2011 2011 Designed as both a quick reference and a reliable dataset for monitoring development programs and aid flows in the region, Africa Development Indicators 2011 is an invaluable tool for analysts and policymakers who want a better understanding of Africa’s economic and social development. Africa Development Indicators 2011 is the most detailed collection of data on Africa. It contains macroeconomic, sectoral, and social indicators for 53 countries. e companion CD-ROM has additional data, with some 1,700 indicators covering 1961–2009. • Basic indicators • National and fiscal accounts • External accounts and exchange rates • Millennium Development Goals • Private sector development • Trade and regional integration • Infrastructure • Human development • Agriculture, rural development, and the environment • Labor, migration, and population • HIV/AIDS and malaria • Capable states and partnership • Paris Declaration indicators • Governance and polity Africa Development Indicators 2011 SKU 18731 ISBN 978-0-8213-8731-3 2011 Copyright © 2011 by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/e World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing 2011 is volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/e World Bank. e findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of e World Bank or the governments they represent. e World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. e boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of e World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions e material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. e International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/e World Bank encourages dissemi- nation of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, e World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2422; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. ISBN: 978-0-8213-8731-3 e-ISBN: 978-0-8213-8732-0 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8731-3 SKU: 18731 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data have been requested. Cover design: Communications Development Incorporated. Photo credits: front cover, Arne Hoel/World Bank; back cover, Arne Hoel/World Bank and Jonathan Ernst/World Bank. e map of Africa is provided by the Map Design Unit/World Bank. To order Africa Development Indicators 2011, e Little Data Book on Africa 2011 (available online only), or Africa Development In- dicators 2011–Multiple User CD-ROM, please visit www.worldbank.org/publications. To subscribe to Africa Development Indica- tors Online please visit http://publications.worldbank.org/ADI. For more information about Africa Development Indicators and its companion products, please visit www.worldbank.org/africa or email ADI@worldbank.org. Contents iii Foreword vii Acknowledgments ix Indicator tables 1 Users guide 3 Part I. Basic indicators and national and fiscal accounts 1. Basic indicators 1.1 Basic indicators 7 2. National and fiscal accounts 2.1 Gross domestic product, nominal 8 2.2 Gross domestic product, real 9 2.3 Gross domestic product growth 10 2.4 Gross domestic product per capita, real 11 2.5 Gross domestic product per capita growth 12 2.6 Gross national income, nominal 13 2.7 Gross national income, World Bank Atlas method 14 2.8 Gross national income per capita, World Bank Atlas method 15 2.9 Gross domestic product deflator (local currency series) 16 2.10 Gross domestic product deflator (U.S. dollar series) 17 2.11 Consumer price index 18 2.12 Price indexes 19 2.13 Gross domestic savings 20 2.14 Gross national savings 21 2.15 General government final consumption expenditure 22 2.16 Household final consumption expenditure 23 2.17 Final consumption expenditure plus discrepancy 24 2.18 Final consumption expenditure plus discrepancy per capita 25 2.19 Gross fixed capital formation 26 2.20 Gross general government fixed capital formation 27 2.21 Private sector fixed capital formation 28 2.22 External trade balance (exports minus imports) 29 2.23 Exports of goods and services, nominal 30 2.24 Imports of goods and services, nominal 31 2.25 Exports of goods and services as a share of GDP 32 2.26 Imports of goods and services as a share of GDP 33 2.27 Balance of payments and current account 34 2.28 Exchange rates and purchasing power parity 36 2.29 Agriculture value added 38 2.30 Industry value added 39 2.31 Services plus discrepancy value added 40 2.32 Central government finances, expense, and revenue 41 Contents iv Africa Development Indicators 2011 2.33 Structure of demand 45 Part II. Millennium Development Goals 3. Millennium Development Goals 3.1 Millennium Development Goal 1: eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 46 3.2 Millennium Development Goal 2: achieve universal primary education 49 3.3 Millennium Development Goal 3: promote gender equality and empower women 50 3.4 Millennium Development Goal 4: reduce child mortality 51 3.5 Millennium Development Goal 5: improve maternal health 52 3.6 Millennium Development Goal 6: combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 53 3.7 Millennium Development Goal 7: ensure environmental sustainability 55 3.8 Millennium Development Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development 57 Part III. Development outcomes Drivers of growth 4. Private sector development 4.1 Doing Business indicators 59 4.2 Investment climate 62 4.3 Financial sector infrastructure 64 5. Trade and regional integration 5.1 International trade and tariff barriers 66 5.2 Top three exports and share in total exports, 2009 70 5.3 Regional integration, trade blocs 72 6. Infrastructure 6.1 Water and sanitation 74 6.2 Transportation 75 6.3 Information and communication technology 77 6.4 Energy 80 Participating in growth 7. Human development 7.1 Education 82 7.2 Health 84 8. Agriculture, rural development, and environment 8.1 Rural development 88 8.2 Agriculture 90 8.3 Producer food prices 92 8.4 Environment 94 8.5 Fossil fuel emissions 96 9. Labor, migration, and population 9.1 Labor force participation 98 9.2 Labor force composition 100 9.3 Unemployment 102 9.4 Migration and population 104 10. HIV/AIDS 10.1 HIV/AIDS 106 Contents v 11. Malaria 11.1 Malaria 110 12. Capable states and partnership 12.1 Aid and debt relief 111 12.2 Status of Paris Declaration indicators 114 12.3 Capable states 116 12.4 Governance and anticorruption indicators 118 12.5 Country Policy and Institutional Assessment ratings 120 12.6 Polity indicators 124 Technical notes 125 Technical notes references 181 Map of Africa 182 Users guide: Africa Development Indicators 2011–Multiple User CD-ROM 183 Foreword vii is year’s Africa Development Indicators, which covers some 1,700 macro economic, sectoral, and human development indica- tors dating to the 1960s, comes at a critical time for Sub-Saharan Africa’s 48 countries and 841 million people. After a decade of economic growth at nearly 5 percent a year, Africa—along with the rest of the world— was hit hard by the global economic crisis, but it rebounded within a year. In 2011 the continent’s growth is expected to return to pre crisis levels. e poverty rate has been declining at about 1 percentage point a year, and progress on the Millennium Develop- ment Goals, while insufficient to reach the 2015 targets in many countries, has been substantial. Yet, Africa faces some of the most formi- dable development challenges in the world. First, growth has been uneven, with about 20 fragile and conflict-affected states seem- ingly trapped in persistent poverty. Second, economic growth has not translated to pro- ductive jobs and more earning opportunities for Africa’s labor force—most of which is engaged in agriculture and informal enter- prises—and especially for the 7‒10 million young people entering the labor force each year. And third, Africa’s growth could be faster and more widespread (and abject pov- erty eliminated) if it could address its most fundamental challenges—improving gover- nance and increasing public sector capacity. Just as the World Bank’s Africa strategy, Africa’s Future and World Bank Support to It, seeks to harness the continent’s recent dy- namic growth to address these development challenges, so too do statistics in general, and Africa Development Indicators in particu- lar, reflect both the progress and the poten- tial of the continent. Africa Development Indi- cators permits policymakers, private actors, civil society, development partners, and citizens to monitor, study, and document Africa’s economic and social development. It also shows where we need to improve. Just 18 of 48 countries have poverty data for 2007‒10. And in the 2000s Africa averaged 1.5 poverty figures per country, less than half the world’s average of 3.8. One reason for the shortcomings is lack of statistical ca- pacity—as of 2010 only six countries have statistical capacity building indicators of 70‒84 percent. But here too there has been progress: all but four countries now have an official national statistics website, compared with 50 percent a few years ago. More than 20 countries have made their household sur- vey datasets available on their national data archive website, and more than 75 percent of Africa’s people are covered by a popula- tion census less than 10 years old. Since 2005 countries have developed their national statistical systems by de- signing and implementing a National Strat- egy for the Development of Statistics, which links data with poverty reduction strategies. e World Bank, in collaboration with other partners, is providing financial support and technical advice through lending operations such as STATCAP, through trust funds (in particular the Trust Fund for Statistical Ca- pacity Building and the Statistics for Results Catalytic Fund), and through international initiatives. Moving forward, the Bank will scale up its statistical capacity development activities, not least because it is only with credible statistics that progress on the Af- rica strategy can be monitored. In addition, technology is being used to accelerate data collection, especially in underserved areas. For instance, in Africa’s newest country, the Republic of South Sudan, the Bank is col- laborating with the local statistics office to Foreword viii Africa Development Indicators 2011 collect information on people’s economic situation, security, and outlook using cell phones distributed to 1,000 households in 10 state capitals. Africa Development Indicators has another, more fundamental role in Africa’s develop- ment. Statistics—and the information con- tained in them—can empower citizens to hold their governments accountable. From the first public expenditure tracking survey of education in Uganda to the Ushahidi plat- form for tracking political violence and nat- ural disasters, Africans have demonstrated how systematic data can mobilize citizens to spur their governments to action. Inasmuch as governance was identified as the funda- mental constraint to African development, Africa Development Indicators is a major in- strument in relaxing that constraint. To that end, since April 2010 the World Bank has made all its data freely available, resulting in continually growing use of its online resources. is volume is part of the Africa Development Indicators suite of prod- ucts, which also includes e Little Data Book on Africa 2011 (available online only), the Af- rica Development Indicators 2011–Multiple User CD-ROM, and a data query and chart- ing application for mobile services. A tool for learning, capacity strengthen- ing, and accountability, Africa Development Indicators 2011 will continue to play a critical role in Africa’s economic transformation. Obiageli K. Ezekwesili Vice President e World Bank Group Africa Region Acknowledgments ix Africa Development Indicators is a product of the Africa Region of the World Bank. is report has been prepared by a core team led by Rose Mungai comprising Fran- coise Genouille and Jane Njuguna in the pro- duction of this book and its companions— Africa Development Indicators Online 2011, Africa Development Indicators 2011—Mul- tiple User CD-ROM, and The Little Data Book on Africa 2011 (online only). Yohannes Kebede coordinated the Africa Development Indicators Online apps platform while Mapi Buitano coordinated the dissemination of the book and its companions, and Jane Njuguna coordinated production. e over- all work was carried out under the guidance of Shantayanan Devarajan, Chief Economist of the Africa Region. e technical box contributors were: • Ghislaine Delaine and Antoine Simon- pietri (African statistical systems). • Shantayanan Devarajan (Africa’s future and the World Bank’s support to it). • Quy-Toan Do (Multidimensional indices of poverty). • Punam Chuhan-Pole and Manka S. An- gwafo (Transformation of Rwanda’s cof- fee sector: an African success story). • Sailesh Tiwari and Hassan Zaman (Food prices in Africa). • Dilip Ratha, Sanket Mohapatra, Caglar Ozden, Sonia Plaza, and Abebe Shimeles (Migration and remittances in Africa). • Bernard Harborne, Noro Aina Andri- amihaja, and Viola Erdmannsdoerfer (Conflict -affected and fragile states in Africa). • Stuti Khemani (e political economy of public policies and government failures). Azita Amjadi, Abdolreza Farivari, Shelley Lai Fu, Ugendran Machakkalai, Shanmugam Natarajan, Lakshmikanthan Subramanian, and Malarvizhi Veerappan collaborated in the online data production. Maja Bresslauer, Mahyar Eshragh-Tabary, Masako Hiraga, and Soong Sup Lee col- laborated in the update of the live data- base. Software preparation and testing for the CD-ROM and mobile applications was managed by Vilas Mandelkar, with the as- sistance of Ramgopal Erabelly, Parastoo Oloumi, William Prince, and Jomo Tariku. William Prince also collaborated in the production of e Little Data Book on Africa 2011. Jeffrey Lecksell and Bruno Bonansea of the World Bank’s Map Design Unit coordi- nated preparation of the maps. Ann Karasanyi and Kenneth Omondi provided administrative and logistical sup- port. e core team would like to thank the many people who provided useful com- ments on the publication. eir feedback and suggestions helped improve this year’s edition. Staff from External Affairs oversaw printing and dissemination of the book and its companions. Several institutions provided data to Africa Development Indicators. eir contribu- tion is very much appreciated. Communications Development Incorpo- rated provided design direction, editing, and layout. Acknowledgments [...]... Declaration indicators 12.3 Capable states 12.4 Governance and anticorruption indicators 12.5 Country Policy and Institutional Assessment ratings 12.6 Polity indicators Africa Development Indicators 2011 106 11 Malaria 11.1 Malaria 2 98 100 102 104 111 114 116 118 120 124 Users guide Tables The tables are numbered by section Countries are listed alphabetically by subregion (Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa) ... 51 52 Indicator tables 1 3.6 Millennium Development Goal 6: combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 3.7 Millennium Development Goal 7: ensure environmental sustainability 3.8 Millennium Development Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development 53 55 57 Part III Development outcomes Drivers of growth 4 Private sector development 4.1 Doing Business indicators 4.2 Investment climate 4.3 Financial... 39 40 41 45 Part II Millennium Development Goals 3 Millennium Development Goals 3.1 Millennium Development Goal 1: eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 3.2 Millennium Development Goal 2: achieve universal primary education 3.3 Millennium Development Goal 3: promote gender equality and empower women 3.4 Millennium Development Goal 4: reduce child mortality 3.5 Millennium Development Goal 5: improve maternal... alphabetically by subregion (Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa) Indicators are shown for the most recent year or period for which data are available and, in most tables, for an earlier year or period (usually 1980, 1990, or 1995) Time-series data are available on the Africa Development Indicators Multiple User CD-ROM and Africa Development Indicators Online The term country, used interchangeably with... time-series data for 1961–2009 are available on the Africa Development Indicators Multiple User CD-ROM and Africa Development Indicators Online Data for some indicators, including macroeconomic statistics, Doing Business indicators, investment climate indicators, governance and anticorruption indicators, and Country Policy and Institutional Assessment ratings are provided for 2010 Data consistency,... are for the most recent year available during the period specified Basic indicators Part I Basic indicators and national and fiscal accounts 7 Table 2.1 Gross domestic product, nominal 1980 SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA Excluding South Africa Excl S Africa & Nigeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo, Dem Rep Congo, Rep Côte d’Ivoire Djibouti... Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa, which may differ from common geographic usage Former Spanish Sahara is not included in any aggregates Statistics Data are shown for economies as they were constituted in 2008, and historical data are revised to reflect current political arrangements Exceptions are noted in the tables Consistent time-series data for 1961–2009 are available on the Africa Development Indicators Multiple... 15.0 11.6 9.3 13.7 a Provisional 8 Part I Basic indicators and national and fiscal accounts national and fiscal accounts Table 2.2 Gross domestic product, real 1980 SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 227,433 Excluding South Africa 132,121 Excl S Africa & Nigeria 99,187 Angola Benin 1,084 Botswana 1,209 Burkina Faso 1,101 Burundi 559 Cameroon 6,339 Cape Verde Central African Republic 735 Chad 665 Comoros 136 Congo,... 4.0 4.9 5.4 5.0 4.9 5.0 a Provisional national and fiscal accounts Part I Basic indicators and national and fiscal accounts 9 Table 2.3 Gross domestic product growth Annual growth (%) 1980 SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA Excluding South Africa Excl S Africa & Nigeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo, Dem Rep Congo, Rep Côte d’Ivoire Djibouti... 7.2 5.2 –5.9 4.5 3.6 4.9 4.3 4.8 4.7 4.6 a Provisional 10 Part I Basic indicators and national and fiscal accounts national and fiscal accounts Table 2.4 Gross domestic product per capita, real 1980 SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA Excluding South Africa Excl S Africa & Nigeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo, Dem Rep Congo, Rep Côte d’Ivoire . companions— Africa Development Indicators Online 2011, Africa Development Indicators 2011 Mul- tiple User CD-ROM, and The Little Data Book on Africa 2011 (online. e map of Africa is provided by the Map Design Unit/World Bank. To order Africa Development Indicators 2011, e Little Data Book on Africa 2011 (available