PHAT TRI^N B^N VCfNG THONG QUA PHAT TRI^N Mfll TRU&NG KINH DOANH {j^\\\ PHAT TRI^N KINH T^ B^N VOfNG THONG QUA PHAT TRI^N cAc SAN PHAM THAN THIEN Bui Van Phu 1. Dat van de Phat trien kinh te ben viing la viec bao dam tang trudng kinh te cao, ddng thdi duy tri tdt va nang cao chat lugng cude sdng con ngudi, trong dd cd viec bao ve mdi trudng. Mdt dudng hudng quan trgng trong viec nang cao chat lugng cude sdng va bao ve mdi trudng la viee sii dyng eac san pham than thien vdi mdi trudng (TTMT). Day la nhiing san pham duge san xuat tir nhiing nguyen vat lieu nhan tao, it gay phat thai, an toan ddi vdi siic khde con ngudi, tilt kiem nang lugng, tai nguyen, xii ly d nhiem va tao duge hinh anh than thi?n mdi trudng Do nhirng dac tinh neu tren, phat trien cac san phim than thien mdi trudng dang trd thanh xu hudng phd bien tren the gidi, mang lai nhieu lgi ich kinh te, xa hdi va mdi trudng cho cae ddi tugng lien quan khae nhau. Thii: nhdt, phat trien san pham than thien mdi trudng mang lai lgi ich cho ngudi tieu dung do cd duge nhiing hang hda va dieh vy chat lugng cao, an toan ddi vdi siic khde va gan giii vdi thien nhien. Thir hai, lgi ich ddi vdi nha san xuat la cd duge lgi nhuan ben virng, tilt ki?m duge chi phi dau vao, cai tiln cdng nghe, xay dyng nen hinh anh than thien ddi vdi ngudi tieu dimg, ddi tac va cac nha quan Iy, do dd, tao dyng duge vi thl trong canh tranh. Thir ba, ddi vdi quoc gia, phat triln san phim than thien mdi trudng chinh la cam ket ciia chinh phii vl bao v? mdi trudng (BVMT), qua dd, hudng tdi myc tieu phat • Bai Vdn Phii, Th^c sT, C6ng ty Dif n lyc tinh Hd Tinh. triln bin vung; gay dyng hinh anh than thien ddi vdi qudc tl va dan chiing. San phim than thien mdi trudng cd thuang hieu qudc tl edn the hien kha nang eanh tranh qudc gia cua mdt nude. Chinh vi vay, phat triln san phim than thien mdi trudng la myc tieu chiln luge eua mdi qudc gia, doanh nghiep va cdng ddng ngudi tieu dimg tren the gidi. Viet Nam cd nhieu tiem nang de phat trien eac san pham than thien vdi mdi trudng. Tuy nhien, trong thdi gian qua, chiing chua duge san xuat va thuang mai hda mdt each rdrig rai. Nhihig khd khan trong phat triln san pham nay la khung khd phap ly chua day dii, rd rang de thye su khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep diu tu phat triln san phim TTMT; su hd trg tir phia nha nudc cdn ban che; nhan thiic eiia doanh nghiep va ngudi tieu dung vl san phim than thien mdi trudng cdn chua cao. Ben eanh dd, diu tu phat triln san phim than thien mdi trudng ddi hdi nhilu von, trong khi eac doanh nghiep nudc ta phan ldn la vira va nhd. Chinh vi vay, trong thai gian tdi dn cd nhiing chinh sach khuyin khich ban nua phat triln cae san pham than thien mdi trudng. 2. Thuc trang phat trien san pham than thien v&i moi trudng ct Viet Nam Cac san phim vdi tinh nang thari thien mdi trudng ngay cang trd nen phd bien tren thi trudng Viet Nam. Cd thl liet ke mdt sd nhdm san phim than thien vdi mdi trudng dang duge diu tu san xult va tieu thy d Viet Nam nhu sau: 2.1. Nhom cdc sdn pham nang lugng: Nhdm nay gdm cac san phim chu yeu nhu QUAN Lt KINH le S(li42 (7+8/2011) 01 VEMR MOI TRl/dNG KINH DOANH PHAT TRI^N Btn VONG THONG QUA PHAT TRI^N nang lugng sinh hgc (NLSH), xang dau sinh hgc Biogass, nang lugng tai sinh, tiet kiem nanglugng. - Sdn phdm ndng lugng sinh hoc (NLSH): Tir bom 10 nam qua, da ed mgt sd co quan thudc cac nganh giao thdng van tai, cdng nghiep, nang lugng nghien ciiu ve NLSH. Mdt sd cdng ty, vien va trudng dai hgc da nghien ciiu thii nghiem xang pha ethanol va diesel sinh hgc. Cdng ty Mia dudng Lam Son (Thanh Hoa), Sai Gdn Petro, Cdng ty Rugu Binh Tay, Cdng ty Chi Himg ciing da cd dy an san xuat ethanol iam nhien lieu. Mdt sd cdng ty tai An Giang, Can Tha, Long An da dau tu xudng san xuat diesel sinh hgc tir md ca basa vdi tdng edng suat khoang 40.000 tan /nam, nhung do chua cd tieu chuan chat lugng eho san pham, nen chua duge dua ra thi trudng. Gan day, da ed hang chyc cdng ty nudc ngoai mudn dau tu san xuat ethanol va diesel sinh hgc; mdt sd edng ty lien doanh ky kit thoa thuan dau tu san xuat ethanol va diesel sinh hgc tir dau Jatropha (giai doan dau nhap dau thd, sau dd diu tu trdng tai Viet Nam). Nhin chung, cac san pham nang lugng sinh hgc chua phat trien d nude ta. - Xdng ddu sinh hgc: Viet Nam ed tiem nang ve cdng nghe ciing nhu nguyen lieu de san xuat biodiezel hoac la xang sinh hgc. Hien nay, mdt sd cdng ty d Ddng bang sdng Ciiu Long da sii dyng ma ca basa de san xuat NLSH va da duge ban ra thi trudng vdi gia thap ban gia diezel tir dau md. Tuy nhien, khdi lugng san pham cdn rat ban che. Mdt trong nhirng trd ngai dl phat trien mat hang nay la Viet Nam chua cd luat sii dyng NLSH nen da ban che den viec dau tu xay dyng vimg nguyen lieu ciing nhu nha may ehl biln nhien lieu sinh hgc. - Biogas: CJ nudc ta, tir ban mudi nam nay viec sii dyng biogas da trd nen quen thudc ddi vdi ngudi dan ndng thdn. Mdt so tinh, thanh phd phia BIC, nhlt la vimg ngoai thanh Ha Ngi da di diu trong phat trien him biogas. Trong nhirng nam qua bing ngudn vdn cua thanh phd va cua nhan dan cimg vdi sy giiip da ve ky thuat cua Vien Nang lugng Viet Nam, cac huyen ngoai thanh Ha Ndi da xay dyng duge bdn nghin bl khi biogas. Tinh rieng d Ha Ndi, din nam 2010, vimg ndng thdn ngoai thanh da xay dyng duge 5.000 bl khi biogas. Tai Tinh Thai Binh hien nay co bom 1.000 hd gia dinh xay ham khi biogas vdi sy ho trg eua Nha nudc vl ky thuat va kinh phi. Kinh nghiem tai day cho thly mdt ho chan nudi dudi 10 con beo cd the xay bl biogas cd dung tich 15-20 m^ Cdc sdn phdm ndng lugng tdi tgo: Viet Nam cd nhilu tilm nang vl cac ngudn nang lugng tai tao (NLTT) bao gdm: sinh khdi, gid, mat trdi, dia nhiet, thiiy trieu, sdng bien va cac dang nhien lieu sinh hgc khae, nhung cho den nay su ddng gdp ciia NLTT vao san xuat nang lugng ndi chung va san xuat dien nang ndi rieng lai chua dang ke. Hien da cd 5 loai NLTT duge khai thae cho san xdt dien bao gdm gid, mat trdi, thuy dien nhd, sinh khdi, rac thai sinh boat. Tuy vay, theo thdng ke ciia Bd Cdng Thuang thi tdng san lugng dien tir cac ngudn NLTT mdi chi chiem khoang 2% tdng nhu elu dien (nam 2009) va ty le nay dang cd nguy ca tilp tyc giam do cac dy an NLTT cham duge triln khai trong khi eac ngudn thiiy dien ldn va dien tu NL hda thach mdi ngay mdt gia tang. Sdn phdm tiit kiem ndng lugng: Ngay 14/4/2006, Thii tudng da ky Quylt dinh s6 79/2006/QD-TTg, phe duyet Chuang trinh myc tieu qudc gia ve su dung nang lugng tiet kiem va hieu qua. Ngay 16/11/2006, Bd Cdng nghiep da ban hanh Thdng tu sd 08/2006/TT- BCN hudng din trinh ty, thii tyc dan nhan san pham tilt kiem nang lugng. Theo danh gia sa bd, din cudi nam 2008, hon 23 trieu bdng den Compact cac loai da duge tieu thu tai thi trudng trong nudc, tang 40%/nam so vdi bdng den trdn tieu thy trong nudc khoing 40 trieu bdng, nhu v$y da chilm ban 30% thi trudng tieu thy. Cac san phim tilt ki?n nang lugng Ichac (chu ylu la hang dien hi) dang S«f 42 (7+8/2011) QUAN Lt KINH T^ I TRiiN BeN VUNG THONG QUA PHAT TRI^N MOI TRUdNG KINH DOANH MB ngay cang phd bien d nudc ta. Tuy nhien, san pham loai nay nhap khau la chu yeu. Cac san phim nang lugng sach duge thuang mai hda d nudc ta cdn kha ban che. Hien nay, nang lugng sach chi chiem chua den 5% san lugng dien quoc gia. Viec phat trien thuang mai chi mdi nim d qui md le te mang tinh thir nghiem cua mdt vai doanh nghiep ma chua hinh thanh duge mdt nganh/lTnh vyc mang tinh canh tranh cao. 2.2. Nhdm sdn phdm tdi che Theo so lieu thdng ke trong 20 tinh/thanh cd khoang 5.000 ca sd, hd gia dinh lam nghe thu gom phi lieu nhung sd co sd va lang nghi tai chi 194 ca sd tap trung d Ha Tay, Bic Ninh, Hung Yen, Hai Phdng, Tp. Hd Chinh Minh. Cae san phim nhya tai ehl hien nay chilm khoang tir 55-60% thi trudng san phim nhya. Trong dd chii ylu tap trung vao cac san phim gia dyng nhu chau cac loai, rd ra cae loai. San phim gily chiem tir 45-55% thi phln, chii ylu tap trung vao cac san phim gily phyc vy gia dinh, cac loai bao bi. San phim kim loai tai ehl chilm tir 35-45% thi phln tieu thy cac san phim kim loai. Mdt loai san phim khae thudc dang tai ehl la phan buu co (compost). Hien nay d Viet Nam da cd mdt sd ca sd thudc dang nay dang boat ddng, nhung hien tai cdn chua cd cac sd lieu danh gia vl tinh chi phi hieu qua ciia cac nha may dang boat ddng nay. Phan compost do cac nha may nay san xuat thudng la cd lan nhilu vyn thuy tinh, kim loai va do dd khd tieu thy. 6 mdt sd dia phuang (thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, Lang Son, Da Ning, ) mgt sd tu nhan da tham gia diu tu chi biln phan bdn buu ca tir ngudn chat thai tai cac bai chdn lap. 2.3. Nhdm sdn phdm nong nghiep: Nhdm nay gom mgt so loai san phim nhu rau an toin, ca phe sach, trai cay an toan, san pham chan nudi va thuy san. - Sdn phdm rau an todn (RAT): Theo Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat tiiln Ndng thdn, hien nay, ca nudc mdi chi cd 5% dien tich trdng rau canh tac theo tieu chuin an toan tren tdng dien tich trdng rau la 850.000 ha. Nhilu vimg rau an toan da duge hinh thanh dem lai thu nhap cao va an toan eho ngudi sii dyng dang duge nhieu dia phuang chii trgng diu tu xay dyng mdi va md rdng nhu d cac tinh Ha Ndi (dien tich RAT chilm 20 - 25% tdng dien tich rau toan thanh phd, tap trung d cac huyen Gia Lam, Ddng Anh, Thanh Tri), Hai Phdng (An Lao), TP Hd Chi Minh, Lam Ddng (Da Lat), Tien Giang Cd phe sgch: Den nay, da cd 7 cdng ty trdng va kinh doanh ca phe thudc 3 tinh Dak Lak, Quang Tri, Son La va 1 cdng ty thu mua cua Anh dat tai Lam Ddng duge Utz Kapeh dp chiing chi. Cdng ty ca phe Trung Nguyen la doanh nghiep ca phe dau tien trong nudc duge dp chiing nhan Eurep GAP, mdt tieu chuin an toan va chat lugng. In dinh bdi Hiep hdi san phim cac nha ban le EU. Trong 3 nam gin day, cdng ty nay da dau tu hang ti ddng xay dyng vimg nguyen lieu sach d budn Kd Tam, xa Ea Tu va xa Hda Thuan ngoai thanh Budn Ma Thudt. Slp tdi Trung Nguyen cdn phd biln tieu chuin nay tdi ndng dan d huyen Cu Mgar mdt trong nhirng huyen trgng dilm ca phe eua Dak Lak. Sdn phdm trdi cdy sgch, an todn: Hien nay dien tich cay an qua duge chiing nhan san xult theo quy trinh thye hanh ndng nghiep tdt (GAP, GLOBAL GAP, VIETGAP) cdn rit ban ehl, chu ylu tap trung d cac tinh phia Nam vdi chiing loai nhu Budi Nam Roi, Vu siia Ld Ren, Thanh Long (Binh Thuan), rau Cu Chi, rau Da Lat, xoai cat Hda Ldc d Ndng tirudng Sdng Hau San xult rau, qua, sach, an toan hien nay d nudc ta da dat duge nhiing tiln bd tieh eye. Dien tich trdng rau, qua sach ngay cang gia tang; chit lugng rau, qua ngay cang nang cao va chiing loai phong phii. Tuy nhien, san xuat rau, qua hien nay d nudc ta van cdn nhieu bat cap. Dien tich manh miin, chua hinh thanh cae vimg san xult tap trung dl eung cap QUAN Lt KINH T£ 8642(7+8/2011) Uli'llil "^' ^^"^ '^"*" °°*'*" PHAT TRI^N Bf N VONG THONG QUA PHAT TRI^N nguyen lieu dn dinh cho thi trudng, nang suat chua cao. Md hinh san xuat sach chua duge nhan rdng. Quy trinh danh gia chit lugng va chung nhan chua hoan thien Tai thi trudng trong nude, eac san pham rau qua xanh, sach chu yeu duge tieu thy qua kenh sieu thi hoac cac ciia hang rau qua sach vdi gia cao ban khoang 1,5 lan so vdi cae san pham truyen thdng. Nhu cau thi trudng ddi vdi cae san pham nay ciing kha cao, tuy nhien, ngudi tieu dung van cdn khd khan trong viec tiep can san pham nay, dac biet la cac vimg ndng thdn va thanh thi cd thu nhap thap. Sd lugng cac quay hang kinh doanh san pham rau sach tai cac chg cdn chiem ty le rat thap. Kim ngach xuat khau rau qua cua Viet Nam da bat dau dn dinh va tang nhanh trong vai nam trd lai day. Nam 2010, kim ngach xuat khau rau qua dat 451 trieu USD. Tuy nhien, chiing loai rau qua xuat khau it thay ddi, rau xuat khau la: khoai tay, khoai sg, cai bap, dua chudt, bi xanh, dau qim tuoi cac loai, hanh, tdi ; qua tuoi xuat khau la: chudi, xoai, diia, vai, nhan, thanh long, dira, ba, mang cyt, dua hau, Sdn phdm chdn nudi: Tai nhieu dia phuang, ngudi chan nudi gia siic, gia cam da chuyen ddi tir md hinh chan nudi nhd le sang md hinh chan nudi sach, chan nudi trang trai tap tnmg, quy md ldn. Nhiing trang trai chan nudi Ign sach duge xay dyng theo md hinh khep kin: toan bg chat thai cua trai Ign duge dua ra cac ham ii khi biogas de chay may phat dien phyc vy chilu sang cho trang trai va bom nudc tir gilng khoan de tlm cho Ign, ve sinh ehudng trai; khau phan an cua Ign su dyng cam vi sinh. Tuan thii diing quy trinh nay, dan Ign sach se it mac benh. Ngoai cac hd ndng dan ap dyng md hinh chan nudi Ign sach, cac cdng ty san xuat va ehl bien thye pham ciing da chii trgng chan nudi Ign sach nhlm phyc vy ngudi tieu dimg. Dien hinh la edng ty TNHH san xuat, thuomg mai va dieh vy Diic Viet; Tdng cdng ty Ndng nghiep Sai Gdn (S.A.I); Cdng ty chan nudi va ehl biln thuc phim Sai Gdn (Sagrifood); Tdng cdng ty thuang mai Ha Ngi (Hapro) Da cd nhieu doanh nghiep tham gia hgp tac cimg cac ho ndng dan xay dung cac trang trai chan nudi Ign sach cd quy md ldn nhu cdng ty TNHH phat triln mang ludi toan cau Nam Diing, cdng ty cd phan Thai Lan, cdng ty Thiic an chan nudi Cargill (My) Hien nay, cd khoang 60 nhan hieu trung gia dm duge ngudi tieu dimg thudng xuyen chgn mua. Trong dd, cac nhan hieu dan dau, la ngudn cung dp triing cho cac sieu thi va ciia hang thye pham cd uy tin, chu ylu tir Cdng ty Cd phln chan nudi CP VN, Cdng ty Cd phln VTnh Thanh Dat va Cdng ty Ba Huan Tat ca nhiing nha cung cap nay khi dua hang hda ra thi trudng deu cd giay chiing nhan kilm dieh eho cac Id hang va gily cdng bd chit lugng san phim dly du. Phln ldn cac san phim thit cua Viet Nam duge tieu thy tren thi trudng ngi dia, chi co mdt lugng nhd duge xult khIu (khoang 1%), hoan toan la san phim thit Ign, chu ylu xult sang Hdng Kdng. Tuy nhien, theo cac chuyen gia cho thay, nhin chung Viet Nam khdng co lgi the trong xult khIu thit Ign do chi phi gia thanh cua Viet Nam cao, chit lugng cdn thap va chua cd cac hiep dinh thii y vdi cac thi trudng ldn dk cd thl md dudng cho cac san phim ciia Viet Nam di vao. He sd Chi phi Ngudn lye ngi dia cua Viet Nam cdn rit cao (xip xi hoac Idn hon 1)', cd nghTa Viet Nam khdng ed lai khi xult khIu thit. Thiiy sdn: Viet Nam dang phat triln nganh thuy san theo hudng sach dl phyc vu xuat khau. Trong nudi trdng thuy san, ngay cang nhieu cac nha may va trai chan nudi sii dung san phim sinh hgc lam thiic an trong ' NguIn: CEG, " Tdc dpng tu do hod thuomg m?i d6i v6i ngdnh chdn nu6i Vi?t Nam Q 8(^42(7+8/2011) QUAN Lt KINH T£ PHAT TRigN BgN VONG THONG QUA PHAT TRI^N MOI TRUONG KINH DOANH VEMR nudi trdng thuy san dl cd duge san phim thuy san sach. Tuy vay, nudi trdng va danh bat thuy san cua nudc ta hien ciing dang dat ra nhieu van de can giai quyet, nhlt la cae van de lien quan den thuy san sach ciing nhu thuy san dam bao VSATTP Do chua kilm soat duge viing nudi ciing nhu qua trinh cham sde, so che, van chuyen thuy san nen tinh trang chiia tap chat va du lugng khang sinh, boa chat trong san pham thuy san cdn kha pho bien, anh hudng xau tdi chat lugng san pham xuat khau va tieu dimg trong nude. Trong nhiing nam qua, xuat khau thuy san eua Viet Nam ludn nam trong top 10 quoc gia cd kim ngach xuat khau cao nhat the gidi. Hlu hit, nhdm san phim thiiy san dat cac chiing chi ve mdi trudng deu phyc vy cho thi trudng xuat khau. Chat lugng thuy san tren thi trudng ndi dia chua duge kiem soat chat che. Gia tri xuat khau thuy san nam 2010 dat gin 5 ty USD. Nhu vdy, trong nhirng nam gan day, san pham than thien mdi trudng da budc diu phat trien d Viet Nam, dac biet la nhdm san pham mang lai lgi ich mdi trudng va nhu cau siic khde ciia ngudi tieu dimg nhu cac san pham tilt kiem nang lugng, rau qua sach, ca phe sach, cac san phim tai che nhu bao bi thye phim Thi trudng eac san pham xanh ngay cang md rdng tai cac thanh phd ldn do nhu clu tieu dimg xanh ngay cang cao ciia dan chiing. Tuy nhien, quy md phat trien san phim than thien mdi trudng edn nhd be, chua cd nhieu doanh nghiep Idn trong phat trien san pham than thien mdi trudng. Trong nhiing nam gin day, Viet Nam da cd nhilu chu truang chinh sach nham khuyen khich va tao mgi dilu kien dl khuyin khich cac doanh nghiep ap dyng phuang phap san xdt sach tao ra cac san phim than thien vdi mdi trudng. Tuy nhien, cac chinh sach khuyin khich phat triln san pham than thifn mdi trudng nhu cac uu dai ve thue, lai suat, dao tao nhan lyc chua rd ring va cy the, mang tinh dinh hudng la ehu ylu. He thdng cac tieu chuan ve san phim TTMT, quy trinh cap chiing nhan mdi trudng cho san phim chua hoan thien. Mdt nguyen nhan khae han ehl phat triln san pham than thien mdi trudng cua doanh nghiep la khd khan ve tai chinh, ngudn nhan lyc cho phat triln san phim TTMT. Cac dilu kien de phat trien thi trudng cac san phim than thien mdi trudng cdn thilu va chua hoan thien nhu co sd ha ting, cac quy dinh vl tieu chuan, cdng tac quang ba va xiic tiln thuang mai, quan ly thi trudng san phim than thien mdi trudng cdn bat cap Ngudi tieu dimg nudc ta vln chua that sy quan tam den cac san pham than thien mdi trudng do thdi quen tieu dimg va thu nhap thap. 3. Mot so giai phap De phat trien san pham xanh d nudc ta trong thdi gian tdi, tac giat xin de xuat mdt sd giai phap d tam vT md nhu sau: Xdy dung vd hodn thien he thdng cdc quy dinh, tieu chudn mdi trudng ddnh gid sdn phdm: Hoan thanh he thdng cap nhan ddi vdi cac san pham than thien mdi trudng; Phan loai eac chiing chi va nhan mdi trudng ddi vdi cac loai san pham TTMT; Khuyen khich phat triln cac to chiic cap nhan san pham TTMT ddc lap trong nudc. Khuyin khich ddu tu phdt trien cdc sdn phdm thdn thien mdi truang: Khuyin khich cae nha diu tu nude ngoai vao diu tu d Viet Nam; Lua chgn cac ITnh vyc uu tien de khuyin khich diu tu; Khuyin khich cac doanh nghiep trong nudc diu tu phat trien san phim thien mdi trudng; Da dang hda nguon vdn diu tu; Tang cudng nang lyc boat ddng cua cac quy mdi trudng cac cap cho phat trien san pham TTMT. Thuc ddy phdt triin khoa hoc cdng nghi phuc vu cho phdt triin sdn phdm thdn thien mdi truang: Tang cudng nang lyc cho cac td chiic nghien ciiu phat triln cdng nghe than thien mdi trudng, pac san phim than thien mdi trudng; Khuyin khich cac doanh QUAN Lt KINH if 8(^42 (7+8/2011) Q VEMR Mdl TRUlCfNG KINH DOANH PHAT TRI^N Bf N VONG THONG QUA PHAT TRiiN nghiep diu tu vao nghien ciiu ling dyng phat trien san pham TTMT. Cd chien luge dao tao ddi ngii nghien ciru ve phat trien san pham xanh. Tu nay din nam 2015, nen tap trung dau tu nghien ciiu eac ITnh vyc: ndng nghiep hiiu CO, vat lieu mdi, edng nghe sinh hgc, san pham tiet kiem nang lugng. Tgo lap cdc diiu kien phdt triin thi trudng sdn phdm thdn thien mdi truang: Hoan thien he thdng tieu chi danh gia san pham than thien mdi trudng, he thdng nhan mac ve san pham TTMT de phan biet san pham xanh vdi cac san pham khae khdng dat duge tieu chi nay. Khuyen khich xay dyng cac trung tam mua sam xanh, cac hdi chg trien lam hang sinh thai, san pham than thien mdi trudng. Hinh thanh Giai thudng ve san pham TTMT. Hoan thien he thdng ha tang thuang mai phyc vy cho viec phan phdi san pham xanh: thiet ke gian hang xanh, nhan mac xanh, phuang tien van tai xanh, kho bai xanh, khu chg xanh, sieu thi xanh Xay dyng va hoan thien cac cdng cy thi trudng trong viec khuyen khich thuang mai hda cac san pham xanh nhu chinh sach thue, phi, quy mdi trudng, trg elp Xay dyng he thdng co sd du lieu ve san pham xanh. Hinh thanh quy khen thudng xuat khau ddi vdi san pham xanh, doanh nghiep xanh. Xay dyng he thdng uu dai vl thul xuat nhap khau chi tiet cho timg nhdm hang/nganh hang/san pham xanh. Tang cudng cdng tac kiem soat thi trudng, phdng ehdng sy luu thdng hang gia, kem chat lugng. Khuyin khich tiiu diing xanh: Ban hanh chinh sach khuyen khich cac co quan thudc chinh phu thye hien mua sam cdng xanh. Khuyen khich ngudi dan mua sam xanh thdng qua cae chinh sach trg gia, uu dai vl gia phu hgp vdi cac quy dinh eua WTO; Kilm soat chat che viec san xuat va tieu thy eac san phim cd nguy ca gay d nhiem nhlm tao thi trudng edng bang cho phat trien san phim xanh. Phat dgng cac phong trao vl su dyng eac san pham than thien mdi trudng nhu phong trao tilt kiem nang lugng; ban ehl, tiln tdi chim dut sii dyng tiii ni-Idng khdng thl phan buy, - Ndng cao nhdn thuc cho nguai tieu diing vi BVMT sir dung sdn phdm TTMT: Tang cudng cdng tae tuyen truyin giao due thdng qua cac phuang tien thdng tin dai chiing vl viee thay ddi cac thdi quen tieu dung khdng bin viing. Xay dyng cac cdng hdi dap vl san phim than thien mdi trudng. Phdi hgp vdi eac nha phan phdi ban le trong viee dinh hudng tieu dung cho khach hang thdng qua cac chiln luge tuyen truyen, quang ba tai diem ban hang. Tang cudng cdng tac chuyen gia thdng qua viec md rdng cac chuang trinh tilp xiic vdi khach hang eua cac nha chuyen mdn cd uy tin, tao Idng tin cho khach hang trong viec mua sam san phim xanh. Tdng cudmg hgp tdc qudc te trong chuyin giao cdng nghi vd nghiin ciru trien khai phdt minh sdng che sdn phdm thdn thien mdi truang. Day manh hgp tac qudc te trong ITnh vyc nghien ciiu, thilt kl cac san pham xanh, trudc hit la eac san phim ndng nghep va nang lugng. Khuyen khich viec hinh thanh cac tnmg tam nghien cuu lien doanh giiia cac CO sd nghien cuu trong nudc va cae td chiic nghien ciiu nudc ngoai. Dly manh hgp tac trong ITnh vyc dao tao ngudn nhan lye. Gui cac bd di dao tao nang cao kiln thiic t?i cac nudc cd nen cdng nghiep xanh phat trien. Nang cao ca sd vat chit ky thuat va cac dilu kien uu dai cho cac vien, trudng, cac trung tam nghien ciiu khoa hgc thdng qua viec keu ggi cac dy an dau tu, tai trg nudc ngoai trong viec ho trg nang cao nang luc, phdi hgp nghien ciiu. Hd trg doanh nghiep: Nha nudc can ban hanh cac chinh sach thilt thuc ho trg doanh nghiep trong diu tu ddi mdi cdng Q Sfii 42 (7+8/2011) QUAN Lt KINH T£ PHAT TRif N Bf N VONG THONG QUA PHAT TRI^N. Mdl TRUftNG KINH DOANH VEMR nghe, nghien cuu ap dyng cac quy trinh san xult sach ban, xay dyng thuang hieu, chung dp thdng tin thi trudng va xiic tiln thuang mai, dao tao ngudn nhan lyc TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bd Tai Nguyen va Mdi trudng (2003), Chiin luge bdo vi mdi truang qudc gia den ndm 2010 vd dinh hudng din ndm 2020", www.monre.gov.vn. Vien Nghien ciiu thuong mai (2008), Diiu tra, ddnh gid vd di xudt gidi phdp thuang mgi hda cdc sdn phdm thdn thien mdi trudng a Viet Nam, Nhiem vy bao ve mdi trudng dp Bd, Bd Cdng Thuong. Vien Nghien ciiu Thuang mai (2009), Dinh hudng phdt triin sdn phdm xanh d Viet Nam, Nhiem vy bao ve mdi trudng dp Bd, Bd Cdng Thuong. Thii tudng Chinh phu (2006), Quylt djnh sd 79/2006/QD-TTg ngay 14/4/2006 vl phe duyet Chuang trinh myc tieu qudc gia ve sir dyng nang lugng tilt kiem va hieu qua giai doan den nam 2010. QUAN Lt KINH Tf SO 42 (7+8/2011) Q . PHAT TRI^N B^N VCfNG THONG QUA PHAT TRI^N Mfll TRU&NG KINH DOANH {j^\ PHAT TRI^N KINH T^ B^N VOfNG THONG QUA PHAT TRI^N cAc SAN PHAM. cac san phim chu yeu nhu QUAN Lt KINH le S(li42 (7+8/2011) 01 VEMR MOI TRl/dNG KINH DOANH PHAT TRI^N Btn VONG THONG QUA PHAT TRI^N nang lugng