1 PROTEIN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS SYNTHESIS copyright cmassengale DNA DNA and and Genes Genes 2copyright cmassengale DNA DNA • DNA contains DNA contains genes genes , , sequences of nucleotide sequences of nucleotide bases bases • These Genes code for These Genes code for polypeptides (proteins) polypeptides (proteins) • Proteins Proteins are used to build are used to build cells and do much of the cells and do much of the work inside cells work inside cells 3copyright cmassengale 4 Genes & Proteins Genes & Proteins  Proteins are made of Proteins are made of amino acids amino acids linked linked together by peptide together by peptide bonds bonds  20 20 different amino acids different amino acids exist exist copyright cmassengale 5 Amino Acid Structure Amino Acid Structure copyright cmassengale 6 Polypeptides Polypeptides • Amino acid Amino acid chains are chains are called called polypeptides polypeptides copyright cmassengale 7 DNA Begins the Process DNA Begins the Process • DNA DNA is found inside the is found inside the nucleus nucleus • Proteins Proteins , however, are made , however, are made in the in the cytoplasm cytoplasm of cells by of cells by organelles called organelles called ribosomes ribosomes • Ribosomes may be Ribosomes may be free free in in the cytosol or the cytosol or attached attached to to the the surface of rough ER surface of rough ER copyright cmassengale 8 Starting with DNA Starting with DNA • DNA ‘s code DNA ‘s code must be must be copied copied and taken to the cytosol and taken to the cytosol • In the cytoplasm, this In the cytoplasm, this code code must be read must be read so so amino acids amino acids can be assembled to make can be assembled to make polypeptides (proteins) polypeptides (proteins) • This process is called This process is called PROTEIN SYNTHESIS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS copyright cmassengale RNA RNA 9copyright cmassengale 10 Roles of RNA and DNA • DNA DNA is the MASTER is the MASTER PLAN PLAN • RNA RNA is the is the BLUEPRINT of the BLUEPRINT of the Master Plan Master Plan copyright cmassengale