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THE BEST GUIDES TO IELTS WRITING
Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa 1 Collected and Shared by Tran Manh Trung – Foreign Language Department Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa Province ************************ THE BEST GUIDES TO IELTS WRITING Thanh Hoa City 12/2012 Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa 2 FORMAL AND INFORMAL WORD LIST (Collected and selected by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University) Rules for formal writing are quite strict, though often unstated. Formal writing is used in academic and scientific settings whenever you want to convey your ideas to a wide audience, with many possible backgrounds and assumptions. Unlike casual conversation or emails to friends, formal writing needs to be clear, unambiguous, literal, and well structured. Table 01: Ord INFORMAL/EVERYDAY FORMAL/ACADEMIC VIETNAMESE MEANING 01 a lot of/ loads of/ plenty of a great deal of /numerous/ several nhiều 02 a bit Somewhat (before adj. or adv.)/ slightly một chút ít 03 to get together to collaborate with sbd on smth cộng tác 04 to start/to begin to initiate/to commence smth/v-ing bắt đầu khởi đầu 05 big large (number/percentage), considerable lớn, to lớn 06 thing device/object vật dụng/vật thể 07 stuff material chất liệu, vật liệu 08 to find out to ascertain/discover tìm ra, tìm thấy 09 to do again to repeat lặp lại Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa 3 10 to do well to succeed thành công 11 to set up to establish thiết lập 12 to cut down on to reduce giảm bớt 13 to go up to increase tăng lên 14 to come up with to create tạo ra 15 to look into to investigate điều tra 16 to go up and down to fluctuate dao động 17 to bring up a question to raise a question đưa ra vấn đề 18 to get rid of to eliminate loại bỏ 19 to turn down smth to refuse từ chối 20 to turn out smth to produce làm ra, tạo ra 21 to take smth back to retract (a statement) rút lại 22 to put off smth to postpone smth hoãn lại 23 to put up with to tolerate chịu đựng 24 to put away smth to save tiết kiệm, để dành 25 to put down to smth to attribute to quy cho, gán cho 26 to come about to occur xảy ra 27 to give up to relinquish từ bỏ 28 to go back/give back return to swh/ smth trở lại/ trả lại 29 to give off smth to produce (heat) sản sinh, tạo ra 30 to give away to betray tiết lộ, phản bội 31 to carry out smth to conduct tiến hành 32 to seem to appear hình như, dường như 33 to climb to ascend đi lên, tăng lên (số lượng) 34 to help to assist/ aid giúp đỡ 35 to stop to cease dừng lại 36 to use to consume dùng, tiêu dùng 37 to shorten to decrease/ to abbreviate giảm bớt/ rút ngắn 37 to show to demonstrate chỉ ra, chứng minh 38 to go to depart đi, khởi hành Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa 4 39 to want to desire mong muốn 40 to end to finish/ to terminate kết thúc 41 to tell to inform thông tin, cho biết 42 to keep preserve/ retain giữ gìn/ giữ 43 to say no to reject từ chối 44 to free to release/ to liberate trả tự do, phóng thích 45 to mend/ to fix to repair sửa chữa 46 to need to require cần 47 to live to reside ở tại, trú tại 48 in the end finally/ultimately cuối cùng 49 at once immediately ngay lập tức 50 at the same time simultaneously/ concurrently đồng thời, cùng lúc 51 at first initially đầu tiên 52 on and off intermittently gián đoạn, lúc có lúc không 53 mainly principally/primarily chủ yếu 54 next subsequently tiếp theo 55 again and again repeatedly lặp đi lặp lại 56 so therefore/ consequently vì thế, vì vậy 57 understanding comprehension sự hiểu 58 lack deficiency sự thiếu hụt 59 chance opportunity cơ hội, dịp 60 sweat perspiration mồ hôi 61 house residence nơi cư trú (count) 62 sight vision khả năng nhìn, thị giác 63 friendly amiable thân mật 64 whole complete toàn bộ 65 lively energetically/animated đầy sinh lực/ sống động 67 lucky fortunate may mắn Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa 5 68 childish immature/ infantile như trẻ con (tính cách) 69 wrong incorrect/questionable sai/ có vấn đề 70 worse inferior to thấp kém hơn 71 cheap inexpensive rẻ 72 dim indistinct không rõ ràng, mờ 73 mad insane điên 74 to lay back to relax thư giãn 75 in charge of responsible for chịu trách nhiệm 76 enough sufficient đầy đủ 77 better superior to tốt hơn, giỏi hơn 78 clear transparent rõ ràng 79 empty vacant trống không 80 to ask for to require/ to request đòi hỏi, yêu cầu 81 hot (topic) controversial đang gây tranh cãi 82 more and more Increasingly/ unceasingly/non-stop tăng lên không ngừng 83 to get to obtain/ to receive đạt được, lấy , mua 84 bad disappointing tồi tệ, đáng thất vọng 85 to get worse to deteriorate trở nên xấu đi 86 horrible unacceptable không thể chấp nhận, kinh khủng 87 to come in to enter đi vào 88 to talk about to discuss thảo luận 89 to go down to descend đi xuống, giảm xuống 90 to come up with to suggest gợi ý, đưa ra 91 to look at to examine xem xét 92 to pin down to determine quyết tâm , dứt khoát 93 to experience the influence of to be influenced chịu ảnh hưởng 94 Let’s consider … It is important to consider … hãy cân nhắc, xem xét 95 I love/like/prefer Personally, I favour … Tôi thích, tôi ủng hộ 96 On top of that Another point is … một điểm khác nữa là Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa 6 97 Government must make laws There is a need for laws cần có luật về … 98 In a nutshell To state it briefly/ In brief tóm lại 99 Every coin has two sides There are advantages and disadvantages to mọi vấn đề đều có ưu điểm và nhược điểm 100 by chance Incidentally nhân tiện 101 to try to attempt/ to endeavor cố gắng 102 to swap to exchange trao đổi 103 as far as x goes in respect of / with respect to đối với, về phần 104 to skip omit/not attend smth bỏ qua, không tham dự 105 by accident accidentally ngẫu nhiên, tình cờ 106 kids infants/offsprings trẻ em 107 O.K acceptable/ satisfactory được, chấp nhận được 108 to make up for to compensate for đền bù, bù lại 109 to catch on smth to understand nắm bắt, hiểu 110 to go down with a disease to contract a disease mắc bệnh 111 to go up to increase tăng lên 112 to get in touch with to contact liên hệ. liên lạc 113 to let somebody know to inform cho biết 114 to call off to cancel huỷ bỏ, bãi bỏ 115 to sort out to resolve giải quyết, đi đến quyết định 116 to deal with to handle/ to address giải quyết, xử lý 117 small minimal/limited/ modest nhỏ, bé 118 to think of to conceive of/imagine nghĩ về, suy tính 119 about an estimated, approximately, roughly khoảng chừng 120 to do (research) to carry out, perform, undertake tiến hành (nghiên cứu), đảm nhiệm 121 hard difficult, problematic,challenging khó khăn 122 to keep up to maintain duy trì 123 a lot a substantial amount, a considerable sum nhiều 124 stand for denote, represent chỉ, thay cho 126 next adjacent kề cận Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa 7 127 prove confirm khẳng định 128 rich affluent, wealthy, prosperous giàu có 129 the same as equivalent to giống nhau, tương đương 130 drink beverage (count) đồ uống 131 man male đàn ông 132 old people senior citizens, retirees người cao tuổi 133 crooks offenders, lawbreakers tội phạm 134 great, awesome preferable, desirable tuyệt vời, đáng ao ước 135 sick of, fed up with dissatisfied with không hài lòng 136 feature characteristic đặc điểm 137 before Prior to trước 138 to think (that) to assume (that) cho rằng 139 Because Owing to or due to the fact that/As a result of vì 140 Nobody can say It is impossible to predict … Không có thể dự đoán trước 141 I think that It seems that/ It could be argued that nNười ta nói rằng 142 About Regarding/ Concerning Về, về phần 143 And as well as còn, cũng như 144 but while/whereas nưng, khi mà 145 to write a cheque to issue a checque viết tờ ngân phiếu 146 carefull/cautious prudent (imprudent)/prudential cẩn thận, thận trọng 147 to check to verify kiểm tra 148 to agree with to be bound by đồng ý với 149 to go over exeed vượt quá, quá mức 150 to hand / to give to submit trình lên, nộp 152 In accordance with Pursuant to Phù hợp với 153 to involve to entail kéo theo, kèm theo 154 lost inadvertently mislaid vô tình thất lạc 155 to make sure to ensure để đảm bảo rằng 156 to order to authorise uỷ quyền Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa 8 157 to pay to settle trả tiền, thanh toán 158 to supply to furnish cung cấp 159 to take away to withdraw lấy ra, rút (tiền) ra 160 when we get … On receipt of … Khi nhận được … 161 Whenever we like / want Without prior notice … Không báo trước … 162 One after the other At regular intervals Đều đặn 163 There are no big differences between No significant differences emerges between Không có sự khác biệt đáng kể nào 164 This shows that This demonstrates that Điều này chỉ ra rằng 165 to put smth into action To be implemented/ carried out Được tiến hành, được đưa vào hoạt động 166 etc./ and so forth./ and so on. among other examples và v.v 167 i.e namely, / that is, tức là, chẳng hạn 168 e.g For example, ví dụ 169 vs. versus/as apposed of chống lại, ngược với 170 nice/ cute attractive hấp dẫn, lôi cuốn 171 smart intelligent thông minh 172 come arrive đến 173 lifestyle way of life / manner of life lối sống 174 19 th century The nineteenth century Không viết tắt 175 workmate colleague đồng nghiệp 176 tired exhausted mệt mỏi 177 drunk intoxicated bị say rượu 178 sad dejected buồn, chán nản 179 who whom ( đại từ tân ngữ, sau giới từ) ai 180 to get your money back refund your payment lấy lại tiền 181 to pay your bills to settle your account trả tiền hoá đơn mua hàng, thanh toán 182 really extremely cực kỳ, vô cùng 183 to go up to to reach lên tới (con số), đạt tới 184 to work to function hoạt động 185 breathing respiration sự hô hấp Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa 9 186 meat-eater carnivore động vật ăn thịt 187 chance opportunity cơ hội 188 wrong erroneous sai sót 189 died out extinct tuyệt chủng 190 relevant pertinent thích đáng, đúng chỗ 191 relatives kindred họ hàng thân tộc 192 copy imitate bắt chước 193 break fracture đập vỡ 194 mix blend pha trộn 195 preference predilection sự thiên vị 196 to come across to find tìm thấy 197 to do away with to abolish bãi bỏ 198 to build up to accumulate tích luỹ 199 to finish off to conclude kết luận 200 to back up to support/to advocate ủng hộ 201 to put forward propose đề xuất, đề nghị 202 to put across to express biểu lộ, bày tỏ 203 to obey a law to comply with a law tuân thủ pháp luật 204 poor country developing country nước nghèo 205 That’s why/ why For this reason, … / … the reason for … Ví lý do này 206 new novel mới 207 dependence surbodination sự phụ thuộc 208 quarrel debate/dispute Cãi nhau 209 In the same way Similarly, Tương tự như vậy 210 to look for to seek Tìm kiếm 211 way manner/solution giải pháp 212 money currency tiền tệ 213 to imagine to conceive / conceivably tưởng tượng 214 place location nơi, vị trí Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa 10 215 viewpoint stance lập trường, quan điểm 216 fast/quickly rapidly/ as a matter of urgency nhanh 217 how much to what extent (not applicable to price or amount) tới mức độ nào 218 when (conj) At the time of … Khi mà 219 In/For many years During a considearble period of years Trong nhiều năm 220 to make smth better /to get better to improve/to upgrade cải thiện, làm cho tốt hơn 221 To put on weight to gain weight Tăng cân 223 verb + not + any + noun verb + no + noun … không (cái gì) 224 verb + not + many/much + noun verb + few/little + noun … không (cái gì) 225 to give to provide đưa cho, cung cấp 226 as you can be seen as can be seen như ta có thể thấy 227 wood timber gỗ 228 to describe to depict mô tả 229 to learn by heart to memorise ghi nhớ 230 to go on to continue tiếp tục 231 may be possibly, perhaps có lẽ 232 somehow in a certain way bằng cách nào đó 233 job occupation nghề nghiệp 234 to take on employ thuê 235 to give donate, contribute cho, tặng 236 dad father bố 237 plane aeroplane máy bay 238 (not) smoke. to refrain from smoking không hút thuốc 239 to follow these guidelines. to adhere to these guidelines. theo sự chỉ dẫn 240 gran/granny/nana grandmother bà 241 every year/ each year annually hằng năm 242 glasses spectacles kính đeo mắt 243 shop retail outlet cửa hiệu 244 fridge refrigerator tủ lạnh [...]... dive to plunge Phrases to show an upward trend to show a downward trend to hit the highest point to hit the lowest point to reach a peak to show some fluctuation to fluctuate wildly to remain stable to remain static to remain unchanged to stay constant to reach a plateau to level off to flatten out the highest the lowest the second highest the third highest compared to compared with relative to Adverbs... Thanh Hoa 13 to deplete: là giảm m 14 to lessen: giảm bớt, là giảm bớt m 15 to escalate: leo thang, tăng nhan 16 to stand at the same level: giữ nguyê n 17 to fall to … %: giảm tới … % 18 to fall from … %: giảm xuống dưới … % 19 to fall by …%: giảm khoảng … % 20 to drop to … : giảm tới … % 21 to rise to … %: tăng tới … % 22 to rise by … %: tăng khoảng 23 to rise from … %: tăng từ … % 24 to increase... 8 From the graph / table it is clear … B Verbs 1 to constitute/ make up: tạo thà nh 2 to comprise: bao gồm 3 to account for: chiếm đến 4 to amount to : lê đến (số) n 5 to stand at: giữ ở (số) 6 to treble: gấp ba lần 7 to double: gấp đôi 8 to increase three fold: tăng gấp ba lần 9 to halve: chia đôi, giảm đi một nửa 10 to diminish: sụt giảm, là sụt giảm m 11 to slow down: chậm lại 12 to remain the same/... Hoa 2 THE WORDS AND PHRASES TO DESCRIBE TRENDS: Table 03: Nouns a rise an increase a surge a growth a peak a fluctuation a variation a period of stability a plateau a fall a decrease a decline a dip Verbs to rise to increase to surge to grow to peak to skyrocket to fluctuate to vary to fall to decrease to decline 16 Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa to dip to dive... There are several ways to avoid using the first person pronoun "I": One way is to let the assignment "speak for itself": for example, "I show " becomes "The report shows " "I interpret the results as " becomes "The results indicate " Another way to avoid the first person is to use the passive voice construction: Instead of write "We administered the questionnaire " "The questionnaire was administered... sentences of this kind also frequently goes by the name one, and who is standing in for a whole class of persons - The fictional you is a welcome character in speech and informal writing but is perhaps best left out of formal writing Since your reader, too, is you, the hypothetical or indefinite you may seem to cross a little too far into the reader's space for the maintenance of an impersonal air 34 Collected... Strengthening an argument There can be no doubt that… Therefore, we can say beyond any doubt that… These are just some of the reasons why… Concluding and summarising To sum up, … / In summary, … / In short, … Overall, … / On the whole, … To return to my original idea,… 14 Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa IELTS Writing Task 1: Useful Language 1 THE. .. may encounter different views about the use of "I" over the course of your degree In any case, you will need to develop the flexibility in your writing to play down the "personal element" Your lecturer, Cathi Lewis, for example, has stated that she prefers undergraduates to avoid the use of "I" in Introduction to Sociology (See the Lecturer's Advice section of this tutorial) Regardless of your 32 Collected... (passive voice) "I surveyed the literature" "The literature was surveyed" (active voice) (passive voice) "I took a sample " "A sample was taken" 33 Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa (active voice) (passive voice) NOTE: for further help with using the passive voice, go to the passives tutorial in the Grammar section of this Website - The second-person singular... - The second-person singular pronoun - you - raises a similar issue when used to refer to a hypothetical rather than a real individual Consider the following sentence: You eat peas with a fork, not with a knife - This you is not a definite person who chooses to eat peas with one utensil rather than another The meaning of the sentence is actually something like, "Peas should be eaten with a fork, not . decline a dip Verbs to rise to increase to surge to grow to peak to skyrocket to fluctuate to vary to fall to decrease to decline Collected. 44 to free to release/ to liberate trả tự do, phóng thích 45 to mend/ to fix to repair sửa chữa 46 to need to require cần 47 to live to reside