VfiN D€ THU HUT VA SU" DUNG H6 TRO PHHT TRI€N CHINH THU'C (ODR) cun PHRP TRI VICT NRAA TS. Nguyen Thj Kim Chi Dgi Itgc Kinh te, Dgi hgc Quoc gia Hd Ngi \. CHINH SACH VA QUY CHE CUNG CAP ODA CUA PHAP CHO VIET NAM TRONG THOI GIAN QUA 1. Cac cong cu va dieu kien vien trg ciia Phap Nam 1992, Phap cimg mdt sd nudc giup Viet Nam tai lap quan he tai ehinh vai eac djnh che Bretton Wood, mdr ra mdt giai doan mdi trong quan he ciia Viet Nam vai cpng ddng tai trg qudc te. Ciing tir giai doan nay, quan he hgp tac phdt trien Viet Phap da dugc thiet lap mdt each viing chdc. Trong hon 18 nam qua, hdu bet cac cdng cy chuyen tai ODA cua Phdp da dugc dp dyng tai Viet Nam, dap iing kjp thdri nhiing yeu cdu nhieu mat trong qud trinh phdt trien cua Viet Nam. Thu nhat, Ngiti dinli thu Tai chinh thudng nien: Day Id hinh thiic tdi trg truyen thdng, bao gdm mdt danh muc cdc dy an dugc chinh phu hai nuac thod thudn vd ky kit. Cac dy an ndy dugc tdi trg khdng hodn lai vd vdn vay uu dai vai thdnh td khdng hodn lai binh qudn khodng 35%), ddc biet cd mdt dy an thdnh td khdng hodn lai dat 80% (truang hgp ddc biet). Tiln vay tir Nghi dinh thu phdi sir dyng de mua hang hoa va dich vu eiia Phap, ddu thau ban che trong eae cdng ty Phap. De cdi tien Nghj djnh thu Tai ehinh hang nam, tir nam 1998 trd lai day, hai ben da chuyen each lam tir ky Nghj djnh thu Tai chinh cho nhieu dy an sang ky nghi djnh thu cho timg dy an cu the ma khdng khdng ehe ngdn sdch tdi trg hang nam. Ddng thdi cae nghj djnh thu khdng cd eae khoan tdi trg khdng hodn lai, chi cd cae khoan vay uu dai. Trong giai doan nay, tai trg tir Nghj djnh thu dugc tap trung cho "dc ITnh vyc uu tien nhu thoat nuac vd xir ly rac thai, hang khdng, dudng sat, vien thdng vd che bien ndng san thye phdm. Thu hai, Quy Phdt triin Phdp (CFD): Dugc dua vdo van hdnh tir nam 1994, CFD bao gdm: Vien trg khdng hoan lai eho nghien ciiu vd lap cdc dy an khd thi; Cho vay dac biet uu ddi cho hd trg ky thuat vd cae bien phdp di kem cdc du dn (thdri gian vay 30 ndm; an han 10 ndm vd ldi sudt 1 %/nam); Va cho vay uu dai theo dy dn (thdi gian vay 20 nam, an han 7 ndm, lai sudt 2,5%/nam). Dilu kien tdi chinh dugc CFD quy dinh theo timg 54 NGHIEN cau CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°l 2 (135).2011 nam tai khoa, va thdng bao cho Bg Ke ho^ch va Dau tu vao dau ndm. Khoan tdi trg ciia CFD khdng cd dilu kicMi xuat xir vd dau thau qudc lc rdng rai. Chiin luge cua CFD tgi Vicl Nam xoay quanh ha linh virc chinh .sau: I) Ndng ihdn: Nang cao chdt lugng, kha nang canh tranh, da dang hoa cac nganh ndng nghiep, djch vu ea .sa phue \ u nhan dan, cac vcu td chinh eho su on djnh ehinh trj xa hgi; 2) Do thi: Phat trien ca sd ha tang dd thj, dae bipt la cae van dl \ c nude gan vai cae van de ve sire khoe va mdi Irudaig; 3) Tdi chinh (ITnh vyc chii yeu de phat trien mdt mdi Irudng kinh te dn djnh va hieu qua): Hudng cae ngudn tiet kiem vao cae dy an san xudt Thir ba, Quy Dodn kit uu tien: Ld mdt cdng cy khac dap iing eac nhu cdu phat trien eiia Viet Nam, nhat Id trong ITnh vyc phat trien ngudn nhan lyc, tdng cudng ndng lyc vd the che. Day la khodn vien trg khdng hodn lai tir quy Bd Ngoai giao Phap cho cdc dy an nghien cim ddo tao, vdn hod nghp thudt Hang nam, Viet Nam dugc thu hudng khodn vien trg khdng hodn lai khodng 4 5 tripu euro tir quy ndy. Ngodi ra, cdc cdng cu vien trg ODA cua Phap dugc dieu phdi bdri cdc co quan vipn trg la: Bd phdn Hgp tdc vd Hoat dgng vdn hda (SCAC); Co quan dai dipn Kinh tl cua Tdng cue Kinh tl ddi ngoai; Co quan Phdt triln Phap (AFD); Co quan cdng ich ho trg phdt trien trao doi Cdng nghe, Kinh tl vd Tdi chinh (ADETEF). Vipt Nam Id mdt trong sd il nuac huy dgng dugc tat cd cae co quan vd cdng cy vipn trg ciia Phdp. 1.2. Nhung ITnh vuc uu ticn trong quan h? hgp tac ciia Phap Vipn trg cua Phap tai Viet Nam tap trung vdo 5 ITnh vyc uu ticn dugc xac dinh lrong Tdi lipu chiln luge (DSP) thdng qua nam 2002. Nhung hudng uu lien hgp tac ma DSP dua ra phii hgp vdi nhiing djnh hudng phat triln kinh tc - xa hdi ciia Vicl Nam, cung nhu muc tieu hgp tac ciia Phap tai Viet Nam Id: dodn ket, dnh hudng \ a hien dien ve kinh te. Cu the Id: Ho trg Viet Nam trong qua trinh hoan thien he thdng ludt phdp \a cai each hdnh chinh; Hd trg cdng cudc hien dai hod he thdng gido due vd nghien ciiu; Phdt trien hgp tdc van hod tren ca sd trao ddi vd phd bien kien thiic; Hd trg qud trinh chuyen ddi nen kinh le thdng qua phdt trien quan he hai chieu vdi cac doanh nghiep Phdp; Gdp phdn xod ddi gidm ngheo vd cai thien dieu kien xd hgi; Vai nhimg muc tieu tren, ODA ciia Phdp tap trung vdo cdc ITnh vyc: Ndng nghiep vd phdt triln ndng thdn; Cap nudc sinh boat; Y tl; Buu chinh vien thdng; Giao thdng van tdi (dudng sdt, hdng khdng, duong ^VLti tte thu kut tut sjidung, 55 bg); Nang lugng; Phat triln dd thj; Xir ly rac thai, thoat nuac; Viin tham; Truyin hinh. II. TINH HINH THU HIIT VA S\S DVNG ODA CUA PHAP TAI VI$T NAM 1. Tinh hinh chung Gid tri ODA cam kit: Cdng hod Phdp la mdt trong nhung nuac cung cdp ODA sam nhat cho Viet Nam kl tir khi Vipt Nam noi lai quan he vai cdng ddng tdi chinh quoc tl. Tir nam 1990 din 2010, Phdp da eung cdp eho Viet Nam tdng miie ODA dat khoang tren 3,6 ty euro, tdi trg cho khodng 400 dy an trong cdc ITnh vyc uu tien nhu: cap nude sinh boat, dipn, giao thdng van tdi, ndng nghiep vd an todn thyc phdm, djch vy, ngdn hdng vd tdi chinh. So vdi miie ODA cam kit ma thi giai ddnh cho Viet Nam thi Phdp la nhd tai trg song phuong dung ddu chau Au vd diing thii hai thi giai. Phdp coi Viet Nam la ddi tac uu tien cua minh tai chau A. Trong nhirng nam qua, cae dy dn do Ca quan Phat triln Phap (ADF) tdi trg da thu dugc cac thanh qua quan trgng ve tao cdng an viec lam, xoa ddi gidm ngheo, chuyen giao cdng nghe. Cd the ke mdt sd dy an tieu bieu nhu: sira dau nanh, mia dudng a tinh Thai Nguyen; trdng vd phdt trien bdng, cd phe, che, dipn ndng thdn eac tinh ddng bang sdng Cim Long; dao tao nghe cho 4 trudng day nghe trpng diem Ngodi ra AFD cdn lap quy nghien ciiu vd chudn bj dy dn de tdi trg khdng hodn lai kinh phi, chudn bi vd lap bao eao cdc nghien eiiu khd thi cdc du dn do AFD tai tro. mnh: Cam ket ODA cua Phap va the gioi cho Viet Nam (1993 - 2010) Trieu USD 136-8- i1*.S-106j2l-i?* - ^ - =^34. 3^378^26] 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Ngudn: Bd Ki hogch vd Dau tu 56 NGHIEN CCfU CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°l2 (135* 2Jl 1 Sd lieu a hinh tren cho thay gid tri ODA Phap cam ki3t danh eho Vict Nam cd xu hudng tang lir ndm 2000 trd lai day. Ddc bipt eao nhdt la vao nam 2005 vai viec thdnh lap trung tam dao tao Phap a Vicl Nam. Toe dg gidi ngdn: Trong thdri gian qua, nlu mire dp cam ket tang dang ke thi mirc do giai ngan cae dy an ODA lai tuong ddi cham. Nhilu dy an phai gia ban thdri ban gidi ngan lir 1-2 nam. Tuy nhien sd lien chdm giai ngan khdng Idrn (chilm khodng 10% Idngsd von). Tinh din hit nam 2010, cdc dy an thyc hien theo Nghj dinh thu tir nam 1996 tra ve trudc da hoan thdnh. Cae dy an thudc Nghj djnh thu nam 1997 da gidi ngdn dat khodng 80% tdng miic vay. Hinh thirc vien trg qua Nghj djnh thu di kem vai cac dieu kien rdng budc sir dung hdng hod vd djch vy ciia Phdp nham ho trg cho cdc cdng ty eua Phap thdm nhap vdo thj trudng Viet Nam. 2. Tinh hinh thu hiit va sur dung ODA cua Phap theo linh vuc Giao thdng van tdi: Quan hp hgp tdc Viet Phdp trong ngdnh giao thdng van tdi (GTVT) bao triim cdc ITnh vyc dudng sdt, dudng bd, dudng bien vd hdng khdng. Tir nam 1995 den nay, Bg GTVT dd vd dang trien khai 20 dy dn tir nguon vdn ODA cua Phap vdi tdng sd vdn khodng 150 trieu frdng Phap (FRF). Cdc dy dn ndy dd gdp phdn nang cao ndng lyc van tdi dudng bg thdng qua viec: xdy dyng cau Gianh, sua chiia cdu Trdng Tiln; tdng cudng an todn hang hdi vd ndng cao ndng lyc hoc xIp cua cdc cdng Hdi Phdng, Sdi Gdn; cung cap nguon von chg cae dy dn dau tu quoc Id 9, Cau Long Bien; xay dyng vd thyc bicn cac quy djnh ve an loan hdng khdng; ndng cao nang lyc cho cae chuyen gia Vipt Nam trong vice ddnh gia trang thdi ky thudt cdu dudng bg. Ciing trong thai gian ndy, Bd GTVT dd tilp nhdn vd thuc hipn 13 dy dn von vay ODA cua chinh phii Phap vdi tdng tri gia 347 tripu FRF, tap trung chil ylu cho 3 ITnh vyc: dudng sat (ldng vdn vay 154 trieu FRF), hdng khdng (7 dy an, tdng vdn vay 101,5 trieu FRF) vd dudng bp (3 dy an, tdng vdn vay 91,5 trieu FRF). Cac dy an nay da gdp phdn ndng cao an loan va nang lyc van tdi ducmg sat (cdi tao ham dudng sdt deo Hdi Van. hien dai hod he thdng thdng tin tin hieu doan Ha Npi Vinh, sira chira ddu mdy, toa xe); ndng cao an loan, ddo tao nhdn lyc \a ndng cao ndng lyc van tdi cho hdng khdng; ndng cao an todn va ndng lyc van tdi cho dudmg bg. Ndng nghidp vd phdt trien ndng thdn: Tir ndm 1994 din 2010 cd 25 dy dn trong ITnh vyc ndng nghiep vd phdt trien ndng thdn duge chinh phu Phdp tdi trg, vdi tdng trj gia gdn 900 tripu FRF vd 335 tripu EUR. Xet vl sd lugng thi con so tren chua phdi Id nhieu nhdt, song dieu ddng quan tdm Id ylu td chat lugng vd su da dang cua cdc ngi dung hinh thiic hgp tac. Cdc chuong trinh, dy dn ndy tap trung vdo ITnh vyc hien dai hod khu vyc ndng nghiep vd ndng thdn, ndng cao chLt (Vdtt itetliu kut tul ijidtittg, 57 lugng vd khd nang canh tranh ciia hang hod ndng lam san; xdy dyng xudt xir hang hod; xay dyng mdt nin sdn sudt ndng nghiep ed trinh dp td chiic lien tiln, phdt triln ca sdr ha tdng ndng thdn; ddo tao can bd - Ve khoa hgc ndng nghiep vd chdn nudi: Trong nhieu nam qua, hgp tac giira Vien Khoa hpe Ndng nghiep Viet Nam va eac td chiic cua Phap nliu Td chirc Nghien ciiu \ a Trao ddi Ky thuat (GRET) vd Trung tam hgp tac Qudc te ve nghien ciiu Ndng nghiep cho phat trien (CIRAT) da tien hdnh eae dy an: Dy an hd trg td chiic phat trien san xuat ndng nghiep mien Bac (PAOPA) vdi kinh phi Id 2 tripu USD, thyc hien tir nam 1998- 2001. Giai doan 2 vai kinh phi la 4 trieu USD; Hd trg xay dyng ndi dung ehinh sach ndng nghiep thdng qua phuang phdp ddng tham gia vd ket hgp cdc tdc nhdn lien quan: Dy an phdt trien ndng nghiep ven dd - Ve hgp tdc xdy dung the che chinh sdch: Mdi ddy chinh phii Phdp vd chinh phii Viet Nam da ky thod thudn ve viec thyc hien dy an "Tang cudng ndng lyc thdng tin phuc vu cdng tdc hoach djnh chinh sdch ndng nghiep" vdi tdng kinh phi Id 1,5 tripu euro. Dy an bao gdm 3 hgp phdn chinh lien quan chat che vdi nhau Id: tang cudng ndng lyc eua trung tdm thdng tin; nghien ciiu ndng f nghiep vd phat triln ndng thdn; ho trg qudn ^ ly dy an. •^ Cdc die dn sic dung vdn vay uu ddi cua ^ chinh phii Phdp: Dy an "Phdt triln cdy cd ^ phe che" dugc triln khai tir nam 1998 vai tdng vdn vay uu dai Id 220 trieu FRF; Dy an "Chuong trinh phdt triln cao su qudc doanh khu vyc Tdy Nguyen" vdi tdng vdn vay uu dai la 35 tripu Euro va duge Chinh phii phe duyet thang 5 ndm 2001; Ngoai ra chinh phu Phap cdn ddng tdi trg mdt sd dy an trong ITnh vyc ndng nghiep vd phat trien ndng thdn thdng qua ADB (Ngan hang Phat trien Chau A) nhu: Dy an da dang hoa ndng nghiep va dy an luu vyc Sdng Hdng 1 & 11; Dy an ca sd ha tdng ndng thdn tinh Ninh Thuan; Dy an phat trien cay che tinh Phu Thp; Dy an nuac sach tai tinh Tien Giang. Cdc chuong trinh, dy an hgp tac vdi Phdp thdri gian qua da cd nhirng ddng gdp dang ke eho sy phdt trien cua nganh ndng nghiep Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, hien cd mdt sd yeu td dnh hudng den hieu qua eua eac chuong trinh hgp tdc, nhdt la van de lai suat vay tir ca quan phat trien Phap cho eac dy an trong ITnh vyc xod ddi giam ngheo. Vdi lai suat 2,5%/nam, thdi ban vay trong 20 nam (ed 7 nam an ban), nhieu dy an ha tang ea sd ndng thdn rdt khd tiep can vd trien khai. Vi vdy, trong thdi gian tai, ngodi viec xem xet vdn de lai sudt ndi tren, can day manh trao ddi thdng tin, nhdm giiip cae ddi tac hieu rd ban nhu cdu hgp tdc, phdt trien cua nhau. Ngdnh cdng nghiep dien: Chinh phu Phdp da cung cdp ODA cho nganh dien thdng qua cdc chuang trinh dy dn sau: - Nghi dinh thu tdi chinh Phdp - Viet 1993: Trg giiip ky thudt thuy dien Dai Ninh, tri gid 12,6 tripu FRF. 58 NGHIEN CCrU CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°12 (135)2011 Nghi djnh thic ldi chinh ndm 1994 bao gdm: I) Dy an cai tao ludi dipn thdnh pho Hul giai doan I, tri gia 25 trieu FRF Dy dn bdt ddu dugc triln khai vdo ndm 1996 vd hoan thanh toan bd cdng tac tu van, mua sdm vat tu thilt bj, xdy lap, nghipm thu vd ddng dien vao thang 12/1999; 2) Dy an trg giup ky thuat thuy dien Ban Mai, trj gid 18 tripu FRF (sau chuyen thanh thuy dien Bdn Ld Nghp An). Nghi dinh thu Idi chinh ndm 1995: Dy an tram 110 KV Kien Luang (Kien Giang), trj gia 6.5 trieu FRF Tram dugc khai cdng xay dyng vao ndm 1998 vd da hodn thdnh nghiep thu ddng dien vdo ngdy 30/6/2001. Nghi dinh thu Tdi chinh ndm 1996: Cdi tao luai dien thj xd Thanh Hod, trj gid 43 trieu FRF. - Nghi dinh thu Tdi chinh 1998: Dy dn trung tdm dieu dp Mien Trung, trj gid 72 trieu FRF, dugc trien khai vdo ddu nam 1999, den nay da hodn thdnh. - Du dn dien khi hod ndng thdn mien Nam, sir dyng vdn vay cua co quan phdt trien Phap (AFD). Dy dn dien khi hod ndng thdn bao gdm 78 xd tai cdc tinh miln Nam, trj gid phdn vdn vay AFD cua dy dn Id 19 tripu EUR. Dy dn bdt dau triln khai thyc hien tir ndm 2001 vd ket thiic ndm 2004. Nhu vdy, long gid trj vdn ho trg phdt trien chinh thirc md ngdnh dien dd dugc nhdn tir chinh phii Phdp din nay khodng 202 tripu FRF vd 19 trieu EUR. Nhin chung nhiing dy an sir dyng vdn ODA ciia Phdp thdng qua cdc Nghi djnh thu Tdi chinh Phdp Viet diu khd hipu qud vd ddng gdp mdt phdn quan trgng vdo qud trinh phdt triln he thdng dien Vipt Nam. LTnh vuc gido due vd ddo tgo: Trong chiln luge hgp tdc vl gido dye vd ddo tao cua Cgng hod Phdp, Viet Nam Id nuac dugc uu tien hdng dau tai khu vyc chdu A. Trong thdp ky 80 vd nira dau thdp ky 90 ciia the ky XX, sy ho trg cua chinh phii Phdp tap trung vdo ITnh vyc ngdn ngir, ddo tao ve tieng Phdp, khuyin khich vice hgc tieng Phdp d Vipt Nam. Khi dd, ve ddo tao can bd khoa hpc - ky thudt dd cd mdt sd dy dn Idn keo ddi hon 10 ndm tir ndm 1982 din ndm 1994. Sau hon 10 ndm boat ddng, ban 200 cdn bd gidng day cua 3 trudng dai hgc Bach khoa Viet Nam dd dugc di hgc tap nghien cim tai Phap. Ndm 1992, Trung tdm Phdp Viet ddo tao ve qudn ly dugc thdnh lap tai trudng dai hpc Kinh te qudc ddn Hd Ndi vd trudng dai hpc Kinh tl thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh. Hdng nam, kinh phi ddnh cho hai trung tdm ndy khodng 1,5 tripu FRF Ndm 1995, Trung tdm ddo tao Ky thuat vien cao cdp ve Bdo duong cong nghiep dugc thdnh l^p t^ trudng dai hgc Bdch khoa TP. Ho Chi Minh, moi ndm ddo tao khodng 100 hgc vien. Vdi tong kinh phi xdy dung khodng 12 trieu FRF, boat dgng ddo tao cua Trung tdm ddp ung dugc yeu cdu ngdy cdng cao cua ngdnh cdng nghiep Viet Nam. Kl tir ndm 1997 - thai dilm Hgi nghi cdp cao ldn thur bdy cdc nuac ndi tiing Phap dugc td chiic tai Hd Ngi, quan he hgp tdc vl <Vaii ite thu hul ou sjk duitg 59 gido dye mang mdt mdu sdc mai. Cdc dy dn nghieng ddn vl ddo tao khoa hge ky thudt cho Viet Nam. Chuong trinh ddo tao ky su chat lupng cao da dugc hinh thdnh trong khudn khd Nghj djnh thu giira hai ehinh phu Viet Nam vd Cdng hod Phdp ky kit vdo thang 11 ndm 1997. Giira nam 2000, dk ho trg cho dl an ddo tao can bd khoa hgc ky thudt Viet Nam dr nudc ngodi bang ngdn sdch nhd nuac, Bd Giao dye vd Ddo tao da ky ket vai dai sii quan Phdp dr Viet Nam bdn thod thudn ve dao tao mdi nam khodng 50 tien sy vd tien sy khoa hge vai dieu kipn uu ddi: mien hpc phi vd I id trg bdo hiem xa hdi. Nam 2001 cd mdt loat cdc dy an mai dugc tien hdnh. Thdng 6 nam 2001, thod thudn ve ho trg gidng day tien^ Phdp a Viet Nam da dugc ky ket vdi tdng kinh phi ban 13 tripu FRF Trong ndm 2003 da cd hai dy dn mdi dugc ky ket: Thii nhdt la dy an xdy dyng Trung tam ddo tao Ky thudt vien cao cdp ve Bdo duong cdng nghiep tai dai hgc Bdch khoa Hd Ndi vdi tdng kinh phi hon 17 trieu FRF; Thii hai Id dy an hgp tdc ddo tao thanh tra vd edn bg qudn ly gido dye vdi kinh phi khodng 11 trieu FRF Dy dn ndy se giiip ddo tao ban 800 thanh tra vien gido dye cho cdc ca sdr gido dye - ddo tao cua 61 tinh, thdnh Viet Nam. Theo sy nhdt tri ciia hai chinh phu, trong nam 2004, mdt trudng dai hgc Phdp dugc ddu tu xdy dyng tai TP Hd Chi Minh. Vdi nin gido due dai hgc phdt triln vdo loai hdng ddu thi giai, cdc sinh vien Viet Nam hgc tap tai day se tilp thu dugc nhiing kiln thiire khoa hgc cdng nghp hien dai, tien tiln nhdt. III. MOT S6 DANH GIA VE ODA CUA PHAP CHO VIET NAM VA QUAN DIEM THU HUT VA SU* DVNG ODA CUA PHAP 1. Nhihig ket qua dat dirge Nguon von ODA ciia Phap thyc sy da tra thdnh mpt ngudn vdn quan trpng gdp phan bd sung, gidi quyet nhu eau vdn cho ddu tu phdt trien xa hpi. Cung nha ed ngudn vdn ODA ma cdc muc tieu phdt trien kinh te xd hdi da dugc thuc hien. Ddi vai nhd tdi trg Phdp, thdng qua 5 ITnh vyc hgp tac: phap luat vd chinh sdch; gido dye; nghien ciiu trao ddi vdn hod vd chuyen giao cdng nghe; hd t 1 \ r trg chuong trinh chuyen ddi nen kinh te vd xod ddi gidm ngheo, cdi thien dieu kien xa hdi, cac dy dn ODA cua Phdp da phat trien sdu rdng vd da dang, dap iing tich eye qua trinh phdt trien cua Viet Nam. Mat khdc, ODA cita Phap ciing da gdp phdn cdi thi^n vd phdt trien he thdng ca sd hg tang kinh te Viet Nam. Trong nhiing nam qua, cdc chuong trinh giao thdng ehu chdt cua nin kinh te da dugc thye hien bang ngudn vdn ODA cua Phdp. Dac biet, can phdi ndi tdi sy trg giiip tren ea sdr hai ben ciing cd lgi cua Phdp ddi vai sy phdt trien cua ngdnh hdng khdng ddn dyng. Trong sd cdc dy dn ODA cua ngdnh hdng khdng, sd lupng cdc dy an cua Phdp Id ldn nhdt. Ngudn vdn ODA cua Phdp cdn giiip cdi thien ca sd hg tdng xd hdi. Ve myc Xieu phdt 60 NGHIEN CCfU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°12 (135).2011 trien ndng nghidp vd ndng Ihdn dd cd nhieu chuang trinh, dy dn hgp tdc vai Phdp dem lai nhCi:ng ddng gdp dang kc cho ngdnh ndng nghiep Viet Nam vd gdp phan xod ddi gidm ngheo. Do dugc xdy dyng tren ca so cd nhCrng hieu biet khd rd vc ITnh vyc ndng nghiep vd ndng thdn a Vict Nam nen cdc dy an tai trg eiia Phap Ihudng chuan ve muc lieu va cd hieu qua kha cao. Cudi ciing, nhdr cd ho trg ky thudt ciia Phap ma Vict Nam dd ndng cao dugc ndng luc qudn ly cung nhu trinh do chuyen mdn cua dgi ngii cdn bd. Cdc hd trg ndy bao gdm ede dy an hudn luyen vd ddo tao chuyen mdn nhdm giiip cho viec tao ngudn nhdn lye cd trinh dp chuyen mdn cao ddng gdp vdo sy phdt trien kinh te xa hdi eua Viet Nam; Chuong trinh cir chuyen gia nhdm giiip cho Viet Nam cd the dieu tra, nghien cim tim ra ede gidi phdp ndng eao hieu qud nin kinh tl; Cac dy dn cung cap thiet bj vd vdt lipu kit hgp vai viec eu chuyen gia Phdp. 2. Nhirng ton tai Ben canh nhiing ket qud dat dugc, cd the thdy thyc te thu hiit vd sir dyng ODA cua Phap thdri gian qua cdn tdn tai mgt sd ban che - bat cap, cu the nhu sau: Tdc dg gidi ngdn ddi vai cdc dy dn sir dung ODA qua cdc ndm ed tdng len nhung van cdn qud chdm. Ngodi ra, quy trinh thu tuc qud rudm rd, phuc tgp chdng cheo ciing tdc dgng khong nhd tai tinh hinh thu hut vd su dyng ODA. Nghj djnh 17/2001/ND-CP da quy dinh quy trinh tuong doi cy the, song van chua gidi quylt tript de tinh chdng cheo vl quy trinh thu tyc do tinh thilu ro rdng trong phdn djnh chiic ndng, nhipm vy giira cdc ca quan quan ly nhd nu6c. Hon niira, bdt ngudn tii nhirng ylu kdm co bun trong cdng tdc hoach djnh chiln luge, quy trinh vd ke hoach nen boat dgng cdi cdch gidm bdrt thii tuc van chua thyc sy dem lai hipu qua. Sic dung ODA d mot sd chuang Irinh, du dn cdn ldng phi, hieu qud chua cao. Tren thyc te cd nhung dy dn chiing ta tiep nhdn nhung do chua du kinh nghiem bode vdi vdng nen khdng tinh bet cdc yeu td cu the cua ddc diem tinh hinh kinh te xa hdi, dja ly, khi hdu cua nuac ta nen hieu qud phat huy khdng nhung chua cao md hdu qud tac ddng ve Idu ve ddi cdn cd the rdt ldn. Ve ldng phi thudng xdy ra a cdc dy dn ho trg ky thuat (ddc bipt Id cdc dy an tdng cudng ndng lyc), the hien a cho ldng phi trong ehi tieu, trong sir dung kit qud dy dn hodc trong qua trinh \ f I , % dieu phdi Ddi vdi dy dn vdn vay, cd the gpi Id ldng phi khi tien dg thyc hien bj chdm xet dudi gdc dg tdc dgng ve mat kinh tl- xa hgi 3. Quan diem thu hiit va siir dung ODA cua Phap t^i Vi|t Nam trong thoi gian Xixx Mgt Id, thuc ddy todn dien quan he Viet Nam - Cgng hoa Phdp, tao nin tdng vd sy tin tudng lan nhau giira hai qudc gia Ld ddi tdc dugc Phdp chli y quan tdm trong cdc nuac Ddng Nam A, Vipt Nam cdn coi day Id ca hgi ldn thu hut ODA tir Phdp. (Vdit de tliu hut ou ui dtiitg 61 Hai la, thyc hipn chiln luge thu hiit vd sir dung hipu qua: Truac hit Id phdi phu hgp vai kl hoaeh tai ca cdu kinh tl ciia minh vd phii hgp vai xu thi phdt triln ciia cac i ha tdi trg dac biet Id Phdp. Ddng thdri nen phdn bd eac ngudn vdn ndy cho hgp ly. Dae biet, Viet Nam can thyc hien day dii cdc cam kit sau: tien hanh cdng khai boa chinh sach; thye hien chuyen ddi doanh nghiep nhd nuac; tang cudng ODA hon niia vao phdt trien con ngudi; cdi cdch boat ddng he thdng ngan hang tdi chinh, xem xet lai ehinh sdch thue, eai thien mdi trudng ddu tu; tap tnmg phat triln ndng thdn, xod ddi gidm ngheo; thu hiit va s ir dyng ODA cua Phdp nhung ludn phdi tinh den phuang an trd ng trong tuong lai ddi vdi nhCing khodn vay ed lai. Ha la, hodn thien he thdng td chiic qudn ly: Cii tien cdng tdc ddu thdu vd sau ddu thdu; Day manh cdng tdc theo doi, kiem tra, giam sdt vd ddnh gid dy dn; Chudn bj tdt cdng tdc den bii gidi phdng mat bdng. Tai li^u tham khao 1. Cdc ddi tdc hop tdc phdt triin cua Viet Nam. Hd sa cdc chuang trinh phdt triin. Bp Kl hoach vd Ddu tu (MPI) hgp tdc vai Chuang trinh Phdt triln ciia Lien hgp qudc (UNDP), Hd Ngi, 1999. 2. Dua quan he ddi tdc vdo hogt ddng tgi Viet Nam. Bdo cdo cua Hdi nghi Tu vdn cua cdc nhd tdi trg cho Viet Nam, thdng 12/2001. 3. Hd Thi Nggc Oanh, Hd trg phdt triin chinh thiec (ODA) - Nhieng hiiu biit ca bdn vd thuc tien d Viet Nam, NXB Giao Dye, nam 2000. 4. Ke hogch thu hut vd van ddng ODA Phdp. Tdi lipu ciia Bd Ke hoach vd Dau tu, nam 2002. 5. Nghi dinh Chinh phii ve ban hdnh quy che qudn ly vd sic dung ngudn hd trg vd phdt triin chinh thiec - So 17/2001/ND-CP ngdy 04 thdng 05 nam 2001. 6. Nghi dinh Chinh phii ve ban hdnh quy che qudn ly vd sir dung ngudn hd trg vd phdt triin chinh thitc - Sd 136/2006/ND-CP ngdy 09 thdng 11 ndm 2006 (thay thi Nghj djnh sdi 7/2001/ND-CP). 7. Quan he kinh ti Viet - Phdp, dac san eua bdo Ddu tu. 8. Quy hogch ODA giai dogn 2006- 2010. Bdo cdo ciia Bd KI hoach vd Dau tu. 9. Tdng kit tinh hinh thu hut vd sic dung ODA phuc vu su nghiep phdt trien kinh te - xd hdi trong thdi gian qua vd die kien trong thdi gian tdi. Bdo eao cua Bd Ke hoach vd Ddu tu. 10. Tdng kit tinh hinh thu hiit tiep nhdn vd thuc hien ODA cua Phdp. Bdo cdo ciia Bg KI hoach vd Ddu tu. 11. Viet Nam: Quan he ddi tdc phuc vu phdt triin. Bdo cdo khdng chinh thiic tai Hdi nghi Nhdm Tu vdn cdc nhd Tdi trg cho Viet Nam, HdNdi, thdng 12/2003. 12. Vu Kinh te Ddi ngoai, Bd Ke hoach vd Dau tu. Bdn tin ODA: sd 32 (31/05/2009), sd 33 (30/11/2009), sd 34 (31/05/2010), sd 35 (30/11/2010), sd 36 (31/05/2011). . lap, nghipm thu vd ddng dien vao thang 12/1999; 2) Dy an trg giup ky thuat thuy dien Ban Mai, trj gid 18 tripu FRF (sau chuyen thanh thuy dien Bdn. djnh thu Tai chinh cho nhieu dy an sang ky nghi djnh thu cho timg dy an cu the ma khdng khdng ehe ngdn sdch tdi trg hang nam. Ddng thdi cae nghj djnh thu