TRIET HQC, S 10 (317), THANG 10-2017 ( GlA TRI vA sCrC SONG B^N VOfNG COA C H O NGHTA M A C - L § ^ j C H N G CHlf NGHIA CA NHAN - M T Ndi DUNG C T IDI TRONG TU TUdNG DAO DlfC CACH MANG CUA H CHI MINH I r a n Hong Lini^ ' TiSn sT, Trudng B^ hpc Kinh te Di Ning Email: hongluu2009@gmatl.com Nhin ngiy 25 thing nim 2017 Chip nhin ding ngiy 26 thing nim 2017 Tom tdt: Tfl vipe chdt Ipc nhihig tinh tdy tu tudng dgo dflc nhan logi Ho Chi Minh sdm nhan thdy chu nghta ca nhan la ke thu ciia nin dgo dflc mdi Ngudi da danh rdt nhiiu cdng siic dl phe phan chii nghta ca nhdn, coi nd la nguyen nhdn ca ban lam bang hogi dgo dflc ngudi, li ke thii nim chinh cdc can bd, ddng vien de tgo Igp nin dgo dflc each mgng lam chd dya vflng chic cho chl dp mdi CuOc ddu tranh ching chu nghia ca nhan la hit siic gay go, phflc tgp, co y nghia quyit djnh sy thinh bgi cua che dd ta Tu tudng Ho Chi Minh ve dgo dflc cdeh mgng, la kim chi nam dinh hudng dgo dflc cho dOi ngii can bp, dang vien nude ta hipn Tii- kh6a: Ho Chi Minh, chu nghta ca nhdn, ching chu nghta ca nhan, dgo dflc, dao dflc mdi Dd ggt rfla tu tudng dgo dflc cu, tgo Igp nen mdng ciia che dg mdi, tat yeu phdi chong chu nghta cd nhan - mgt ttong nhimg nguyen nhdn co bdn lam ndy sinh nhiing thdi ndt, hfl bai, ngdn cdn su tiin bg, tfl mdi cd the xdy dyng nen dao dflc mdi - dgo dflc cdeh mang, Idm ndng cIt dl xdy dyng ehe dg mdi Chinh vi thi, Hd Chi Minh eho rdng, muln phdt triin ngudi vl m^t dgo due, nhdt thilt phdi tiin hdnh cugc ddu tranh rgng ldn vd kidn quyit chdng ehfl nghia cd nhan, lam cho moi ngudi Vi^t Nam hilu dugc sy nguy hgi cfla nd dli vdi sy tiin bg cfla ban than cimg nhu sy phat 26 triin cfla xa hgi Do dd, Ngirdi dd tap trung nhiiu tdm sflc cho vipe phd phan ehfl nghia ca nhdn - kd thfl nguy hiem cfla chfl nghia xd hOi bdng nhiiu bai viet va bdi ndi quan trgng, kl ca trude Iflc di xa tiong Di chuc Trong tdm khdm cfla Ngudi, tript dl logi bd chfl nghta ed nhdn la mdt ttong nhung edn elt dd xdy dung nen dgo dflc mdi Nhihig phdn tieh dudi ddy cho thdy sy ttdn ttd cfla Ngudi ttong vi$c phd phdn dl di din logi bd chfl nghta cd nhdn cd vai ttd to Idn nhu the nao dli vdi vipe xdy dyng ehe dg mdi Theo Ho Chi Minh, ehfl nghta cd nhdn Id "vi$c gi cung chi lo Igi ich cho ridng minh TRAN HONG LUXJ khdng quan tam din lgi ich cua tap thd Mien Id minh beo, mde thidn hg gdy" [9, tt.306] Dd Id tdm thi "tij tu ty Igi, ehi nghi den Igiridngcfla minh, khdng chdm lo vi^c chung" va hon thi, "luc tinh todn cdng vipe, thi ddt lgi ieh cfla cd nhdn minh, ciia nhdm minh Idn trdn lgi ieh chung" [6, tt.509] Vdi quan nidm nhu vdy vd chfl nghta cd nhdn, Hd Chi Minh da chi ro dgc trung cfla nd Id: "Lam vide gi ciing thieu kidn quyit Lue vui himg Idn thi lam Ndu g^p ttd nggi hay thdt bgi thi Ifli Vi khdng kidn quyit nen de lung lay" [7, tt.34]; "kem tinh thdn trach nhipm, khdng chap hanh dung dudng lii, ehinh sach cfla Ddng, eiia Nha nude, Iam hgi den Igi ich cfla each mgng, cfla nhan ddn" Ndi ggn lgi: "Chfl nghta ea nhdn ttdi ngugc vdi dao due edch mgng" Tfl dd, Ngudi khdng dinh: "Cai gi ttai vdi dao due edch mang deu la chfl nghta cd nhan" [8, tt.448] tieudiptn6"[8,tt.292] Ho Chi Minh eho rang, mudn tiin hdnh ddu tranh ehdng chfl nghta ca nhan cd hidu qua, trude hdt phai hieu rd nhirng nguydn nhdn ndo dd ldm ndy nd "gi§e ngi xdm" eye kj' nguy hiem Theo Ngudi, nguyen nhdn dd Id chiu dnh hudng xdu xa cua nhiing tu tudng, thdi quen, loi sdng lae hgu xd hgi thugc dia nua phong kiin Ngudi vidt: "Sinh trudng xa hgi cu, chiing ta ciing mang ttong minh hode nhieu ho^c it vdtti'ehxdu xa cfla x3 hpi dd ve tu tudng, vl thdi quen Vlt tich xdu nhdt va nguy hiem nhat cfla xd hdi eu Id ehfl nghta ca nhdn" [8,tt.283];hon the nua, "vi dd Idu, chflng ta sinh trudng dudi chd nd I^ cfla thyc dan vd phong kidn, bi van hda, giao dye thyc ddn vd phong kien tham vdo da sdu Nd dd ldm cho nhidu ngudi td md qudn ed nhan dan, quen ed Td qudc Nd da lam cho nhiing bdnh thdi nat va hu bgi (nhu Hd Chi Minh cdn chi dich danh chfl chu nghta ca nhdn, ty tu ty Igi, tham d lang nghta ed nhdn la thu "benh me" de nhidu phi ) dn sau vao ngudi nhu nhung thfl "bfnh eon" rdt nguy hiem, nhu tham d, bpnh kinh nidn" [7, tt.83] Iang phi, ich ky, ludi bilng, kieu ngao, Trong dd, vide gido dye Iy tudng dgo hilu danh, cdng thdn, dia vi, thilu ky Iu|t, dflc each mgng, bdi duong vd nang cao tinh de hpp hdi, dc dia phuong, dc Idnh ty than tap thi, ndng lyc lam chfl eho dang [Xem: 6, tr.509] vd cac t^ nan "quan lieu, vien vd nhdn dan chua ddp flng dugc ddi ldm cho qua chuypn, ham chuOng hinh hdi cua thuc tiin d thdi dilm bude ngodt thfle", V.V Vi thi, "nd Id thfl vi trflng rdt cfla each mang Vidt Nam H I Chi Minh chi dOc" [6, tr.255]; "la mgt thu rdt gian xdo, rd: "Tfl cdeh mgngtiidngTdm thdnh edng, xao quy^t", bdi "nd khdo ddnh ngudi ta chflng ta mdi thoat khdi vflng tii tdm bude di xuing die Ma cimg bilt rdng di ldn dudng sang sfla Nhung, tfl cho tii bude xudng ddc thi de hon len die Vi thd cdng sang ch5 sang khdng khdi ed ngudi hoa nguy hilm" Tii do, Ngudi xac dinh: "Chu mdt, chodng vdng Tfl dja vi nd Id bude len nghta cd nhdn la mgt ke dich ae cua dia vi ehu nhdn khdng khdi cd ngudi chua chfl nghia xd hOi Ngudi cdeh mgng phdi quen ganh vdc, chua hilu minh Id ngudi 27 CH6NG CHU NGHIA CA NHAN ehfl gdnh vdc tirach nhipm, thidu ldng tm" [7, ti.84] Hon nfla, "cho din sy gido due cfla Ddng vd Chmh phfl cdn nhidu thilu sdt", chua khde phyc dugc tridt dl 'Hhdi Idm thud, thilu tmh thdn ldm chu", "chua bd hit nhflng thdi xdu ty tu ty lgi, kieu nggo, xa hoa ", "vi nhung le dd ma edn bO cdn mac khuydt dilm" [7, tt.84] Theo Hd Chi Minh, nguydn nhdn ddn din chfl nghta cd nhdn cdn Id mdt bd phgn can b0, ddng vidn vd nhdn dan thieu tinh thdn ty gide rdn luydn, tu dudng va cd gdng nang cao dao dflc cdeh mgng cho bdn thdn v l vdn dl ndy, Ngudi viit: "Cdn cd mdt sl it cdn bO, ddng vidn md dao dflc, phdm chdt edn thdp kem" "hg khdng ed tinh thdn c l gdng vuon len, khdng cUu hgc tgp dh tien bp" [10, tt.439], "hp khdng CO dung each mgng, it lo nght v l trach nhi§m cfla minh, khdng quyit tam vuon Idn phia trude", "khdng ed gdng tiin bO", "nggi cdng vi^c khd, khdng chiu hgc tap"; "quen tac phong gian khd phdn ddu" Hgu qud Id "ddn ddn tinh thdn dau ttanh va tinh tieh cyc cfla hg bi sut kem, chi anh dung vd phdm chat tot dep cfla ngudi each mgng eung sut kdm", "dan dan hg mat ca tu edch vd dao dflc ngudi edch mgng, sa vdo tham d, hu bgi vd biln thdnh ngudi cd tOi vdi Ddng, vdi Chinh phfl, vdi nhdn ddn" [7, tt.569] Vdi nhflng nguyen nhan dd, Hd Chi Minh cho rdng, cugc ddu ttanh ching ehfl nghta ed nhdn d m5i ngudi vd todn x3 h$i Id hit sflc khd khdn, gian khi, lau ddi va phiic tap, bdi ke tiiu ndm mSi 28 ngudi, mSi can bg, ddng vidn ma "chiing ta lai khdng thd ttdn dp nd, ma phdi cdi tao nd mgt edch rdt edn thdn, rdt chiu khd, rdt Idu ddi", ty mi, kien tri nhu vide "phdi tdm rfla Idu mdi sach" [6, tt.263] Vi till, tiieo Ngudi, "dl ngan ngfla edi xdu dy, Ddng ta tii tten din dudi phdi chfl trgng gido dye dgo dflc edch mang, tang eudng tinh than ednh giac, md rdng ty phe binh va phe binh", ma "muln ggt rfla sach nhung vdt tich xau xa cfla xd hdi cu, mudn ren luydn dgo dflc each mang, thi chflng ta phdi sflc hgc tap, tu dudng, ty cdi tgo d l tidn bd mdi" [8, ti.284] Ddi vdi Ho Chi Minh, vide hge tap mdt edch tieh cue, diing ddn se giup moi ngudi Vi^t Nam nang cao hieu biet vd sy nghiep cdeh mgng cfla Ddng va dan tgc Dd Id "sy nghiap gian nan cyc khd, phdi ed ldng kidn quyit, cd chi hy sinh", phdi Iudn "vi cdng vd tu giii chfl nghta cho vung, hy sinh, it ldng ham muln vdt chdt" [1, tt.l6] Cd hieu rd dieu thi mSi ngudi tham gia vdo sy nghipp cao ed nhung cflng ddy gian khd, hy sinh ndy mdi ty gide eing hiin, ty nguydn ddt lgi ich cfla Ddng, cfla nhdn ddn ttdn Igi ich cfla bdn thdn, mdi ed y thfle that sy ddu ttanh chong thu "giac bdn tiong" cyc ky nguy hilm Id ehu nghia cd nhdn, gdp phdn hodn thidn vd nang cao phdm chdt dao dflc cfla ngudi edch mgng Muln ddy Ifli vd xda bd ehfl nghia cd nhdn, moi can bg, ddng vidn va cdc tang Idp nhdn dan phai thudng xuyen ren luypn, trau dli phdm chdt dgo dflc Dd chinh Id quan dilm CO ban cfla H i Chi Minh ttong qua trinh ehi dgo cugc ddu tranh ching "tiifl cd dgi" va xdy dyng "nhflng eon ngudi xd TRAN HONG LUU hdi chfl nghia", "con ngudi phdi di din hodn todn khdng cd ehfl nghta cd nhan" [8, tt.448] Theo Ngudi, dgo diic edeh mang eua moi ngudi khdng ty nhidn md ed, nd la ket qua eiia qud trinh "ddu tianh, ren luydn ben bi hdng md phat triin vd cflng ed Cflng nhu nggc cdng mdi cdng sang, vang edng luydn edng trong"; "mudn ren luypn dao dflc each mang thi chflng ta phai sfle hgc tap, tu dudng ty cai tao dh tiin bd mdi" Ngudi cho rdng, vide rdn luypn dao due each mgng d moi ngudi phdi duge tien hanh mdt each lien tye, "vi nhu rfla mdt thi phdi nia hdng ngdy" [8, tr.448] Do Id each ed hidu qua nhdt dd ndng eao dgo dflc each mang, quet sgch chfl nghta ca nhdn ttong can bO, ddng vidn vd nhan dan Tidn hdnh ty phd binh vd phd binh mgt edeh thdng than, trung thye vd trdn tinh than dong ehi, theo Hd Chi Minh, Id bidn phdp vd cflng quan ttgng va cd y nghta thiet thuc dh ching chfl nghta ca nhdn Cling cd vd phdt triin dgo dflc mdi cho moi ngudi Viet Nam Phd binh la ndu uu didm vd chi nhugc didm cfla dong chi minh Ty phe binh la neu uu dilm va nhugc dilm cfla chinh minh Qua trinh ndy phdi di ddi vdi mdi cd tac dyng Myc dich Id lam cho mgi ngudi hgc tap uu didm cfla vd giup sua chOa khuylt diem Dd Id vil sdc ben d l giup can bO, ddng vidn va nhan ddn "sua chfla khuyet diem, phdt triin uu dilm, tidn bO khdng ngimg" Hd Chi Minh eoi vi§e cd khuyet dilm md khdng ty phd binh va phd binh diing ddn thi "nhidu khuylt didm nhd cdng lai thdnh khuylt dilm to, nd sd rat cd hai cho cdng tdc"; han niia, nlu "khdng eluu ty phe binh, ty ehi trich thi khdng bao gid tdn tdi duge" [5, tt.26] Ngudi each mgng chdn chinh khdng sg phd binh, ludn mong mudn ddng chi, dong bdo phd binh minh vd ban than thudng xuyen vd nghidm ehinh ty phd bhih Cdn "chu nghTa ed nhdn khdng ddm ty phd binh, khdng mudn ngudi ta phd binh mmh, khdng kidn quyit sfla chfla Vi v^y md thoai bg, ehfl khdng phdi la tiin bd" [8, tt.556] Thyc tiin each mang Viet Nam da chflng minh, d nai ndo phd binh va ty phe binh lang xuing thi d dd, ehu nghta ca nhdn ed dilu kien phdt ttiln Tfl vipe tiip thu, ehdt Igc ede tu tudng dgo dufc nhan logi, tfl hidn thuc Viet Nam, hieu bilt sdu sde eon ngudi Vidt Nam va cdn cfl vao nhidm vu cy thd dgt ttong sy nghiep giai phdng ddn tgc, giai phdng xd h^i Vi^t Nami Hd Chi Minh khdng dinh: Dao diic cdeh mang, dao dflc xd hdi ehfl nghta la "goc" Id ndn tang, la phdm chdt hdng dau lam nen nhdn each todn ven cfla ngudi ttong ehl mdi Cdn tri thfle khoa hgc ty nhidn, khoa hgc xa hdi, khoa hgc ky thudt - edng nghe, hay tdi ndng cfla eon ngudi chi dugc phdt triin bin vflng ttdn CO sd, nin tang dao dflc mdi hi^n dgi Cd tdi ma khdng ed dflc thi Idnh dgo nghe Vide phe phdn sau sdc chfl nghta cd nhdn, coi nd Id "bpnh gdc" gdy sy bdng hoai dgo dflfc xa h^i, ttdn co sd cdi biln cdc khdi nipm dgo dflc Nho gido theo quan diem mdcxit chinh la vide tgo lap nen tang dgo dflc mdi, Iam cho dya eho Ddng ta xdy dyng dgi ngu can bd cd dflc, cd tai, dfl sflc 29 C H N G CHU NGHiA CA NHAN gdnh vdc cdc ttgng trdeh to ldn md dan tgc Vipt Nam ttao eho Phuang Ddng dd tgo lap nhidu tugng ddi mau mye vl dgo due, tii Phdt Thich Ca din Khdng Tfl Cdi vt dai d Hd Chi Minh ehinh la khde hga them m$t tugng ddi mdi vd dgo dflc tidn co sd kd thura vd cdi biln, thdu thai, tdng hgp nhihig tinh hoa cfla ede tu tudng dgo dflc Dong, Tdy dd tgo ndn nen dgo dflc mdi dgo dflc each mgng Hd Chi Minh, Idm hinh mau, didm tya, soi chieu eho mgi cdng ttong hogt dgng cfla Ddng ta, nhu y tudng cfla Ngudi v l mOt chinh ddng dgo dac, vdn minh Nhiing phan tich vd phe phan quyet lipt chfl nghta ca nhan tten day cfla Ho Chi Minh van mang tfnh thdi su vd cdn nguydn y nghta ttong vi^e xay dyng ndn dgo dflc mdi d nude ta, kl cd dgo dflc eho dOi ngu dang vien Nlu nhu trude day Ho Chi Minh ednh bao "cdn ed mgt sd it cdn bg, ddng vien ma dao dflc, phdm chdt edn thdp kem" [10, tt.438], thi hipn Dang ta da ehi dich danh: "Tinh ttang suy thodi v l chinh tri, ^^ tudng, dao dflc, ldi sdng ttong mdt bp phdn khdng nhd can bd, dang vien va tinh ttgng tham nhflng, ldng phi, quan lieu, nhOng tidu cyc vd t§ ngn xd hgi chua dugc ngdn chdn, ddy Ifli ma cdn tidp tyc diln bien phflc tgp, cflng vdi sy phdn hda gidu ngheo va sy ydu kdm ttong qudn Iy, dieu hdnh cfla nhieu cdp, nhidu nganh lam giam long tin cua nhdn ddn ddi vdi Dang va Nhd nude, de dga sy on dinh, phdt tridn cfla ddt nude" [2, tt 173], Ddc bi^t, Nghi quyit Trung uang khda XI da nhgn dinh: "Mgt bg phan khdng nhd 30 cdn bg, dang vidn, ttong dd cd nhflng dang vidn gifl vj tri lanh dao, qudn Iy, ke cd mgt sd cdn bg cao cap, suy thodi ve tu tudng ehinh trj, dgo dflc, Idi sdng vdi nhiing bieu hien khdc vl sy phai nhgt 1^ tudng, sa vdo chfl nghta ed nhan ich ky, ca hdi, thyc dyng, chgy theo danh lgi, tiin tai, ken eya dia vi, cue bd, tham nhiing, lang phi, tfly tien, vd nguyen tdc " [3, tt.21] Hon thi nfla, tinh trang ndy "lam gidm sflt long tin cfla nhdn dan dli vdi Ddng; nlu khdng dugc sfla chfla se la thach thfle dli vdi vai tid Idnh dgo cfla Dang vd sy tdn vong cfla ehl dd" [3, tt.22] Do vgy, Trung uong Ddng yeu cdu phdi "kidn quyit ddu ttanh ngdn eh$n, ddy Ifli tinh ttgng suy thoai ve tu tudng chinh tri, dgo dflc, lii sing cua mdt bd phgn khdng nhd can bg, dang vidn, trude hit Id cdn bg lanh dao, qudn 1;^ ede cap dc ndng cao ndng lyc lanh dgo, sfle chien ddu eua Ddng, cflng cd nidm tin cfla ddng vidn vd cfla nhan ddn ddi vdi Dang" [3, tr.26] Vdn ki?n Dgi hgi XII cua Dang mgt ldn nfla chi ro: "Tinh ttgng suy thodi vd tu tudng chinh tri, dgo due, lii sing cua mOt bg phdn khdng nhd can bd, dang vidn chua bi day Ifli; cd mdt, cd bg phdn cdn dien bidn phflc tgp hon" [4, tt.l85] Nghi quyit Trung ucmg khda XII cfla Ddng mdi day da ehi ro hem bidu hi|n mdi cfla chu nghta cd nhdn dang ldm bdng hogi dgo dflc xa hgi Dd la: Sy suy thodi vl dao dflc, loi song the hi$n it cho: Sdng ich kf thyc dyng, CO h$i, vu Igi, ham danh, tham nhflng, ham quyin lyc; be phdi, cyc b$, mdt dodn kit, quan Iidu, xa ddn, vd cdm trude nhiing bflc xuc cua nhan ddn T R A N HONG LUU Mgt bg phgn khdng nhd can bg, dang vidn xa rdi Iy tudng edch mgng, Idm mdt ldng tin cfla nhdn dan Nhflng hdnh vi tham nhung, tu tfli vi lgi ich cd nhdn va phe nhdm, gia dinh dien d cdc bd, ngdnh, tinh, huypn, thdm chi Ian din cd cap xa dd vd dang Idm bdng hogi hinh dnh ngudi edn bg, ngudi ddng vidn cgng sdn Vi the, vipe chdng ehfl nghta ca nhdn theo tinh than dgo dflc Hd Chi Minh van la cugc ddu tranh lau ddi, gian khd ddi hdi su kiin tri vd quyit li$t cfla toan Ddng, todn dan ta, nhdm dgt din f nguydn chay bdng eua Hd Chi Minh Id ddo tao nhiing chien st each mang Vidt Nam "kien eudng", "nhflng ngudi thira kl xdy dyng chfl nghta xa hgi vfla hdng, vfla ehuyen", dfl khd ndng, ndng lye dua ddt nude vugt qua nhiing thfl thdch hiem ngheo, ddm bao cho sy trudng ton vd phat trien viing ehae cfla dan tgc Vipt Nam ta Chdng chfl nghta cd nhdn cd thi coi la cdt tu tudng dgo dvtc Hd Chi Mmh Chmh vi thi, suit ed eudc ddi, Ngudi da danh rdt nhiiu tam sfle dd bdn ve ehfl nghta ed nhdn, kidn quydt tim edeh logi bd thfl dge hgi dd de ldm ttong sgch dgi ngu can bg, dang vidn Mgt chinh dang ttong sgch, viing mgnh, ed dao dflc, ed tri thfle, ed van hda Id cho dya vung ehdc de nude ta cd thi tiin nhanh din myc tidu ddn giau, nude mgnh, ddn chfl, cdng bdng, van minh nhu mong mudn cfla Ngudi Trude nhiing diln biln phflc tgp ve vdn dl lgi ich ed nhdn, lgi ieh nhdm, lgi ieh ddng hg dang ldm bdng hoai dgo dflc xd hdi ta, Iam mdt nilm tin cfla nhdn ddn doi vdi m§t bg phgn khdng nhd edn bg, dang vidn, k l ed ngudi cd chflc, cd quydn, vipe rdn luydn, hgc tap theo tam guong dgo diic Ho Chi Minh da vd dang duge tiiin khai rOng khdp ca nude Ddu tranh ching chu ngbta ca nhdn ttong tu tudng dgo dflc H I Chi Minh van cdn giu nguydn tuih thdi sy, hon thi cdn cd tinh quyit dinh sy t i n vong cfla Nha nude ta vd Dang ta hidn Thdm nhuan vd chuyin hda vide chdng chfl nghta ca nhdn ttong tu tudng dgo dflc Ho Chi Mmh phdi dugc tidn hanh thudng xuydn vd Iidn tye todn Dang, todn ddn nghj ldn thii tu Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang Tai Iidu tham khao [ 1] Ding COng sin Vi^t Nam (2002), Van kiin Bdng todn tgp, 1.1, Nxb Chinh tti Qu6c gia, Hi NOi [2] Ding Cpng sin Vift Nam (2011), VSn kiin Dgi hdi dgi biiu todn quoc ldn thU XI, Nxb Chfnh trj Qu6c gia, Hi Npi [3] Ding COng san Vi§t Nam (2012), Van kiin Hqi khda XI, Nxb Chfnh trj Quoc gia H i NOi [4] Dang COng sin Vift Nam (2016), Vdn kiin Dgi hgi dgi bieu loan qudc ldn thu XII, V3n ph6ng Trung uong Dang, H i Npi [5] H6 Chf Minh (2002), Todn tgp t.4, Nxb Chinh ttj Quoc gia H i NOi [6] HO Chf Minh (2002), Todn tgp, t.5, Nxb Chfnh ttj Quoc gia, Hi NOi [7J Hh Chf Minh (2002), Todn tgp, t , Nxb Chfnh tti QuAc gia, Hi NOi [8] H i Chl Minh (2002), Todn tgp t.9, Nxb Chlnh trj Quic gia, H i NOi [91 Ho Chf Minh (2002), Todn tgp t.l0, Nxb Chfnh tti Quoc gia H i NOi [10] H Chf Minh (2002), Todn tgp t.l2, Nxb Chfnh ttj Quic gia, Hi NOi 31 ... todn cdng vipe, thi ddt lgi ieh cfla cd nhdn minh, ciia nhdm minh Idn trdn lgi ieh chung" [6, tt.509] Vdi quan nidm nhu vdy vd chfl nghta cd nhdn, Hd Chi Minh da chi ro dgc trung cfla nd Id: "Lam... uong Dang, H i Npi [5] H6 Chf Minh (2002), Todn tgp t.4, Nxb Chinh ttj Quoc gia H i NOi [6] HO Chf Minh (2002), Todn tgp, t.5, Nxb Chfnh ttj Quoc gia, Hi NOi [7J Hh Chf Minh (2002), Todn tgp, t ,... QuAc gia, Hi NOi [8] H i Chl Minh (2002), Todn tgp t.9, Nxb Chlnh trj Quic gia, H i NOi [91 Ho Chf Minh (2002), Todn tgp t.l0, Nxb Chfnh tti Quoc gia H i NOi [10] H Chf Minh (2002), Todn tgp t.l2,