Thông tin tài liệu
2012
Information and Communications
for Development
Maximizing
Mobile
2012
Information and Communications
for Development
Maximizing Mobile
2012
Information and Communications
for Development
© 2012 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433
Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org
Some rights reserved
1 2 3 4 15 14 13 12
This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. Note that The World Bank does
not necessarily own each component of the content included in the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant
that the use of the content contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of third parties. The risk of claims
resulting from such infringement rests solely with you.
The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The
World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guaran-
tee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information
shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status
of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immuni-
ties of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.
Rights and Permissions
This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license (CC BY 3.0)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy,
distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions:
Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2012. Information and Communications for Development
2012: Maximizing Mobile. Washington, DC: World Bank. DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8991-1; website: http://www
.worldbank.org/ict/IC4D2012. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0
Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution:
This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The
World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation.
All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street
NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org.
ISBN (paper): 978-0-8213-8991-1
ISBN (electronic): 978-0-8213-9587-5
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8991-1
Cover photographs: Top and bottom: G. M. B. Akash / Panos; center: Mr. Pierre C. Sibiry Traore, ICRISAT, AgCom-
mons, a program executed by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR); right: The
Commonwealth of Learning
Cover design: Naylor Design
Table of Contents
Foreword xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Abbreviations xvii
PART I
Executive Summary 3
Tim Kelly and Michael Minges
Main messages 3
Why are mobile phones now considered indispensable? 4
A mobile green revolution 5
Keep using the tablets—how mobile devices are changing health care 5
Mobile money 6
Get a phone, get a job, start a business 6
Using phones to bring governments and citizens closer 6
Onward and upward to mobile broadband 7
Appendixes 7
Infographic: Maximizing Mobile for Development 8
Chapter 1 Overview 11
Michael Minges
How mobile phones are used 13
Data traffic 18
The changing mobile ecosystem 19
Mobile-enabled social and economic trends 22
Structure of the report 27
Notes 27
References 28
v
vi Contents
Chapter 2 Mobilizing the Agricultural Value Chain 31
Naomi J. Halewood and Priya Surya
Making information mobile 31
Improved access to agricultural information 33
Improving data visibility for value-chain efficiency 37
Enhancing access to markets 39
Policy considerations 41
Conclusions 41
Notes 42
References 42
Chapter 3 mHealth 45
Nicolas Friederici, Carol Hullin, and Masatake Yamamichi
Why mHealth? Opportunities and challenges 45
The potential of mHealth 50
The mHealth ecosystem 52
Business models for mHealth 52
Principles for implementing mHealth applications 53
Conclusions 57
Notes 58
References 58
Chapter 4 Mobile Money for Financial Inclusion 61
Kevin Donovan
Mobile money: an ecosystem approach 61
The financial inclusion imperative 62
What is the impact of mobile money? 63
Growing mobile money: challenges
and success stories 65
Emerging issues in mobile money 66
Conclusions 71
Notes 72
References 72
Chapter 5 Mobile Entrepreneurship and Employment 75
Maja Andjelkovic and Saori Imaizumi
Open innovation and mobile entrepreneurship 76
Mobile incubators 79
Mobile microwork 81
Mobiles and recruitment 82
Conclusions and considerations for policy-makers 83
Notes 85
References 86
Contents vii
Chapter 6 Making Government Mobile 87
Siddhartha Raja and Samia Melhem with Matthew Cruse, Joshua
Goldstein, Katherine Maher, Michael Minges, and Priya Surya
A typology of mGovernment 87
Drivers for mGovernment 89
Challenges for governments 93
Enabling the technology transformation 94
Emerging best practices for going mobile 95
Conclusions 98
Notes 99
References 100
Chapter 7 Policies for Mobile Broadband 103
Victor Mulas
The mobile broadband opportunity and developing countries 103
Policy recommendations for facilitating mobile broadband diffusion 104
Conclusions 110
Notes 110
References 111
PART II
Key Trends in the Development of the Mobile Sector 115
Michael Minges
Access 115
Mobile broadband 120
Devices 121
Mobile industry 124
A mobile analytical tool 126
Notes 133
References 134
Data Notes 135
Kaoru Kimura and Michael Minges
Definitions and data sources 138
Mobile at-a-glance country tables 141
Key mobile indicators for other economies, 2010 217
Contributors 219
BOXES
Part I
1.1 Mobile phones and applications 14
1.2 How to make a million from Angry Birds 19
1.3 Smartphones and tablets for development 24
2.1 How Reuters Market Light generates hyperlocalized information 35
2.2 A pregnant pause for Sri Lanka’s cows 36
2.3 Tracking specialty coffee 38
2.4 DrumNet, the value chain on your mobile phone 39
3.1 Kenya: A breeding ground for mHealth applications 48
3.2 Ethiopia: SMS helps in monitoring UNICEF’s food supply chain 49
3.3 India: Health Management and Research Institute—104 Mobile 56
4.1 One device, many channels 62
4.2 Using mobile money 64
4.3 Business models for mobile money 67
4.4 Interoperability and innovation in mobile money 70
5.1 AkiraChix 78
5.2 infoDev’s mLabs and mHubs 80
5.3 Mobile microwork: JANA 82
5.4 Turning ideas into applications: “Mobile To Work” challenge 83
5.5 Business processes for job seekers and employers: Souktel’s JobMatch 84
6.1 The mobile telephone as a tool for citizen voice and empowerment 90
6.2 Kerala’s mobile government program 93
6.3 Evolving toward coordination: the case of the Republic of Korea 94
6.4 Open data and mobile access in Kenya 97
6.5 Challenges to trust and credibility 99
7.1 Using reverse auctions to match spectrum allocations with
coverage obligations in Chile 107
Part II
A.1 Mobile use in rural China 118
FIGURES
Part I
1.1 The developing world: young and mobile 12
1.2 Talking and paying: mobile voice use and price for selected countries, 2010 14
1.3 Mobile phone usage around the world, 2011 16
1.4 Worldwide SMS and Twitter traffic 17
1.5 Data, data everywhere 20
1.6 Apples and Berries: iPhone sales and Blackberry subscriptions 20
1.7 Changing market share of mobile handset sales by operating system 21
1.3.1 Annotated screenshot of Bangladesh’s Amadeyr Tablet 24
1.8 Mapping calls for protest on Facebook to actual “Arab Spring”
demonstrations, 2011 26
1.9 Mobile phone versus internet access household availability 27
3.1.1 MedAfrica app 48
3.2.1 RapidSMS in Ethiopia 49
3.1 Relative popularity of consumer health applications in Apple’s App Store, 2011 51
viii Contents
. 2012
Information and Communications
for Development
Maximizing
Mobile
2012
Information and Communications
for Development
Maximizing Mobile
2012
Information. Bank. 2012. Information and Communications for Development
2012: Maximizing Mobile. Washington, DC: World Bank. DOI: 10.1596/97 8-0 -8 21 3-8 99 1-1 ; website:
Ngày đăng: 05/03/2014, 22:20
Xem thêm: Information and Communications for Development 2012 - Maximizing Mobile pdf, 4 DrumNet, the value chain on your mobile phone, 3 India: Health Management and Research Institute—104 Mobile, 4 Turning ideas into applications: “Mobile To Work” challenge, 3 Evolving toward coordination: the case of the Republic of Korea, 2 Talking and paying: mobile voice use and price for selected countries, 2010, 6 Apples and Berries: iPhone sales and Blackberry subscriptions, 8 Mapping calls for protest on Facebook to actual “Arab Spring” demonstrations, 2011, 2 Number of countries with at least one mHealth deployment, by World Bank region, 2 infoDev’s network of mLabs, A.4 Population, mobile subscriptions, and poverty headcount in low- and middle-income economies, A.15 Mobile analytical tool: China and Sri Lanka compared, 2 Impact of ICT on farmers, traders, and consumers, A.4 Mobile analytical tool components for 100 selected economies, 2005 and 2010