Index active power flow control, 46, 62 adaptation rules, 277 adaptive control, 281 adverse control interactions, 260 architecture of a WAMS, 290 ATC, 240 augmented Lagrangian function, 118 automatic voltage regulator, 320 autonomous control, 269 autonomous system, 270 auto-regressive (AR) model, 297 back-to-back, 24 balanced system, 224 bay control level, 270, 275 building blocks, 261 bus voltage control, 47 bus-impedance method, 139 capacitive compensation, 31 centralized control, 366 classical Smith predictor, 367 communication delay, 366 computational intelligence, 269 concrete rules, 278 congestion management, 239 constraint enforcement, 36, 49 contingency control, 263, 266 continuation power flow, 189 continuation three-phase power flow, 192, 218, 222 control architecture, 259 control modes, 46, 62 control path, 272 controllable transmission line, 261 controlled Lyapunov function, 265 coordinating control, 272 corridor voltage stability, 292 cross-border transmission capability, 246 CSP, 367 current constraints, 47, 67 damping controller, 281 damping ratio, 335 decoupling-compensation bus- admittance method, 139 design process, 259 DFC, 4, 19 direct voltage injection, 63 DVR, 4, 19 Dynamic Power Flow Controller, 4, 19, 239 Dynamic Voltage Restorer, 4, 19 economic benefit, 248 eigenvalues, 335 emergency control, 303 energy function, 265 equivalent impedance, 31 equivalent injected voltage magnitude, 32 excitation system, 322 fast controllability, 254 fast-decoupled method, 139 functional specification, 259 fuzzy adaptation, 277 fuzzy modules, 278 Gauss-Seidel Method, 139 Generalized Unified Power Flow Controller, 4, 22, 113 generation cost, 254 generation shift distribution factors, 278 generic rules, 272 governor model, 324 gradient method, 102 GSDF, 278 GUPFC, 4, 22, 70 H Ğ control, 347 382 Index half-bridge, 8 harmonics, 9 HVDC, 4 hybrid control model, 176 IEEE 30-bus system, 40 IGBT, 6 IGCT, 6 impedance (reactance) control, 47 impedance compensation, 95 Implicit Bus-Impedance Method, 139 increase of transmission capacity, 248 induction motor load, 326 inductive compensation, 32 initialization, 78 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, 6 Insulated Gate Commutated Thyristors, 6 interior point method, 103 Interline Power Flow Controller, 4, 22, 113 IPFC, 22, 70 Kalman filter, 297 line impedance compensation, 65 line temperature, 296 linear frequency, 335 linear programming, 102 linear system analysis, 319 Load Flow Controller, 239 load model, 324 loadability, 198, 302 loadability calculation, 292 loss optimal, 254 loss reduction, 239 LTI control law, 350 marginal cost, 254 market simulation, 249 matrix inequality formulation, 351 mixed-sensitivity formulation, 348 modal controllability, 343 modal observability, 320, 343 mode shape, 341 modified Smith predictor, 367 modular controller design, 262 MSP, 367 multi-control capabilities, 40 multi-control functions, 29 multi-converter, 59 multi-functional, 59 multi-terminal VSC-HVDC, 123 M-VSC-HVDC, 82, 123 N-1-Criterion, 242 network control level, 270, 277 Newton equation, 143 Newton’s method, 103 Newton-Raphson Method, 139 NISC, 259 Non-Intrusive System Control, 259 non-linear control, 319 Nonlinear Interior Point OPF, 106 nonlinear programming, 101 OPF, 101 OPF-Formulation, 104 optimal power flow, 101 optimized power flow, 307 oscillation monitoring, 292, 297 overload, 273 overvoltage protection, 16 packaging, 7 parallel path, 272 participation factor, 342 Phase Shifting Regulation, 65 Phase Shifting Transformer, 4, 239 Phasor Measurement Units, 289 PMU, 289 polar coordinates, 28 pole placement, 349 power converters, 8 power electronics, 5 power flow calculations, 27 power mismatch equations, 142 Power Transfer Distribution Factor, 246 PQ bus, 28, 141 PQ control, 85 PQ machine, 142 preventive coordination, 279 primary converters, 85 PST, 4 PV bus, 28, 140 PV control, 85 PV machine, 143 quadratic programming, 103 reactive power control, 31 Index 383 reactive power flow control, 46, 62 remote control of ( maximum) apparent power, 33 remote feedback control, 309 remote reactive power f low control, 33 remote voltage magnitude control, 33 robustness, 262 secondary converter, 86 security constrained transfer capability, 211 semiconductors, 5 sequential design, 361 Series Compensation, 3, 16 series devices, 15 short circuit, 274 shunt devices, 10 singular decomposition, 189 slack bus, 27, 140 small disturbances, 319 small impedance, 95 small signal stability, 319 small signal stability control, 281 Smith predictor, 367 SSSC, 4, 18, 152 stacking, 7 STATCOM, 3, 13, 152 state calculation, 292, 301 STATic COMpensator, 13 Static Synchronous Compensator, 152 Static Var Compensator, 11 Static Voltage Restorer, 4 steady state voltage stability, 232 Substation Control Level, 270, 277 Sub-Synchronous Resonance, 17 SVC, 3, 11, 328 SVR, 4 switching patern, 9 symmetrical components control, 172 synchronous generator, 320 tap position, 242, 256 TCPS, 329 TCSC, 3, 15, 17 thermal constraints, 34 thermal monitoring, 292, 296 three-phase OPF, 184 three-phase power flow, 139, 220 Thyristor, 5 Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifter, 329 Thyristor Controlled Reactor, 328 Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitors, 17 Thyristor converter, 8 time-delayed systems, 366 time-synchronized, 290 topology analysis, 277 topology calculation, 292 topology changes, 274 topology detection, 301 Total Transfer Capability, 197, 240 Transistor, 5 transmission functions, 260 TTC, 240 turbine model, 324 TWIN converter, 9 UCTE, 249 unbalanced three-phase voltage stability, 217 unbalanced three-phase power system, 232 Unified Power Flow C ontroller, 4, 21, 152, 239 unified Smith predictor, 367 unified transfer capability, 205, 206 UPFC,4,21,60,166 USP, 367, 370 voltage constraints, 34, 47, 67 voltage control, 31 voltage shifting, 62 voltage stability analysis, 189 voltage stability limit, 197 voltage stability monitoring, 292 voltage stability prediction, 303 WAMS, 289 wide-area control, 306 wide-area measurement system, 289 zonal balance, 248 . 6 IGCT, 6 impedance (reactance) control, 47 impedance compensation, 95 Implicit Bus-Impedance Method, 139 increase of transmission capacity, 248 induction. 31 Index 383 reactive power flow control, 46, 62 remote control of ( maximum) apparent power, 33 remote feedback control, 309 remote reactive power f low