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Đây là bộ sách tiếng anh về chuyên ngành vật lý gồm các lý thuyết căn bản và lý liên quan đến công nghệ nano ,công nghệ vật liệu ,công nghệ vi điện tử,vật lý bán dẫn. Bộ sách này thích hợp cho những ai đam mê theo đuổi ngành vật lý và muốn tìm hiểu thế giới vũ trụ và hoạt độn ra sao.
[...]... [10, 11, 12] However, we will not understand clearly the significance of the analyses of TEM waves, including Eqs (1.13), (1.15), (1.17a) and (1.17b), without demonstrating some practical applications Therefore, in this section we will present four applications of the analysis of TEM waves The applications will not only illustrate the significance of this method, but will also lead to results which are basic... conditions are the continuity of U and the normal derivative of U across the dielectric discontinuity boundary In this section, we have defined the equation governing U and discussed the approximations involved when we use it In the first two chapters of this book, we will accept the scalar wave equation and learn how to solve for U in various applications of laser radiation We could always solve for U for each... Propagation of modes in parallel waveguides – the coupled modes and the super-modes 4.3.1 Modes in two uncoupled parallel waveguides 4.3.2 Analysis of two coupled waveguides based on modes of individual waveguides 4.3.3 The directional coupler, viewed as coupled individual waveguide modes 4.3.4 Directional coupling, viewed as propagation of super-modes 4.3.5 Super-modes of two coupled non-identical waveguides... analysis of optical fields in structures such as optical waveguides and single-mode fibers, Maxwell’s vector wave equations with appropriate boundary conditions are used Such analyses are important and necessary for applications in which we need to know the detailed characteristics of the vector fields known as the modes of these structures They will be discussed in Chapters 3 and 4 For devices with structures... would be the case when we solve the equation by numerical methods However, we would also like to have an analytical expression for U in a homogeneous medium when its value is known at some boundary surface The well known method used to obtain U in terms of its known value on some boundary is the Green’s function method, which is derived and discussed in Section 1.3 1.3 Green’s function and Kirchhoff’s... path of such optical rays Examples include modal dispersion in multimode fibers and lidars The analyses of ray optics are fairly simple; they are discussed in many optics books and articles [1, 2] They are also known as geometrical optics They will not be presented in this book We will first learn what is meant by a scalar wave equation in Section 1.2 In Section 1.3, we will learn mathematically how the... interesting to note that when a plane wave (microwave) is incident on a metal screen with a rectangular opening, the solution of the Maxwell equation for that problem will be the precise solution of the diffraction problem that we have just solved However, we will include the radiation field caused by the induced 18 Wave equations and diffraction of laser radiation x incident spherical wave (x0, y0, z0) (x,... lens) which are often of little or no significance to practical applications In these cases we look for a simple analysis which can give us just the main features (i.e the amplitude and phase) of the dominant component of the electromagnetic field in directions close to the direction of propagation and at distances reasonably far away from the aperture When one deals with laser radiation fields which... boundary, i.e the z = 0 plane However, this Green’s function is seldom used Therefore, we will not discuss it further It is most important to note that, in principle, if we substitute the true U and ∇U into any one of the integrals using G, G1 or G2 , we should get the same answer However, we do not know the true U and ∇U because we have not yet solved Eq (1.3) For Eqs (1.12) and (1.13), it is customary... in its direction of polarization when the polarization is approximately constant (i.e |U| varies slowly within a distance comparable to the wavelength) From a different point of view, when we use the scalar wave equation, we have implicitly assumed that the curl equations in Maxwell’s equations do not yield a sufficient magnitude of electric field components in other directions that will affect significantly . print format - - - - - - - - - - © Cambridge University Press 2005 2005 Information on this title: www.cambrid g e.or g. OPTICS Principles of Lasers and Optics describes both the fundamental principles of lasers and the propagation and application of laser radiation in bulk and guided wave