Experiments Planning, Analysis, and Optimization Second Edition C. F. JEFFWU School of IndustriaJ and Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia MICHAEL S. HAMADA Los Alamos NationaJ Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico ~WILEY A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic. mechanical. photocopying. recording. scanning. or otherwise. except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, with- out either the prior written permission of the Publisher. or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center. Inc .• 222 Rosewood Drive. Danvers. MA 01923. (978) 750-8400. fax (978) 750-4470. or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department. John Wiley & Sons. Inc., III River Street. Hoboken. NJ 07030. (201) 748-6011. fax (201) 748-6008. or online at www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of LiabilitylDisclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages. including but not limited to special. incidental. consequential. or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. UbrQry of COllgress CIIIlI/ogillg-Ul-Publicalioll DIIIlI: Wu. Chien-Fu Jeff. Experiments: planning. analysis. and optimization I C. F. Jeff Wu. Michael S. Hamada. - 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-471-69946-0 (cloth) I. Experimental design. I. Hamada, Michael, 1955- II. Title. QA279.W7 2009 519.5·7-dc22 Printed in United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I 2008049909 To my parents and Jung Hee, Christina, and Alexandra M. S. H. To my mother and family C. F. J. W. [...]... provided more explanation and details to clarify the calculations required in the various data analyses considered The ideas, derivations, and data analysis illustrations are presented at a more leisurely pace than in the first edition For example, first edition Chapter 1 has been expanded into second edition Chapters 1 and 2 Consequently, second edition Chapters 3-14 correspond to first edition Chapters 2-13... equally well and one must be chosen for optimization For further discussion on the planning of experiments, see Coleman and Montgomery (1993), Knowlton and Keppinger (1993), and Barton (1997) 1.3 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES: REPLICATION, RANDOMIZATION, AND BLOCKING There are three fundamental principles that need to be considered in the design of an experiment: replication, randomization, and blocking Other... attention in standard application-oriented texts These include mixed two- and four-level designs, the method of collapsing for generating xix xx PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION orthogonal main-effect plans, Plackett-Burman designs, and mixed-level orthogonal wTays The main goal of writing this book is to fill in these gaps and present a new and integrated system of expelimental design and analysis, which... to the Second Edition Nearly a decade has passed since the publication of the first edition Many instructors have used the first edition to teach master's and Ph.D students Based on their feedback and our own teaching experience, it became clear that we needed to revise the book to make it more accessible to a larger audience, including upper-level undergraduates To this end, we have expanded and reorganized... planning techniques, and modeling and analysis strategies Chapter 12 is concerned with experiments for reliability improvement Both failure time data and degradation data are considered Chapter 13 is concerned with experiments with nonnonnal responses Several approaches to analysis are considered, including generalized linear models and Bayesian methods xxi PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION The book has... and at the University of Waterloo (1988-1995) with support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the GMINSERC Chair in Quality and Productivity We have benefited from the comments and assistance of many col1eagues and fonner students, including Julie Berube, Derek Bingham, Ching-Shui Cheng, Hugh Chipman, David Fenscik, Xiaoli Hou, Longcheen Huwang, Bill Meeker, Randy... Design Matrix and Response Data, Ranitidine Experiment 460 Design Matrix and Yield Data for First-Order Design 467 Design Matrix and Yield Data for Second- Order Design 469 Design Matrix, Ranitidine Screening Experiment 473 Design Matrix and Response Data, Final Second- Order Ranitidine Experiment 479 Runs Along the First Steepest Ascent Direction 496 Central Composite Design 496 Design Matrix and Response... between the conclusions from the analysis and th~ original objectives of the investigation Experimentation is used to understand and/ or improve a system A systerr can be a product or process A product can be one developed in engineering biology, or the physical sciences A process can be a manufacturing process, f Experiments, Second Edition By C F Jeff Wu and Michael S Hamada Convright . Experiments Planning, Analysis, and Optimization Second Edition C. F. JEFFWU School of IndustriaJ and Systems Engineering. in the first edition. For example, first edition Chapter 1 has been expanded into second edition Chapters 1 and 2. Consequently, second edition Chapters