www.it-ebooks.info Oracle Database Performance and Scalability www.it-ebooks.info Quantitative Software Engineering Series The Quantitative Engineering Series focuses on the convergence of systems engi- neering with emphasis on quantitative engineering trade-off analysis. Each title brings the principles and theory of programming in-the-large and industrial strength software into focus. This practical series helps software developers, software engineers, systems engi- neers, and graduate students understand and benefit from this convergence through the unique weaving of software engineering case histories, quantitative analysis, and technology into the project effort. You will find each publication reinforces the series goal of assisting the reader with producing useful, well-engineered software systems. Series Editor: Lawrence Bernstein Professor Bernstein is currently an Industry Research Professor at the Stevens Institute of Technology. He previously pursued a distinguished executive career at Bell Laboratories. He is a fellow of the IEEE and ACM. Trustworthy Systems for Quantitative Software Engineering / Larry Bernstein and C.M. Yuhas Software Measurement and Estimation: A Practical Approach / Linda M. Laird and M. Carol Brennan World Wide Web Application Engineering and Implementation / Steven A. Gabarro Software Performance and Scalability / Henry H. Liu Managing the Development of Software-Intensive Systems / James McDonald Trustworthy Compilers / Vladimir O. Safonov Oracle Database Performance and Scalability: A Quantitative Approach / Henry H. Liu Enterprise Software Architecture and Design: Entities, Services and Resources / Dominic Duggan quantitative software eng new cp_quantitative software eng cp.qxd 8/11/2011 12:06 PM Page 1 www.it-ebooks.info Oracle Database Performance and Scalability A Quantitative Approach Henry H. Liu www.it-ebooks.info Copyright Ó 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 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QA76.9.D3L5945 2012 005.75’65–dc23 2011017552 Printed in the United States of America oBook ISBN: 978-1-118-13553-2 ePDF ISBN: 978-1-118-13549-5 ePub ISBN: 978-1-118-13551-8 eMobi ISBN: 978-1-118-13550-1 10987654321 www.it-ebooks.info To My Family www.it-ebooks.info www.it-ebooks.info Contents PREFACE xxv Why This Book / xxv Who This Book is For / xxvi How This Book is Organized / xxvii Software and Hardware / xxviii How to Use This Book / xxix How to Reach The Author / xxxi ACKNOWLEDGMEN TS xxxiii INTRODUCTION 1 Features of Oracle / 2 Objectives / 4 Conventions / 5 Performance versus Scalability / 6 PART 1 GETTING STAR TED WITH ORACLE 7 1 Basic Concepts 9 1.1 Standard versus Flavored SQLS / 10 1.2 Relational versus Object-Oriented Databases / 11 vii www.it-ebooks.info 1.3 An Instance versus a Database / 11 1.4 Summary / 12 Recommended Reading / 12 Exercises / 12 2 Installing Oracle Software 14 2.1 Installing Oracle 11g Server So ftware / 15 2.2 Configuring a Listener / 18 2.3 Creating an Oracle Database / 18 2.4 Installing Oracle 11g Client Software / 28 2.5 Oracle Grid Control versus DB Control / 31 2.6 Summary / 33 Recommended Reading / 33 Exercises / 33 3 Options for Accessing an Oracle Server 34 3.1 A Command Line Interface (CLI) versus a GUI-Based Console / 35 3.2 The Oracle Enterprise Manager Java Console (OEMJC) / 37 3.3 Using the SQL Ã Plus Tool / 40 3.4 Oracle Enterprise Mana ger DBConsole / 42 3.5 Other Tools for Developers / 43 3.6 Case Study: Creating ER Diagrams with Visio via ODBC / 44 3.7 Case Study: Accessing Oracle in Java via JDBC / 47 3.8 Summary / 49 Recommended Reading / 50 Exercises / 50 4 A Quick Tour of an Oracle Server 52 4.1 New Oracle Schemas Beyond “Scott” / 53 4.2 Oracle Users versus Schemas / 54 4.3 Tablespaces, Segments, Extents, and Data Blocks / 56 4.4 Tables, Indexes and Index Types for Structured Data / 57 4.5 Domain and LOB Index Types for Unstructured Data / 65 4.6 Views, Materialized Views, and Synonyms / 68 4.7 Stored Procedures, Funct ions, and Triggers / 68 4.8 Referential Integrity with Foreign Keys / 71 4.9 Summary / 73 viii CONTENTS www.it-ebooks.info Recommended Reading / 73 Exercises / 74 PART 2 ORACLE ARCHITECTURE FROM PERFORMANCE AND SCALABILITY PERSPECTIVES 75 5 Understanding Oracle Architecture 79 5.1 The Version History of Oracle / 80 5.2 Oracle Processes / 82 5.3 Oracle Memory Areas / 87 5.4 Dedicated versus Shared Oracle Server Architecture / 89 5.5 Performance Sensitive Initialization Parameters / 91 5.6 Oracle Static Data Dictionary Views / 94 5.7 Oracle Dynamic Perform ance (V$) Views / 95 5.8 Summary / 98 Recommended Reading / 98 Exercises / 99 6 Oracle 10g Memory Management 101 6.1 SGA Sub-Areas / 102 6.2 SGA Sizing: Automatic Shared Memory Managem ent (ASMM) / 104 6.3 PGA Sizing: PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET / 106 6.4 Summary / 108 Recommended Reading / 109 Exercises / 110 7 Oracle 11g Memory Management 111 7.1 Automatic Memory Management (AMM) / 112 7.2 Memory Sizing Options Configurable at Database Creation Time / 112 7.3 Checking Memory Management and Usage Distribution at Run Time / 113 7.4 Summary / 115 Recommended Reading / 115 Exercises / 115 8 Oracle Storage Structure 116 8.1 Overview / 117 8.2 Managing Tablespaces / 119 CONTENTS ix www.it-ebooks.info [...]... PREFACE T Oracle wait interface (OWI) T Oracle data consistency and concurrency T Oracle automatic workload repository (AWR) T Oracle advanced features and options T Top 10 Oracle performance and scalability features T Oracle- based application performance and scalability by design T Project: SOBA—A Secure Online Banking Application on Oracle Part 3, “Optimizing Oracle Performance and Scalability, ”... Tuning Guide / 634 Oracle Database 2 Day þ Performance Tuning Guide / 634 Oracle Database 2 Day DBA / 634 Oracle Database SQL Language Reference / 634 Oracle Database Sample Schemas / 635 Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference / 635 Oracle Database PL/SQL Language Reference / 635 Oracle Database JDBC Developer’s Guide and References / 635 APPENDIX B USING SQLÃ PLUS WITH ORACLE B.1 Installation... Scalability, ” teaches all about how to optimize and tune Oracle performance and scalability The following subjects are selected: T Oracle cost-based optimizer (CBO) T Oracle SQL tuning T Oracle indexing T Oracle auto-tune features Part 4, “Case Studies: Oracle Meeting Real World Performance and Scalability Challenges,” provides quantitative case studies out of my own first-hand, real product based experiences to... learning how to install and set it up This would serve as an effective stepping stone to learning more advanced concepts and features Part 2, Oracle Architecture from Performance and Scalability Perspectives,” covers all major database concepts and architectural features related to optimizing Oracle performance and scalability The following subjects are covered: T overall Oracle architecture T memory... experiences to demonstrate how one can achieve high performance and scalability by applying various Oracle performance and scalability best practices It sets a high standard on teaching Oracle performance and scalability by using quantitative, real world case studies rather than oversimplified, classroom-setting oriented, Scottish examples Students and enterprise software professionals will be equipped... Oracle database server, Oracle application server, and so on For convenience, however, in this text, we use the term Oracle server (or simply Oracle) to mean Oracle database server implicitly, without always carrying the term database or database server explicitly when it’s contextually obvious The Oracle database management system (DBMS) is one of the earliest, most widely used, and most robust database. .. following considerations: practicality-based selection of all basic database concepts and architectural features designed specifically with Oracle from performance and scalability perspectives, precise step-by-step instructions about how to perform various Oracle specific tasks in the context of optimizing and tuning Oracle performance and scalability as convenient timesavers for all audiences, a full-scale... the performance and scalability of real products In addition to the main text, a few appendices are provided at the end of the book as handy references for performing various routine tasks in dealing with Oracle performance and scalability challenges SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE To help make the most of this text, a hands-on approach is recommended One can have an Oracle setting with the latest version of Oracle. .. how-to text for full-time Oracle DBAs, although the Oracle performance and scalability troubleshooting methodologies and those quantitative case studies based on real products and customer engagements might be useful for such a group of Oracle professionals For the same reason, I only cover those administrative tasks that are necessary for carrying out Oracle performance and scalability work in a broad... leverage the performance and scalability features engineered into Oracle to achieve the end result www.it-ebooks.info PREFACE xxvii of meeting performance and scalability requirements with their products as demanded by their customers This book has the right style and context both for college professors who teach database concepts and for enterprise software professionals who develop Oraclebased enterprise . Safonov Oracle Database Performance and Scalability: A Quantitative Approach / Henry H. Liu Enterprise Software Architecture and Design: Entities, Services and Resources. 74 PART 2 ORACLE ARCHITECTURE FROM PERFORMANCE AND SCALABILITY PERSPECTIVES 75 5 Understanding Oracle Architecture 79 5.1 The Version History of Oracle /