PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG 156 Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô Gg g (symbol for) acceleration of free fall due to gravity: Gia tốc trọng trường. gage n. US=GAUGE: Máy đo, sự đo đạc gaiter n. BOOT (b): Vỏ chụp, vỏ chắn bụi. gal (short for) GALLON GALFAN: trademark for a special type of hot-dip galvanized steel sheet with a coating consisting of a zinc alloy containing 5% Aluminium and rare earths: Tên thương mại của một loại thép tráng hợp kim kẽm nhôm Gallon n. unit of capacity: gallon - Đơn vò đo dung tích. (NOTE: 1 British gallon (UK gal) = 4.546 litres; 1 US gallon (US gal) = 3.785 litres) Galvalume trademark for a special type of hot-dip galvanized steel sheet with a coating consisting of 55% Aluminium, 43.4 % Zinc and 1.6% Silicon: Thương hiệu của một loại thép tráng. galvanic a. concerned with an electrical current: Liên quan đến dòng điện, gavanic.  galvanic cell = cell which converts chemical energy into electrical energy by irreversible chemical reactions: Pin điện.  galvanic corrosion = corrosion due to the action of a galvanic: Sự ăn mòn điện hóa. galvanize v. to plate with zinc by hot dipping or electrodeposition (to protect from rust): Mạ kẽm  galvanized coating = zinc (based) coating applied by galvanizing: Lớp kẽm mạ  galvanizing n. application of zinc coatings on the surface of a metal, by hot dipping or electrodeposition: Sự mạ  galvanizing bath = bath for hot-dip galvanizing or electro- galvanizing: Bồn mạ galvannealing n. thermal process which gives improved adhesion to hot-dip galvanized steel sheets: Quá trình nung trước khi mạ để tăng độ bám gamma layer n. part of the zinc-iron alloy layer on hot-dip galvanized iron and steel containing 21-28% iron: Lớp mạ gamma (Zn-Fe). gantry n. structure with an overhead beam, used for lifting out an engine: Cần trục nhấc động cơ (ra khỏi xe). gap n. space between two parts, especially between electric points: Khe hở, độ hở.  gap bridging = formation of carbon or other deposits across the sparking plug gap which shorten the plug: Sự đóng chấu bougie.  gap style = the arrangement of electrodes in a parking plug: Các kiểu bố trí điện cực bougie g gap style PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG 157 Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô  gapper n. us (informal)= FEELER GAUGE: Cỡ lá. garage 1 n. (a) building in which to keep a motor vehicle (b) premises on which motor vehicle are repaired or serviced and/ or where fuel is sold: Garage, nhà để ôtô. 2 v. to keep in a garage: Giữ ôtô trong garage.  garaged a. kept in a garage: Giữ trong garage. (NOTE: in advertisements, often abbreviated to gar’d)  garage jack n. powerful hydraulic jack used in garages: Cầu nâng thủy lực dùng trong garage. garter spring n. long, thin coil spring with ends joined to form a ring: Lò xo tròn (trong bạc nhớt) gas n. (a) state of matter, like air, which has no definite shape or volume: trạng thái khí (b) mainly US (short for) gasoline: khí đốt, xăng  step on the gas = put your foot down on the accelerator, i.e. go faster: Tăng ga.  gas chamber n. pressure chamber of a single-tube shock absorber: Buồng áp suất của giảm xóc một ống.  gas damper n. gas shock (absorber): Bộ giảm chấn khí. gas discharge headlight n. motor vehicle headlight with a gas discharge lamp: Đèn đầu loại nén khí  gas discharge lamp = discharge lamp in which light is generated by gas discharge: Bóng đèn sáng nhờ phóng khí Gaseous a. referring to gas: Thể khí.  gaseous discharge headlight or lamp = GAS DISCHARGE HEADLIGHT or LAMP: đèn đầu hoặc bóng đèn khí  gas flow n. flow of the air /fuel mixture or the exhaust gases in an engine: Dòng khí (hòa khí hoặc khí thải) gas guzzler n. (informal US) car that uses a lot of petrol: Xe hao xăng. gasket n. seal: Đệm kín, roong.  gasket punch = tool used to cut holes in gaskets and other soft materials: Cái đột lỗ roong.  gasket scraper = scraper with a chisel edge for scraping surfaces clean before installing new gaskets such as water-pump, cylinder head, crankcase or timing chain cover gaskets: Dụng cụ cạo roong. gasohol n. a gasoline/ alcohol blend containing 10% ethanol and 90% unleaded petrol: Hỗn hợp xăng và cồn. gasoline n. US = PETROL: Xăng. gas pedal n. US = ACCELERATOR: Bàn đạp ga. gas prop n. gas-assisted strut (e.g. of hatch, tailgate): Trụ chống trợ lực khí (cửa đuôi, capô) gas pump n. US = PETROL PUMP gas shock (absorber) n. gas-assisted shock absorber: Bộ giảm chấn khí. gas spring n. pressurized, nitrogen- filled sphere, used in Hydragas and hydropneumatic suspension gapper gas spring PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG 158 Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô systems: Lò xo (đệm) khí (hệ thống treo) gassing n. the formation of explosive gas in the form of small bubbles in a battery when charging continues after the battery has been completely charge: Sự sủi bọt khí trong accu báo nạp no gas station n. US = FILLING STATION, PETROL STATION: Trạm (cây) xăng. gas-tight n. sealed to prevent the passage of gas: Sự làm kín để chống rò khí. gas welding n. welding process widely used in body repair shops (now being gradually replaced by MIG welding): Kỹ thuật hàn gió đá, hàn hơi. (NOTE: also called oxy- acetylene welding) gate n. slotted plate in the shape of an H, controlling the movements of a gear lever in a sliding mesh geaxbox (pre-1930s): Tấm dẫn hướng cần sang số. gauge or US gage n. (a) tool for checking whether clearances between parts, or the shape and dimensions of pieces being worked comply with specified tolerance requirements: Dụng cụ đo (b) instrument for measuring a quantity; typical gauge are fuel level, coolant temperature, and oil pressure gauges on an instrument, and oil pressure gauges on an instrument panel and oil pressure gauges to measure the pressure of air in a tyre: đồng hồ đo (c) the thickness or diameter of various materials such as wire or sheet metal: bề dày hoặc đường kính GAWR = GROSS AXLE WEIGHT RATING: mức tổng tải trọng trục xe G-clamp n. screw-activated clamping device in the shape of a G: Cái kẹp hình chữ G. gear n. (a) toothed wheel connecting with another wheel of different diameter to change the power ratio of the engine: Bánh răng.  gears = arrangement of gear- wheel working together: Bộ bánh răng. (b) one of the combination of gear; (a) in a gearbox that a driver selects to impart motion to a car: Hộp số.  gearbox n. metal casing for the gear (a) assembly: Hộp số. (NOTE: US English is gearcase or transmission)  gearbox input shaft = shaft which transmits power from the clutch to the gearbox: Đầu trục vào hộp số.  gearbox output shaft = shaft which transmits the drive out of the gearbox: Đầu trục ra hộp số.  gearcase n. US= GEARBOX: Hộp số.  gearchange n. process of changing gears: Sự sang số. (NOTE: US English is shifting)  gearchange cables = cables that in rare cases operate the gearbox; normally a system of gassing gearchange cables PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG 159 Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô rods and joints (linkages) are used: Dây cáp sang số.  gearchange linkage or mechanism = systems of rods and joints used to operate the gearbox: Cơ cấu sang số.  gear knob n. knob at the end of a gear lever: Nút bấm sang số (trên cần số)  gear level or gearstick = stick used by the driver to change to gear in a manual gearbox: Cần số. (NOTE: US English is gearshift, shifter, shift lever)  gear oil n. motor oil used in gear boxes and final drives; usually of higher viscosity than engine oil: Dầu hộp số.  gear puller n. puller with two or more jaws and pressure screw for pulling off gears, bearing, pulleys, etc.: Cão tháo bánh răng, puli Gear pump or gear-type oil pump n. simplest oil pump with two gear wheels: Bơm bánh răng. gear range n. choice of gears in an automatic gearbox; the typical gear ranges are: P-Park, R- Reverse, N- Neutral, D-Drive, L- Low: Dãy số, tay số (hộp số tự động) gear ratio n. the number of revolutions of driving gear required to turn a driven gear through one complete revolution: Tỉ số truyền bánh răng. gear selector n. lever that selects the gear in an automatic gearbox: Cần số trong hộp số tự động gear selector indicator = indicator positioned in the instrument cluster or on the centre console shift gate indicating which gear has been selected in an automatic gearbox: Đèn báo số.  gearshift n. US = GEARCHANGE: Sự sang số.  gearstick n. (informal) = GEAR LEVER: Cần số.  gear tooth n. indentation on the edge of a gearwheel: Răng bánh răng.  gear train n. system of gears that transmits drive from one shaft to another: Sự truyền động bánh răng.  gear-type oil pump n. = GEAR PUMP: Bơm bánh răng.  gearwheel n. =GEAR : Bánh răng. gel 1 n. substance like a jelly: Gel, chất sệt. 2 v. to become a gel: Trở nên sệt.  gelling drier n. drier for PVC sealants: Máy làm khô nhựa trám Gemmer steering n. = CAM-AND ROLLER STEERING: Hệ thống lái Gemmer (cam và bi đũa) general corrosion n. in contrast to pitting, a type of corrosion which affects the entire surface of a metal: Sự ăn mòn toàn bộ bề mặt. General Motor (GM) n. American vehicle manufacturer ; the largest in the world: Công ty sản xuất ôtô GM của Mỹ. (NOTE: British subsidiary is Vauxhall and other European subsidiary is Opel) gearchange l inkage General Motor PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG 160 Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô general purpose lacquer thinner n. a type of thinner that may be used for both lacquers and synthetic enamels without causing lifting or other paint faults: Chất pha sơn đa năng. general purpose pliers n. any kind of typical multi-purpose pliers: Kìm đa năng. generate v. to produce: Phát ra, đưa ra, sản sinh.  generator n. (a) any type of automotive electric power generator, such as an alternator or dynamo: Máy phát. (b) US= DYNAMO geometry n. design, layout or arrangement of parts: Sơ đồ bố trí, maket girder spanner n. adjustable spanner with jaws at right angles to the handle: Mỏ lếch răng. GL (short for) Grand Luxe, meaning more luxurious than a standard model, L(=Luxe): Chữ viết tắt biểu thò kiểu xe sang hơn xe tiêu chuẩn. gland n. seal that stops fluid under pressure leaking past a rotating or reciprocating shaft or rod: Nắp đệm, miếng đệm, vòng đệm kín, phốt (đầu trục).  glandless a. without a seal: Không có đệm.  glare 1 n. strong, bright light (e.g. from oncoming traffic): Ánh sáng chói từ xe đối diện 2 v. to shine too brightly; to dazzle: Làm chói mắt  glass n. window pane: Kính cửa  glass area = the window surface area of a vehicle body; may also refer to the whole area of the body above the waist line: Vùng kính, diệân tích kính.  US glass channel = WINDOW CHANNEL: Rãnh đặt kính.  glass fibre n. a very thin glass thread, used loosely or in woven form as an acoustic, electrical, or thermal insulating in laminated plastics: Sợi thủy tinh.  glass holder n. tool with suction cup(s) to hold and carry glass: Dụng cụ giữ kính bằng chén chân không  glasspaper n. abrasive paper coated with particles of glass, used for smoothing and polishing: Giấy nhám mòn.  glass reinforced plastic (GRP) n. the basic material for the manufacture of fibreglass body shells and panels; it is made up of several layers of fibreglass mat or cloth and various types of resins: Nhựa được gia cố thủy tinh. Glass’s Guide n. monthly publication of second-hand car prices: Nguyệt san quảng cáo in giá xe cũ. glass seal n. a conducting seal in the middle of some sparking plug insulators connecting the top and bottom parts of the central electrode: Đệm ở giữa điện cực trung tâm bougie  glass tampering detector n. part of a vehicle alarm system that detects glass being struck or broken: Cảm biến báo vỡ kính (hệ thống báo động). general purpose lacquer thinner glass tampering detector PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG 161 Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô glaze n. smooth, polished surface: Sự nhẵn bóng.  glaze breaker = CYLINDER HONE: Đá mài xy lanh glazing n. glass fitted (or to be fitted) in a window: Sự lắp kính (cửa)  glazing strip = moulded rubber strip for mounting windscreens and other fixed glass: roong kính. gloss n. shine on a surface; lustre: Nước bóng , nước láng. glove compartment or US glovebox n. small compartment in the dashboard for sundry objects: Hộp đựng đồ, ngăn chứa găng tay. glow v. to burn without flames: Xông, hâm nóng (không có ngọn lửa)  glow coil n. filament in a glow plug: Dây tóc của bougie xông.  glow pencil n. pencil-like heating element of a sheathed- type glow plug: Đầu bougie xông dạng bút chì glow plug n. the most important component in a preheating system of a diesel engine, used to preheat the intake air or the combustion chamber when the engine is cold: Bougie xông máy. (NOTE: also called heater plug)  glow plug indicator = monitoring element in a preheater system, which changes the colour of its filament in line with the plug and indicating readiness for starting: Đèn báo xông máy.  glow plug / starter switch = key switch for turning on the preheating system of a diesel engine and starting the car: Công tắc xông máy. glow time n. preheating time of a diesel engine: Thời gian xông trước. glow tube n. = GLOW PLUG: Bougie xông máy. glycol see ETHYLENEGLYCOL GM = GENERAL MOTORS: Công ty ôtô GM của Mỹ. go dull or flat v. to lose (the) shine: Làm mờ, làm đục. goggles n.protective spectacles against dust and glare: Kính bảo hộ. gold plating n. electrolytic deposition of gold: Sự mạ vàng. go off v. to begin to harden, the initial phase of the hardening process of plastic body fillers: Bắt đầu cứng (mát tít) (NOTE: US English is kick) goose neck map light n. flexible- stemmed map lamp: Đèn đọc sách xoay được (cổ ngỗng) gouge n. a flat, relatively large dent that has no hard contours so it can be reshaped by shrinking using heat or with a hammer and dolly: Cái đục, cái đục khum (làm đồng) governor n. (a) engine speed regulator: Bộ điều tốc (động cơ) (b) (automatic transmission control) transmission regulator: Bộ điều chỉnh hộp số. governor plate n. = CONTACT BREAKER PLATE: Mâm lửa. governor pressure n. (automatic transmission control) pressure that varies in accordance with vehicle speed and acts on the command glaze governor pressure PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG 162 Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô valves, where it opposes the control pressure: p suất làm việc (hộp số). governor valves (GV) n. (automatic transmission control) valve which converts line pressure into vehicle-speed dependent governor pressure: Van ly tâm. governor weight n. (centrifugal advance mechanism) = ADVANCE WEIGHT: Trọng lượng ly tâm, quả văng trong delco. grab v. (a) (brake) to come on suddenly when the brake pedal is pressed: Phanh đột ngột (b) (clutch) to take up the drive suddenly when the clutch pedal is released: bắt đột ngột (giật) khi nhả ly hợp. (NOTE: also callde snatch)  grab handle n. (a) part of a car door interior used to pull the door shut: Tay kéo capô bên trong. grade n. degree of sandpaper coarseness: độ thô của giấy nhám. gradient n.(i) the slope or inclination of a road (ii) a measure of this, expressed as the ratio of height (or drop) to horizontal distance; a steep hill might be 1 in 4, whilst a gradual slope might be 1 in 10: Dốc, độ dốc. graduated tint n. tinted stripe at the upper edge of the windscreen: vành roong kính grain alcohol n. ETHANOL: Cồn thực vật. grain coarsening or grain growth n. roughening of the surface of a material: trở nên xù xì. Grand Luxe (GL) n. GL model = more luxurious model than a standard: Kiểu sang trọng hơn loại tiêu chuẩn. Grand Prix n. international car race from which points are scored towards the World Championship: Giải đua xe vô đòch thế giới. Grand Touring or Gran Turismo see GT Grand Touring –injection see GTi graph n. diagram showing the relationship between certain numbers or quantities in the form of a line: Đồ thò, biểu đồ.  graphic display unit n. dash- board panel displaying a plan of the car with illuminated parts representing doors left open, lights switched on, etc.: biểu tượng xe trên tableau để báo cửa chưa đóng.  graphic equalizer n. unit in a car stereo system that adjusts the audio output signal strength separately for individual frequency ranges; individual frequencies can be emphasized to compensate for specific acoustic conditions: Nút chỉnh tần số âm thanh. graphite n. form of carbon used in marking brushes for motors and generators and as a lubricant: Grafit, than chì.  graphite grease = heavy-duty grease containing graphite, used for brake cables, etc.: Mỡ grafit. governor valves graphitic corrosion PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG 163 Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô  graphitic corrosion = selective corrosion of grey cast iron, resulting in preferential removal of metallic constituents, leaving graphite: Sự ăn mòn gan xám. grass (heat) shield n. metal shield fitted underneath a catalytic converter to reduce the risk of its heat starting an accidental grass fire: Tấm chắn nhiệt phía dưới bộ xúc tác. gravel gun n. equipment used to hurl crushed stone at objects, such as test panels, to test them for chipping resistance: Ống phun sỏi (để kiểm nghiệm lớp sơn) gravity feed n. a fuel supply layout formerly used for two-stroke car engines: Sự cung cấp nhiên liệu nhờ trọng lực (2 kỳ). gravity-feed spray gun n. type of spray gun, in which paint flows downward from a container situated on top of it, thereby reducing the amount of compressed air required: Súng phun sơn nhờ trọng lực. grease 1 n. thick, viscous lubricant for machinery made from oil and metallic soaps: Dầu nhờn, mỡ.  grease gun = hand pump tool used for lubricating with grease: Bình bơm mỡ (bóp tay)  grease nipple = small, one- way valve used for injecting grease into a bearing: Núm để bơm mỡ vào ổ bi 2 v. to lubricate or coat with grease: Bôi mỡ, bơm mỡ. greenhouse n. (informal) GLASS AREA: Nhà kính. green stage n. the initial hardening phase during which the resin or filler has hardened but has not yet set solid; this occurs immediately after the resin or filler has gone off: giai đoạn đặc lại của ma tít (sơn) grid n. in a battery, the metal plate with holes, used as a conductor and a support for the active material: Tấm vỉ (lưới) bản cực grid-controlled ignition (system) n. microprocessor-controlled ignition system with electronic ignition timing by means of an ignition map stored in the control unit memory: Hệ thống đánh lửa được điều khiển bằng vi xử lý. grille n. grating that admits cooling air to the radiator: Vỉ bộ tản nhiệt (két nước) grind v. to smooth or polish by friction or abrasion: Mài, giũa, rà.  grinding disc n. abrasive disc: Đóa mài.  grinding paste = abrasive paste used for reseating valves: Cát xoáy (súpáp)  grinding wheel = abrasive wheel used for grinding (usually a composite of hand particles in a resin filler): Đá mài (tròn)  grindstone n. rotating abrasive disc for rubbing away metal and for sharpening tools: Đá mài. grip n. adhesion of a tyre to the road surface; important for roadholding and safe braking: Độ bám (vỏ xe với mặt đường)  grip in the wet = a vehicle’s roadholding ability in the rain or grass (heat) shield grip in the wet PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG 164 Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô on a wet surface: Độ bám trong điều kiện ẩm ướt. grip wrench n. = LOCKING PLIERS: Kìm bấm. grip blasting n. (a) the most popular sandblasting process; grit is used to clean the metal surfaces and is available in various grades for coarse or finer blasting on thin steel (b) cleaning the sparking plug electrodes by bombarding them with abrasive particles: làm sạch bằng phun cát grit number n. classification of sandpapers by fineness of the grit particles: ký hiệu phân loại giấy nhám grommet n. rubber or plastic ring round a hole in metal (to protect a cable or pipe): Roong buối dây (để bảo vệ dây khi đi qua lỗ) groove n. (a) any machined channel or hollow (b) the space between thread ridges: Đường rãnh dài, rãnh ren grooved compression ring n. scraper type piston ring: Bạc, sec măng có rãnh. grooving hammer n. wide-nose peen hammer: Búa đầu có rãnh. gross axle weight rating (GAWR) n. US maximum specified load capacity of an axle: Tải trọng cực đại của cầu (trục)  gross vehicle weight (GVW) n. total weight of a vehicle in any given circumstance (i.e. with or without passengers, luggage etc.): Trọng lượng tổng cộng của xe.  gross weight n. = GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT: Trọng lượng tổng cộng (của xe) ground n. US return path of an electrical systems, which in a motor vehicle is provided by the metal body and chassis.: Dây nối đất, nối mass. (NOTE: GB English for this is earth)  ground clearance n. vertical distance between level ground and the lowest fixed item on a vehicle: Khoảng sáng gầm xe.  ground clearance control = small level near the handbrake of cars with hydropneumatic suspension that allows ground clearance to be increased for crossing rough terrain or when changing a wheel: Sự điểu khiển khoảng sáng gầm xe.  ground clearance sensor = instrument that senses the distance between ground and car (for self- levelling air suspension): Cảm biến khoảng sáng gầm xe.  ground contact area n. = CONTACT PATCH: Vùng tiếp xúc.  grounding n. touching the ground (as when a long vehicle goes over a humpback bridge): Sự chạm đất (khi qua cầu) growler n. electromagnetic device used to find short circuits in coils: Thiết bò kiểm tra sự chập mạch trong cuộn dây. grown tyre n. tyre that, with use, has slightly increased in size: Bánh xe lớn. grip wrench GRP PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG 165 Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô GRP n. = GLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC grub screw n. fully threaded, headless screw: Gu rông GT (short for) Grand Touring or Gran Turismo, indicating better performance than a standard car model: Ký hiệu kiểu xe tốt hơn loại tiêu chuẩn.  GTi (short for) Grand Touring- injection: a GT model with fuel injection: Kiểu xe GT với hệ thống phun nhiên liệu. gudgeon pin n. pin in a piston which links the piston to the small end of the connecting rod: Chốt, ắc pít tông. (NOTE: US English is piston pin, wrist pin)  gudgeon pin boss = the material below the piston crown (joined to the skirt) which carries the gudgeon pin: Vấu lồi tại chốt pít tông.  gudgeon pin circlip = circlip used to secure the piston ring laterally in the piston: Vòng phe chốt pít tông. Guibo coupling n. doughnut-shaped type of flexible coupling Guibo: Khớp nối mềm. guillotine n. bench tool for cutting sheet metal.: Máy cắt tấm kim loại. gull-wing door n. roof-hinged door that opens upwards; first used on the Mercedes-Benz 300 SL in the early 1950s: Cửa mở đứng gulp valve n. vacuum-controlled valve that admits fresh air to the inlet manifold during deceleration to prevent backfiring in the exhaust system; its vacuum signal is governed by a themovalve and a solenoid valve to ensure that the gulp valve action does not interfere with cold start enrichment: Van chân không điều khiển nạp khí. gum deposit n. sticky deposit that occurs if petrol remains unused in the tank for a period of time; the use of detergent in petrol helps prevent it: Sự bám dính của cặn trong thùng xăng khi để lâu. gun v. (informal) to press the accelerator hard: Đạp ga khó (cứng) gutter n. channel at the edge of a road to carry rain water: Rãnh nước, máng nước. GV= GOVERNOR VALVE GVW= GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT grub screw GVW . fuel is sold: Garage, nhà để ôtô. 2 v. to keep in a garage: Giữ ôtô trong garage.  garaged a. kept in a garage: Giữ trong garage. (NOTE: in advertisements,. to gar’d)  garage jack n. powerful hydraulic jack used in garages: Cầu nâng thủy lực dùng trong garage. garter spring n. long, thin coil spring with