 15 Demand Allocation in Water Distribution Network Modelling – A GIS-Based Approach Using Voronoi D

  • 16 Using Geographic Information Systems for Health Research

  • 17 A Primer on Recent Advancement on Freight Transportation

  • 18 Developing Web Geographic Information System with the NDT Methodology

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