[...]... Central Panel Office of Administrative Hearings Office of Administrative Hearings Division of Administrative Hearings Division of Administrative Hearings Office of State Administrative Hearings Department of Inspections and Appeals Division of Administrative Law Division of Administrative Hearings Office of Administrative Hearings Division of Administrative Law Appeals Bureau of Hearings Office of Administrative... Administrative Hearing Commission Office of Administrative Law Office of Administrative Hearings Office of Administrative Hearings Office of Administrative Hearings Administrative Law Judge Division Office of Hearing Examiners Administrative Procedures Division State Office of Administrative Hearings Office of Administrative Hearings Division of Hearings and Appeals Wyoming Office of Administrative Hearings... agencies Agency Commodity Futures Trading Commission Department of Agriculture Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of Transportation Department of Treasury Environmental Protection Agency Federal Communications... expand the gap between public officials and common citizens.[19,28] In terms of the impacts of such market-led reform on the administrative system itself, the increasing similarities between public administration and business management may pose a challenge to the ‘ public ’ nature of public service, perpetuate its identity crisis, and adversely affect the pride and morale of public employees.[13] In addition,... long- and short-term goals and objectives depends on a host of economic relationships including the demand and supply of resources, which determine the price of resources With increasing population and demand for government services, and with budgetary constraints, negotiating the optimal price and quantity of resources that are required to deliver government services has become an important activity of. .. sector, deregulation of service delivery, divestment of state enterprises, liberalization of trade and investment, corporatization of public agencies, use of result-based budget and performance indicators, and so on—in the name of economic efficiency, competitiveness, service quality, value for money, and customer satisfaction.[12,13] There are some major causes and implications of this reform process... In the past, this diversity created certain differences among these countries in terms of the nature and objectives of administrative reform In recent years, however, most of these countries have adopted reforms in line with the globalized market-led model of public Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy DOI: 10.1081/E-EPAP-120024427 Copyright D 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc All rights... reorient CAUSES AND IMPLICATIONS OF REFORMS IN THE REGION In general, the main factor or force behind the current market-driven reform in the public sector has often been attributed to the globalization of trade and investment, decline in state capacity, and erosion of state autonomy, which allegedly led to the crisis of the state and thus required substantive reforms in state policy and administration. .. availability of low cost of accurate information and the ability of firms to freely enter and leave the industry At the other extreme of the competitive spectrum is monopoly, where one firm controls the supply and hence the price of the product Some reasons for the establishment of monopolies include the control of specific assets, production requiring large output and the realization of economies of scale,... Rulemaking Act (NRA) of 1990 [5 U.S.C xx 561–570] and the Administrative Dispute Resolution Act (ADRA) of 1990 [Public Law 101-552 (codified in scattered sections of 5 U S C and 9 U.S.C.)], as amendments to the federal Administrative Procedure Act (APA) [5 U.S.C x 553] The ADRA and the NRA were amended in 1996, Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy DOI: 10.1081/E-EPAP 120024305 Copyright . h0" alt="" Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy First Update Supplement Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy First. authors are theirs and do not reflect the views of their respective institutions. Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy DOI: 10.1081/E-EPAP