American Red Cross Text-Book on Home by Jane A. Delano and Anne Hervey Strong and American Red Cross The Project Gutenberg EBook of American Red Cross Text-Book on Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick, by Jane A. Delano and Anne Hervey Strong and American Red Cross This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: American Red Cross Text-Book on Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick Author: Jane A. Delano Anne Hervey Strong American Red Cross Release Date: May 4, 2010 [EBook #32250] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 American Red Cross Text-Book on Home by Jane A. Delano and Anne Hervey Strong and American Red Cross1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICAN RED CROSS TEXT-BOOK *** Produced by Heiko Evermann, Fox in the Stars, S.D., and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net AMERICAN RED CROSS TEXT-BOOK ON HOME CARE OF THE SICK *** DELANO AMERICAN RED CROSS TEXT-BOOK ON HOME HYGIENE AND CARE OF THE SICK BY JANE A. DELANO, R. N. Chairman of the National Committee, Red Cross Nursing Service; Director, Department of Nursing, American Red Cross; Late Superintendent of the Nurse Corps, U. S. A.; of the Training Schools for Nurses, Bellevue Hospital, New York City; and of the Training School for Nurses, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia REVISED AND REWRITTEN BY ANNE HERVEY STRONG, R. N. Professor of Public Health Nursing, Simmons College, Boston This is the Second Edition of the American Red Cross Text-book in Elementary Hygiene and Home Care of the Sick by Jane A. Delano and Isabel McIsaac. PREPARED FOR AND ENDORSED BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS PHILADELPHIA P. BLAKISTON'S SON & CO. American Red Cross Text-Book on Home by Jane A. Delano and Anne Hervey Strong and American Red Cross2 1012 WALNUT STREET COPYRIGHT, 1918, BY AMERICAN RED CROSS THE MAPLE PRESS YORK PA PREFACE To the woman who wishes to protect her family from preventable diseases and is anxious to fit herself in the absence of a trained nurse to give intelligent care to those who are sick, this revision of the Red Cross text-book on Elementary Hygiene and Home Care of the Sick is particularly directed. It should appeal to men and to women who are interested in maintaining the health of their neighborhoods and communities and in affording effective coöperation to the public health authorities. To teachers wishing to impart protective health information to high school pupils, the book also should be useful as a class text as well as a guide. The war, which has caused the withdrawal from private practice of thousands of physicians and graduate nurses, makes it peculiarly important to the nation for every adult to have sound knowledge as to how to prevent contagion and epidemics, especially by precautionary attention to home and local sanitation. With nurses becoming more difficult to secure, the safety of the family demands that some member in each household know enough about elementary nursing to make a patient comfortable and to carry out accurately the instructions of the physician. The work of revision, based upon the latest knowledge of hygiene, sanitation and methods of home-nursing has been done by Miss Anne Hervey Strong, Professor of Public Health Nursing, Simmons College, under the personal direction of the author and the National Committee on Red Cross Nursing Service. The material has been painstakingly read by Dr. H. W. Rucker and Dr. Taliaferro Clarke of the United States Public Health Service, and Lieutenant Colonel Clarence H. Connor, Medical Corps, United States Army. Indebtedness to Dr. H. M. McCracken, President of Vassar College and Director of the Red Cross Junior Membership, for his valuable suggestion as to adapting the book for high school use as well as for the assistance rendered by his Department, also is gladly acknowledged. J. A. D. ACKNOWLEDGMENT I wish to express my gratitude to those who have so kindly helped in the work of preparing the present edition. Thanks are especially due to Professor Isabel Stewart, Miss Anna C. Jamme, Professor Curtis M. Hilliard, Professor Maurice Bigelow, Miss Katharine Lord, Miss Josephine Goldmark, and Miss Evelyn Walker. A. H. S. CONTENTS PREFACE v INTRODUCTION xi American Red Cross Text-Book on Home by Jane A. Delano and Anne Hervey Strong and American Red Cross3 CHAPTER I PAGE CAUSES AND PREVENTION OF SICKNESS 1 Communicable diseases, 1. Micro-organisms and bacteria, 1. Parasites, 3. Structure and development of parasites, 4. Bacteria, 4. Shape, 4. Size, 5. Motion, 5. Multiplication, 5. Spores, 7. Distribution, 8. Protozoa, 8. Visible parasites, 8. Transmission of pathogenic organisms, 9. Defenses of the body, 12. Immunity, 13. Vaccination and inoculation, 15. Carriers, 17. Non-communicable diseases, 20. Physical examinations, 22. CHAPTER I 4 CHAPTER II HEALTH AND THE HOME 27 Heredity, 27. Hygiene of environment and person, 28. Ventilation, 29. Lighting, 32. Cleanliness of houses, 33. Garbage, 37. Insects, 38. Sewage, 39. Personal cleanliness, 41. Oral hygiene, 44. Treatment of teeth, 46. Clothing, 47. Food, 48. Elimination, 52. Rest and fatigue, 53. Sleep, 55. Recreation, 55. CHAPTER II 5 CHAPTER III BABIES AND THEIR CARE 60 Growth and development, 64. Average size, 64. Muscular development, 65. Development of special senses, of speech, of teeth, 66. Normal excretions, 67. Clothing, 68. Sleep, 70. Fresh air, 72. Diet, 72. Intervals of feeding, 73. Water, 75. Weaning, 75. Nursing bottles and nipples, 75. Tables of diet, 78. Bathing, 78. Eyes, 80. Mouth, 81. Nostrils, 81. Genital organs, 81. Development of habits, 82. Exercise, 83. Play and toys, 85. CHAPTER III 6 CHAPTER IV INDICATIONS OF SICKNESS 88 Objective symptoms, 92. Temperature, 92. Pulse, 96. Respiration, 99. General appearance, 100. Special senses, 101. Voice, tongue, throat, gums, 102. Cough, 103. Appetite, 103. Excretions, 103. Loss of weight, 104. Sleep, 104. Mental conditions, 104. Subjective symptoms, 105. Pain, 105. Records, 107. Tuberculosis, cancer and mental illness, 107. Tuberculosis, 109. Cancer, 111. Mental illness, 112. CHAPTER IV 7 CHAPTER V EQUIPMENT AND CARE OF THE SICK ROOM 117 Choice of a sick room, 118. Furnishing, 120. Ventilation, 123. Heating, 124. Lighting, 124. Cleaning, 126. The attendant, 127. CHAPTER V 8 CHAPTER VI BEDS AND BEDMAKING 132 Bedsteads, 133. Mattresses, 135. Care of the mattress, 136. Pillows, 136. Protection of the mattress and pillows, 137. Rubber sheets and pillow-cases, 138. Sheets, 139. Draw sheets, 139. Pillow covers, 140. Blankets, 140. Comforters and quilts, 141. Counterpanes, 141. Bedmaking, 141. To make an unoccupied bed, 143. To change a patient's pillows, 146. Lifting a patient in bed, 146. To turn a patient in bed, 147. To change sheets while patient is in bed, 147. To move patient from one bed to another, 150. CHAPTER VI 9 CHAPTER VII BATHS AND BATHING 154 Cleansing baths, 154. Bed bath, 156. Care of the mouth and teeth, 160. Care of the hair, 163. To wash the hair of a bed patient, 164. Hot foot-baths, 165. Cool sponge bath, 166. CHAPTER VII 10 [...]... should be ignorant of the principles of hygiene The American Red Cross, recognizing the part that women can and should play in preventing sickness and in building up the health and vigor of the nation, has added to its larger patriotic services this elementary course of instruction in hygiene and home care of the sick The lessons are not intended to take the place of a nurse's training, and procedures... and exclusion from school, 247 Disinfection, 248 Care of nose and throat discharges, 249 Care of discharges from the bowels and bladder, 249 Bath water, 250 Care of the hands, 250 Care of utensils, 251 Care of linen, 251 Disinfection of the person, 252 Termination of quarantine, 252 Terminal disinfection, 253 Fumigation, 254 CHAPTER XIII 16 CHAPTER XIII COMMON AILMENTS AND EMERGENCIES 257 Conditions... once, but scores and hundreds of times during the day's round of the individual The cook spreads his saliva on the muffins and rolls, the waitress infects the glasses and spoons, the moistened fingers of the peddler arrange his fruit, the thumb of the milkman is in his measure, the reader moistens the pages of his book, the conductor his transfer tickets, the "lady" the fingers of her glove Every one... strains on other muscles and organs FOOD. Two distinct problems are encountered here: the problem of nutrition, and the problem of preventing sickness Nutrition, or proper feeding, is a subject beyond the scope of this book; it is nevertheless one of the most important, if not the most important, factor in maintaining health Food preparation and care of children, the two most important functions of the home, ... examinations of the employees of whole institutions, large banks and other industrial concerns in New York City, and we find almost the same conditions there Out of 2000 such examinations among young men and women of an average age of 33, just in the early prime of life, men and women supposedly picked because of their especial fitness for work, only 3.14% were found free of impairment or of habits of living... the diet of sedentary persons and indeed of everyone in warm weather The amount of food required in 24 hours depends on many factors: age, height, weight, occupation, season, and habit Underweight and overweight are both abnormal conditions; probably the latter is the more easily remedied Both require the advice of a physician Rapid reduction of weight involves certain dangers, especially for persons... pasteurization is to be done." (Ruth Vories, in "Health News," Sept., 1916.) ELIMINATION. Careful attention should be paid to elimination through the bowels and kidneys Constipation is responsible for many common ailments; among them are headache, disinclination to work, irritable temper, and lowered resistance If long continued, constipation becomes serious both from congestion and displacement of pelvic... number of times that the fingers go to the mouth and the nose Not only is the saliva made use of for a great variety of purposes, and numberless articles are for one reason or another placed in the mouth, but for no reason whatever, and all unconsciously, the fingers are with great frequency raised to the lips or the nose Who can doubt that if the salivary glands secreted indigo the fingers would continually... by the increase of cancer, and of degenerative diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys Degeneration of tissues is normally a condition typical of old age, and in aged persons it may occur in any tissue There is no elixir of youth, and for old age there is no cure But the important facts in this connection are that degenerative changes now occur prematurely, and that among a vast number of. .. diseases, and from syphilis in particular; poisons from chronic infections, alcohol, and industrial poisons such as lead and other metals; overeating and improper eating, especially of meat and other proteins, and rich or highly seasoned food; faulty digestion, constipation, and imperfect elimination through the kidneys. (See Dr A E Shipley, in bulletin of the N Y City Dept of Health, Feb., 1915.) The importance . Cross Text-Book on Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick, by Jane A. Delano and Anne Hervey Strong and American Red Cross This eBook is for the use of anyone. American Red Cross Text-Book on Home by Jane A. Delano and Anne Hervey Strong and American Red Cross The Project Gutenberg EBook of American Red Cross