PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY SERIES - PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING ppt

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PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING Edited by ANWAR SHAH PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY SERIES PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING Introduction to the Public Sector Governance and Accountability Series Anwar Shah, Series Editor A well-functioning public sector that delivers quality public services consistent with citizen pref- erences and that fosters private market-led growth while managing fiscal resources prudently is considered critical to the World Bank’s mission of poverty alleviation and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. This important new series aims to advance those objec- tives by disseminating conceptual guidance and lessons from practices and by facilitating learning from each others’ experiences on ideas and practices that promote responsive (by matching public services with citizens’ preferences), responsible (through efficiency and equity in service provision without undue fiscal and social risk), and accountable (to citizens for all actions) public governance in developing countries. This series represents a response to several independent evaluations in recent years that have argued that development practitioners and policy makers dealing with public sector reforms in developing countries and, indeed,anyone with a concern for effective public gov- ernance could benefit from a synthesis of newer perspectives on public sector reforms. This series distills current wisdom and presents tools of analysis for improving the efficiency, equity, and efficacy of the public sector. Leading public policy experts and practitioners have contributed to this series. The first 14 volumes in this series, listed below, are concerned with public sector accountability for prudent fiscal management; efficiency,equity, and integrity in public service provision; safeguards for the protection of the poor, women, minorities, and other dis- advantaged groups; ways of strengthening institutional arrangements for voice, choice, and exit; means of ensuring public financial accountability for integrity and results; methods of evaluating public sector programs, fiscal federalism, and local finances; international practices in local governance; and a framework for responsive and accountable governance. Fiscal Management Public Services Delivery Public Expenditure Analysis Local Governance in Industrial Countries Local Governance in Developing Countries Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers: Principles and Practice Participatory Budgeting Budgeting and Budgetary Institutions Local Budgeting Local Public Financial Management Performance Accountability and Combating Corruption Tools for Public Sector Evaluations Macrofederalism and Local Finances Citizen-Centered Governance PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY SERIES PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING Edited by ANWAR SHAH THE WORLD BANK Washington, D.C. ©2007 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org E-mail: feedback@worldbank.org All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 10 09 08 07 This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations,and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW, Washing- ton, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2422; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. ISBN-10: 0-8213-6923-7 ISBN-13: 978-0-8213-6923-4 eISBN-10: 0-8213-6924-5 eISBN-13: 978-0-8213-6924-1 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-6923-4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Participatory budgeting / edited by Anwar Shah. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8213-6923-4 ISBN-10: 0-8213-6923-7 ISBN-10: 0-8213-6924-5 (electronic) 1. Local budgets–Citizen participation–Case studies. 2. Local finance–Case studies. I. Shah, Anwar. HJ9111.P37 2007 352.4'8214–dc22 2006032525 v Contents Foreword xiii Preface xv Acknowledgments xvii Contributors xix Abbreviations and Acronyms xxiii Overview 1 Anwar Shah Part I Introduction to Participatory Budgeting A Guide to Participatory Budgeting 21 Brian Wampler History of Participatory Budgeting 23 How and Where Does Participatory Budgeting Work? 24 State of the Debate 32 Types of Participatory Budgeting Programs 36 1 CHAPTER Actors and Motivations for Embracing Participatory Budgeting 39 Administrative Reform 44 Limitations of Participatory Budgeting 45 How and Where Can Participatory Budgeting Be Implemented? 47 Policy Implications 49 References 53 Citizen Participation in Budgeting: Prospects for Developing Countries 55 Donald P. Moynihan Why Is Participation Important? 55 Fostering Broad and Meaningful Participation in Developing Countries 62 The Government’s Perspective on Public Participation 78 Conclusions 83 Notes 83 References 83 Part II Regional Surveys Lessons from Latin America’s Experience with Participatory Budgeting 91 Benjamin Goldfrank History of Participatory Budgeting 92 Normative and Analytical Approaches to Participatory Budgeting 94 National Case Studies 101 Conclusions 116 Notes 119 References 121 Participatory Budgeting in Central and Eastern Europe 127 Alta Fölscher The Central and Eastern European Context 128 Case Studies of Participatory Budgeting 134 vi Contents 3 4 2 Conclusions and Lessons Learned 143 Annex: Achievements, Challenges, and Lessons from Participatory Budgeting Processes in Case Study Countries 148 Note 155 References 155 Participatory Budgeting in Asia 157 Alta Fölscher How Can Citizen Participation Enhance Development? 158 The Asian Context 159 Types of Participatory Budgeting Initiatives 164 Lessons from the Asian Experience 179 Conclusions 187 Notes 188 References 188 Sub-Saharan Africa’s Experience with Participatory Budgeting 191 Adrienne Shall Legal Framework, Mechanisms for Participation, and Impact of Participatory Budgeting 192 Challenges and Lessons Learned 216 Conclusions 221 Notes 222 References 222 Participatory Budgeting in the Middle East and North Africa 225 Alta Fölscher Potential for Participatory Budgeting 225 Democracy and Islamic Rules and Values 237 Notes 240 References 240 Contents vii 5 6 7 Appendix: A Primer on Effective Participation 243 Alta Fölscher Citizen Participation and State Effectiveness 243 Types of Participation 246 Preconditions and Enabling Factors for Citizen Engagement with Public Decisions 247 References 255 Index 257 On CD ROM Part III Country Case Studies on Civic Participation in Subnational Budgeting Bangladesh: Civic Participation in Subnational Budgeting 1 Atiur Rahman, Mahfuz Kabir, and Mohammad A. Razzaque Civic Participation in Subnational Budgeting 3 Capacity Building to Support Civic Participation 18 Conclusion 22 Annex 1: I-PRSP’s Medium-Term Agenda to Enhance Civic Participation in Local Governance 23 Annex 2: Internal Sources of Revenue of LGIs 24 References 27 Abbreviations 29 India: Civic Participation in Subnational Budgeting 31 Samuel Paul The Three Levels of Government in India 32 Case Study 1: DISHA, Participation in State-Level Budgeting 33 Case Study 2: PROOF, a Citizen’s Forum for Monitoring City Budgets 38 Lessons Learned 43 Capacity Building for Civic Participation 45 viii Contents [...]... understanding of what works and what does not work in improving public sector governance, especially with respect to combating corruption and making services work for poor people The Public Sector Governance and Accountability Series advances our knowledge by providing tools and lessons from practices in improving the efficiency and equity of public services provision and strengthening institutions of accountability. .. government operations and to deliberate, debate, and influence the allocation of public resources It is a tool for educating, engaging, and empowering citizens and strengthening demand for good governance The enhanced transparency and accountability that participatory budgeting creates can help reduce government inefficiency and curb clientelism, patronage, and corruption Participatory budgeting also strengthens... frameworks for responsive and accountable governance; and fiscal federalism and local governance This series will be of interest to public officials, development practitioners, students of development, and those interested in public governance in developing countries Frannie A Léautier Vice President World Bank Institute Preface Participatory budgeting has been advanced by budget practitioners and academics as... the impact of participatory budgeting programs on social justice, public learning, and administrative reform These include the 4 Anwar Shah primary focus on specific public works, the dependence of the participants on the mayor’s office, the role of long-term planning within participatory budgeting, the emphasis on local issues and local public policies, and the danger that participatory budgeting programs... pro-market reforms Second, the ideological contests surrounding participatory budgeting continue and are likely to persist Development agencies are advocating and local governments are adopting participatory budgeting from Albania to Zambia Participatory budgeting also has old and new champions in the recently ascendant Latin American left Third, within the struggle to define, propose, and implement participatory. .. College of Public Administration and Governance, the University of the Philippines; secretary-general of the Association of Schools of Public Administration of the Philippines; and deputy secretary general of the Eastern Regional Organization for Public Administration He is the author of Innovations and Excellence in Local Governance (2004), The Philippine Presidency (1992), and Dictatorship and Martial... participation and participatory budgeting in scholarly books and journals MAHFUZ KABIR xix xx Contributors is the managing director of Development Partnership International, a Switzerland-based development consultancy company specializing in governance issues in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union She is an expert on citizen participation in governance, democratic decentralization, public sector transparency... Outcomes and Unintended Consequences of Participatory Budgeting 27 Roles of Government and Participants during the First Round of the Participatory Budgeting Process (March–June) 29 Roles of Government and Participants during the Second Round of the Participatory Budgeting Process (July–November) 30 Roles of Government and Participants during Project Implementation 31 Number of Participants in Participatory. .. help shape public sector performance—are rooted in a country’s accountability frameworks Sound public sector management and government spending help determine the course of economic development and social equity, especially for the poor and other disadvantaged groups, such as women and the elderly Many developing countries, however, continue to suffer from unsatisfactory and often dysfunctional governance. .. principles underlying participatory budgeting It analyzes the merits and demerits of participatory budgeting practices around the world with a view to guiding policy makers and practitioners on improving such practices in the interest of inclusive governance This publication includes five regional surveys, and seven country case studies can be found on the accompanying CD ROM Participatory Budgeting advances . Washing- ton, DC 20433, USA; fax: 20 2-5 2 2-2 422; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. ISBN-10: 0-8 21 3-6 92 3-7 ISBN-13: 97 8-0 -8 21 3-6 92 3-4 eISBN-10: 0-8 21 3-6 92 4-5 . 0-8 21 3-6 92 4-5 eISBN-13: 97 8-0 -8 21 3-6 92 4-1 DOI: 10.1596/97 8-0 -8 21 3-6 92 3-4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Participatory budgeting / edited

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  • Contents

  • Foreword

  • Preface

  • Acknowledgments

  • Contributors

  • Abbreviations and Acronyms

  • Overview

  • Part I Introduction to Participatory Budgeting

    • 1 A Guide to Participatory Budgeting

      • History of Participatory Budgeting

      • How and Where Does Participatory Budgeting Work?

      • State of the Debate

      • Types of Participatory Budgeting Programs

      • Actors and Motivations for Embracing Participatory Budgeting

      • Administrative Reform

      • Limitations of Participatory Budgeting

      • How and Where Can Participatory Budgeting Be Implemented?

      • Policy Implications

      • References

      • 2 Citizen Participation in Budgeting: Prospects for Developing Countries

        • Why Is Participation Important?

        • Fostering Broad and Meaningful Participation in Developing Countries

        • The Government's Perspective on Public Participation

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