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WMP/Jan11/PHYA2 PHYA2 Centre Number Surname Other Names Candidate Signature Candidate Number General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Examination January 2011 Time allowed l 1 hour 15 minutes Instructions l Use black ink or black ball-point pen. l Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. l Answer all questions. l You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on a blank page. l Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information l The marks for questions are shown in brackets. l The maximum mark for this paper is 70. l You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. l A Data and Formulae Booklet is provided as a loose insert. l You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. For this paper you must have: l a pencil and a ruler l a calculator l a Data and Formulae Booklet. Physics A PHYA2 Unit 2 Mechanics, Materials and Waves Monday 17 January 2011 1.30 pm to 2.45 pm MarkQuestion For Examiner’s Use Examiner’s Initials TOTAL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (JAN11PHYA201) WMP/Jan11/PHYA2 Do not write outside the box Answer all questions in the spaces provided. 1 A type of exercise device is used to provide resistive forces when a person applies compressive forces to its handles. The stiff spring inside the device compresses as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 1 (a) The force exerted by the spring over a range of compressions was measured. The results are plotted on the grid below. (02) 2 spring compression force exerted by person force exerted by person metal tubes handles ∆ L 0 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.05 0.15 0.25 0.35 200 400 force / N 100 300 500 compression, ∆ l/m WMP/Jan11/PHYA2 Do not write outside the box 1 (a) (i) State Hooke’s law. (2 marks) 1 (a) (ii) State which two features of the graph confirm that the spring obeys Hooke’s law over the range of values tested. (2 marks) 1 (a) (iii) Use the graph to calculate the spring constant, stating an appropriate unit. answer = (3 marks) 1 (b) (i) The formula for the energy stored by the spring is Ε = FΔL Explain how this formula can be derived from a graph of force against extension. (3 marks) Question 1 continues on the next page (03) 3 Tur n over ᮣ 1 2 WMP/Jan11/PHYA2 Do not write outside the box 1 (b) (ii) The person causes a compression of 0.28m in a time of 1.5 s. Use the graph in part (a) to calculate the average power developed. answer = W (3 marks) 2 In a castle, overlooking a river, a cannon was once employed to fire at enemy ships. One ship was hit by a cannonball at a horizontal distance of 150 m from the cannon as shown in Figure 2. The height of the cannon above the river was 67 m and the cannonball was fired horizontally. Figure 2 2 (a) (i) Show that the time taken for the cannonball to reach the water surface after being fired from the cannon was 3.7 s. Assume the air resistance was negligible. (2 marks) (04) 4 13 Not drawn to scale 67 m path of cannonball 150 m cannon ship WMP/Jan11/PHYA2 Do not write outside the box 2 (a) (ii) Calculate the velocity at which the cannonball was fired. Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures. answer = m s –1 (2 marks) 2 (a) (iii) Calculate the vertical component of velocity just before the cannonball hit the ship. answer = m s –1 (2 marks) 2 (a) (iv) By calculation or scale drawing, find the magnitude and direction of the velocity of the cannonball just before it hit the ship. velocity = m s –1 direction = (4 marks) 2 (b) (i) Calculate the loss in gravitational potential energy of the cannonball. mass of the cannonball = 22 kg answer = J (1 mark) (05) 5 Tur n over ᮣ WMP/Jan11/PHYA2 Do not write outside the box (06) 6 2 (b) (ii) Describe the energy changes that take place from the moment the cannonball leaves the cannon until just before it hits the water. Include the effects of air resistance. (2 marks) 3 A single slit diffraction pattern is produced on a screen using a laser. The intensity of the central maximum is plotted on the axes in Figure 3. Figure 3 3 (a) On Figure 3, sketch how the intensity varies across the screen to the right of the central maximum. (2 marks) 3 (b) A laser is a source of monochromatic, coherent light. State what is meant by monochromatic light coherent light (2 marks) 13 light intensity central maximum first minimum position on screen WMP/Jan11/PHYA2 Do not write outside the box 3 (c) Describe how the pattern would change if light of a longer wavelength was used. (1 mark) 3 (d) State two ways in which the appearance of the fringes would change if the slit was made narrower. (2 marks) 3 (e) The laser is replaced with a lamp that produces a narrow beam of white light. Sketch and label the appearance of the fringes as you would see them on a screen. (3 marks) Turn over for the next question 7 (07) 10 Turn over ᮣ WMP/Jan11/PHYA2 (08) Do not write outside the box 8 There are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED WMP/Jan11/PHYA2 Do not write outside the box 4 Figure 4 shows a stationary wave on a string. The string is tied onto a thin metal bar at A and fixed at B. A vibration generator causes the bar to oscillate at a chosen frequency. Figure 4 Explain how a stationary wave is formed. Then describe the key features of the stationary wave shown in Figure 4. The quality of your written answer will be assessed in this question. (6 marks) 9 (09) 6 Turn over ᮣ metal bar oscillations AB string clamp 1.2 m WMP/Jan11/PHYA2 Do not write outside the box 5 In the 1969 Moon landing, the Lunar Module separated from the Command Module above the surface of the Moon when it was travelling at a horizontal speed of 2040 ms –1 . In order to descend to the Moon’s surface the Lunar Module needed to reduce its speed using its rocket as shown in Figure 5. Figure 5 5 (a) (i) The average thrust from the rocket was 30 kN and the mass of the Lunar Module was 15100 kg. Calculate the horizontal deceleration of the Lunar Module. answer = m s –2 (2 marks) 5 (a) (ii) Calculate the time for the Lunar Module to slow to the required horizontal velocity of 150ms –1 . Assume the mass remained constant. answer = s (2 marks) 10 (10) direction of Moon’s surface direction of motion Lunar Module rocke t [...]... The oil and the glass have the same refractive index On Figure 8, draw the path of the light ray after it strikes the boundary between the water and the glass and enters the glass Show the value of the angle of refraction in the glass (2 marks) WMP /Jan11 /PHYA2 Do not write outside the box 15 7 (c) Explain why the total internal reflection will not occur when the ray travels from water to glass ... container A ray of light in the oil is incident at an angle of 44ο on the water surface and refracts Figure 8 Not to scale light ray 44° oil θ water glass glass container air The refractive indices of the materials are as follows refractive index of oil = 1.47 refractive index of water = 1.33 refractive index of the glass = 1.47 7 (a) Show that the angle of refraction θ in Figure 8 is about 50° (2 marks)... velocity at which the Lunar Module reached the lunar surface answer = m s–1 (2 marks) Turn over for the next question 10 Turn over (11) ᮣ WMP /Jan11 /PHYA2 Do not write outside the box 12 6 A cable car system is used to transport people up a hill Figure 7 shows a stationary cable car suspended from a steel cable of cross-sectional area 2.5 × 10–3 m2 Figure 7 cable cable car 6 (a) The graph below is for a. .. Draw force vectors on Figure 6 to show the forces acting on the Lunar Module at this time Label the vectors (2 marks) 5 (b) (ii) Calculate the thrust force needed to maintain a constant vertical downwards velocity answer = N (2 marks) 5 (c) When the Lunar Module was 1.2 m from the lunar surface, the rocket was switched off At this point the vertical velocity was 0.80 m s–1 Calculate the vertical... Calculate the breaking stress, stating an appropriate unit answer = (3 marks) 6 (c) In a cable car system a 1000 m length of this cable is used Calculate the extension of this cable when the tension is 150 kN answer = m (2 marks) 9 Turn over for the next question Turn over (13) ᮣ WMP /Jan11 /PHYA2 Do not write outside the box 14 7 Figure 8 shows a layer of oil that is floating on water in a glass... (1 mark) 7 (d) Calculate the critical angle for the boundary between the glass and air answer = degrees (2 marks) 7 (e) On Figure 8, complete the path of the ray after it strikes the boundary between the glass and air (2 marks) 9 END OF QUESTIONS (15) WMP /Jan11 /PHYA2 Do not write outside the box 16 There are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED... cable 3.0 2.5 2.0 load / 105 N 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 extension / 10 –3 m 6 (a) (i) Draw a line of best fit on the graph (2 marks) 6 (a) (ii) Use the graph to calculate the initial gradient, k, for this sample of the cable answer = Nm–1 (2 marks) (12) WMP /Jan11 /PHYA2 Do not write outside the box 13 6 (b) The cable breaks when the extension of the sample reaches 7 0 mm Calculate...Do not write outside the box 11 5 (b) The rocket was then used to control the velocity of descent so that the Lunar Module descended vertically with a constant velocity as shown in Figure 6 Due to the use of fuel during the previous deceleration, the mass of the Lunar Module had fallen by 53% Figure 6 direction of Moon’s surface acceleration due to gravity near the Moon’s surface = 1.61 m s–2... (15) WMP /Jan11 /PHYA2 Do not write outside the box 16 There are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED Copyright © 2011 AQA and its licensors All rights reserved (16) WMP /Jan11 /PHYA2