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APPLICATION OF
GEOGRAPHIC
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Edited by Bhuiyan Monwar Alam
Application of Geographic Information Systems
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/1944
Edited by Bhuiyan Monwar Alam
Contributors
Rodrigo Nobrega, Colin Brooks, Charles O’Hara, Bethany Stich, Enguerran Grandchamp, Darka
Mioc, François Anton, Christopher M. Gold, Bernard Moulin, Jung-Sup Um, Süleyman İncekara,
Marek Kachnic, Barbara Goličnik Marušić, Damjan Marušić, Xinshen Diao, Liangzhi You, Vida
Alpuerto, Renato Folledo, Nikos Krigas, Kimon Papadimitriou, Antonios D. Mazaris, Rolando
Rodríguez, Pedro Real, David Sanz, Santiago Castaño, Juan José Gómez-Alday, Tatiana S. da
Silva, Maria Luiza Rosa, Flávia Farina, Fazel Amiri, Abdul Rashid B. Mohamed Shariff, Taybeh
Tabatabaie, Ilham S. M. Elsayed, Nicolai Guth, Philipp Klingel, Alka Patel, Nigel Waters,
Shih-Miao Chin, Francisco M. Oliveira-Neto, Ho-Ling Hwang, Diane Davidson, Lee D. Han,
Bruce Peterson, J. Ponce, A.H. Torres, M.J. Escalona, M. Mejías, F.J. Domínguez-Mayo
Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
Copyright © 2012 InTech
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Notice
Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and
not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy
of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for
any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials,
instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book.
Publishing Process Manager Sandra Bakic
Typesetting InTech Prepress, Novi Sad
Cover InTech Design Team
First published October, 2012
Printed in Croatia
A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com
Application of Geographic Information Systems, Edited by Bhuiyan Monwar Alam
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0824-5
Contents
Preface IX
Chapter 1 Multi-Scale GIS Data-Driven Method for Early Assessment
of Wetlands Impacted by Transportation Corridors 1
Rodrigo Nobrega, Colin Brooks, Charles O’Hara and Bethany Stich
Chapter 2 Raster and Vector Integration for Fuzzy
Vector Information Representation Within GIS 21
Enguerran Grandchamp
Chapter 3 Map Updates in a Dynamic Voronoi Data Structure 37
Darka Mioc, François Anton,
Christopher M. Gold and Bernard Moulin
Chapter 4 Feng-Shui Theory and Practice Investigated
by Spatial Regression Modeling 65
Jung-Sup Um
Chapter 5 Do Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Move High School Geography Education Forward in Turkey?
A Teacher's Perspective 83
Süleyman İncekara
Chapter 6 Probabilistic Evaluation of the Extent of the Aquifer
– Case Study 101
Marek Kachnic
Chapter 7 Behavioural Maps and GIS
in Place Evaluation and Design 113
Barbara Goličnik Marušić and Damjan Marušić
Chapter 8 Assessing Agricultural Potential in South Sudan –
A Spatial Analysis Method 139
Xinshen Diao, Liangzhi You, Vida Alpuerto and Renato Folledo
Chapter 9 GIS and ex situ Plant Conservation 153
Nikos Krigas, Kimon Papadimitriou and Antonios D. Mazaris
VI Contents
Chapter 10 Use of GIS to Estimate Productivity of Eucalyptus
Plantations: A Case in the Biobio Chile’s Region 175
Rolando Rodríguez and Pedro Real
Chapter 11 GIS Applied to the Hydrogeologic Characterization –
Examples for Mancha Oriental Aquifer (SE Spain) 197
David Sanz, Santiago Castaño and Juan José Gómez-Alday
Chapter 12 GIS Applied to Integrated Coastal Zone and Ocean
Management: Mapping, Change Detection and Spatial
Modeling for Coastal Management in Southern Brazil 219
Tatiana S. da Silva, Maria Luiza Rosa and Flávia Farina
Chapter 13 Monitoring Land Suitability for Mixed Livestock Grazing
Using Geographic Information System (GIS) 241
Fazel Amiri, Abdul Rashid B. Mohamed Shariff
and Taybeh Tabatabaie
Chapter 14 Effects of Population Density and Land Management on
the Intensity of Urban Heat Islands: A Case Study on
the City of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 267
Ilham S. M. Elsayed
Chapter 15 Demand Allocation in Water Distribution Network Modelling
– A GIS-Based Approach Using
Voronoi Diagrams with Constraints 283
Nicolai Guth and Philipp Klingel
Chapter 16 Using Geographic Information
Systems for Health Research 303
Alka Patel and Nigel Waters
Chapter 17 A Primer on Recent Advancement
on Freight Transportation 321
Shih-Miao Chin, Francisco M. Oliveira-Neto, Ho-Ling Hwang,
Diane Davidson, Lee D. Han and Bruce Peterson
Chapter 18 Developing Web Geographic Information System
with the NDT Methodology 349
J. Ponce, A.H. Torres, M.J. Escalona,
M. Mejías and F.J. Domínguez-Mayo
Preface
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has emerged as one of the most important and
widely used softwares for the social scientists in last two decades. Economists,
sociologists, political scientists, public administrators, and geographers alike use GIS
for capturing, storing, analyzing, and presenting spatially referenced socio-economic
data. Election campaigns have been using GIS in a rapidly increasing manner. It has
also been substantially used by urban and regional planners, natural resources
scientists, and civil engineers. Application of GIS for land classification systems,
landslide hazard zonation mapping, land use planning, water resources engineering,
flood mapping analysis, mapping agricultural potentials, and the likes are not new
phenomena anymore. The network analyst and spatial analyst extensions of GIS are
used for advanced analysis of node-link analysis of different network systems and
spatial modeling. GIS has been further excelled by incorporating spatial
autocorrelation analysis techniques like Moran’s I index and Geary’s ratio C.
This book is geared to mastering the application of GIS in different fields of social
sciences. It specifically focuses on GIS’s application in the broad spectrum of spatial
analysis and modeling, water resources analysis, land use analysis, agricultural
potentials, infrastructure network analysis like transportation and water distribution
network, and such. While the chapter by Darka discusses map updates using dynamic
voronoi data structure system, chapters by Jung-Sup, Alka, Escalona, Krigas, Mehdi,
and Enguerran present the geospatial analysis and modeling in fields like health
research, plant conservation, transportation planning, landscape analysis, and such.
These chapters talk about raster and vector integration, virtual geographic
environment, thematic mapping, model driven engineering, and web engineering. On
the other hand, chapters by Xinshen, Fazel, Barbara, Ilham, and Rolando explore the
application of GIS in mapping and analyzing different land use characteristics and
categories. The book also introduces GIS’s application in water resources analysis –
probability mapping of ground water aquifer by Marek, coastal zone management
analysis by Luiza, and hydrologic characterization by David. Lastly, the book
elaborates the techniques that detail the use of GIS in network analysis – freight
analysis and modeling by Shih-Miao, water distribution network analysis Philipp, and
landscape and transportation planning by Rodrigo. All chapters in the book use case
studies to make the underlying theories and their applications as clearly as possible
within the scope of this book.
X Preface
A lot of people and their important roles deserve acknowledgement. First, I would like
to thank the authors for their valuable contribution in preparing the chapters. They
have presented in-depth analysis for the readers to easily understand the ways GIS
could be applied to varieties of subfields within the realm of social sciences. The
authors made my job fairly easy by providing well-written chapters. Second, I am
grateful to InTech publisher for keeping trust in my ability to edit this book. I
specifically want thank the book coordinators and production managers for their
patience while I was editing it. This book would not have been published in the
absence of the help of the publisher. Third, I sincerely thank my beloved wife and life
partner Sharmin Sultana, and two best gifts from the Almighty – my sons –
Mubashshir Ra’eed Bhuiyan and Mashrafi Ryaan Bhuiyan. Finally, I extend my
advanced thanks to the readers of this book. The hard works and sacrifices done by
the authors, a group of wonderful but professionals working in InTech publisher, and
others will only be successful if the readers find this book useful. While the credits go
to the authors and publisher, I am responsible for any unintended errors that I was
supposed to address but omitted due to human error.
Bhuiyan Monwar Alam
The University of Toledo,
Ohio, USA
[...]... 24 Application of Geographic Information Systems This step allows defining 14 kinds of forest over the main part of Guadeloupe Island (Fig 1d and e) 2.3 Description of the treatments The previous step allows labelling each of the 47 areas according to the 14 classes (Fig 2-a) But the fuzzy representation of the whole territory is not possible using floristic information because we didn’t have this information. .. objects are computed, since the objects of interest (watersheds and wetlands) already exist, and segmentation statistics are generated for these areas and used in subsequent phases of analysis The method combines intrinsic and extrinsic information extracted from the objects and the analyses are organized hierarchically 6 Application of Geographic Information Systems 2.4 Spatial MCDC-AHP in transportation... capabilities of geographical analysis by providing ways to access, process, store and disseminate large amounts of information in comparison with human tasks The traditional GIS features (points, lines and polygons) enable a series of spatial operations as union, overlapping, intersection, etc Some of these operations were used when integrating the watershed polygons and the landscape layers of information. .. analysis, and prioritizing areas of interest is key to reducing the geographic extent of the study, reducing the computational cost of the study, and supporting the top-down approach in geospatial analysis in which the analysis funnels options down into a reduced set of possible alternatives Given the completion of Level I processing described, a series of GIS analyses using information extracted from the... from those presented and enable a rich evaluation of potential alternatives, including ones based on agency and 16 Application of Geographic Information Systems public inputs The results presented show a single scenario to illustrate the process rather than an exhaustive exploration of possible scenarios which might arise from collecting a cross-section of objective and subjective values from stakeholders... main sources of raster data are raw images (airborne and satellite images) and results of treatments (geostatistical, pixel classification, etc.) Vector information is often obtained by manual measurements (using GPS receptor for example), or is the result of the vectorisation of a raster treatment (such as classification, etc.) The main goal is to manipulate vector information instead of raster because... because of a lack of contextual information, the size of the data and the time consuming algorithm to produce information The raster information is not split into identified objects and the vector representation is more flexible and gives the possibility to be easily combined with other information layers For these reasons, we aim to split a wide image into several small units and convert the raw image information. .. analysis; however, the use of watersheds as a segmentation layer enables the analysis to consider biophysical subdivision as parts of transportation corridor planning and enables the use of output results in cumulative cost surfaces that may be employed to refine land use and corridor plans and improve agency coordination during the NEPA process 4 Application of Geographic Information Systems 2.2 Landscape... characteristics, the geographic context of sensitive environmental resources, and the services provides by natural systems, is vital to providing balanced solutions for sustainable development amidst natural resources that face economic and social issues (Figure 1) Despite the similarity in some points of view between creating subdivisions of eco-regions and watersheds, a common misunderstanding of each of these... University, USA 18 Application of Geographic Information Systems Colin Brooks Environmental Science Laboratory, Michigan Tech Research Institute, USA Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank the US Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration (USDOT-RITA) for funding the research, as well as the Desoto County GIS Department for providing much of the GIS data 8 . APPLICATION OF
GEOGRAPHIC
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Edited by Bhuiyan Monwar Alam
Application of Geographic Information Systems. process.
Application of Geographic Information Systems
4
2.2. Landscape analysis
Landscapes are shaped by the interaction of social and ecological systems
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