Trường Đại học Bách Khoa Hà Nội Hanoi University of Science and Technology Hệ thông Thông tin Hàng Không TS Đỗ Trọng Tuấn Bộ mơn Kỹ thuật thơng tin © HUST 2012 Trường Đại học Bách Khoa Hà Nội Hanoi University of Science and Technology Hệ thống Thông tin Hàng Khơng Chương ACARS © HUST 2012 Teminologies ACARS: Acraft Communication Adressing Reporting System POA: Plain Old ACARS AOA : ACARS Over AVLC AVLC: Aviation VHF Link Control (VDL2) AEEC: Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee Aeronautical Telecommunication (ATN) Network Environment Management Processor Data Display Processor Data Entry Processor Management Processor ATN End System ATN End System ATN End System ATN End System Avionics Subnetwork ATN ROUTER VHF Subnetwork Satellite Subnetwork Mode S Subnetwork ATN ROUTER HF Subnetwork ATN ROUTER Service Provider Ground Subnetwork Airline Ground Subnetwork CAA Ground Subnetwork ATN End System ATN End System ATN End System ATN End System ATN End System ATN End System Aeronautical Operations Data Base Aeronautical Operations Control Weather Data Base ATC FIS Data Base Weather Data Base Evolution of Aviation Wireless Communications SATS VDL Mode NEXCOM VDL Mode CPDLC II & III CPDLC I&IA PETAL II & LINK 2000 VDL Mode HF Data Link GPS SATCOM (ATS,AOC,APC) EACARS & AVPAC Attempts ATN - ISO Definition ATN - IPv? Definition Passenger Telephone Systems FANS Committee CNS/ATM - FANS 1&A ACARS PanAm Satcom Demo 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025+ Chris Wargo., Aviation Wireless Communications, IAB Workshop on Wireless Internetworking, 2000 Evolution of Aviation Wireless Communications SATS VDL Mode NEXCOM VDL Mode CPDLC II & III CPDLC I&IA PETAL II & LINK 2000 VDL Mode HF Data Link GPS SATCOM (ATS,AOC,APC) EACARS & AVPAC Attempts ATN - ISO Definition ATN - IPv? Definition Passenger Telephone Systems FANS Committee CNS/ATM - FANS 1&A ACARS PanAm Satcom Demo 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025+ Chris Wargo., Aviation Wireless Communications, IAB Workshop on Wireless Internetworking, 2000 Global Customers of the Wireless Aviation Market Type Size Indication Commercial Aviation 15,000 Aircraft plus ( times # of passengers) Business Aviation 25,000 Aircraft plus General Aviation 100,000 Aircraft plus Cargo Aviation 10,000 Aircraft plus Military 50,000 Aircraft plus Government 184 Countries of ICAO Chris Wargo., Aviation Wireless Communications, IAB Workshop on Wireless Internetworking, 2000 Development Trends AOC : Aeronautical Operational Control, AAC : Aeronautical Administrative Communications APC : Aeronautical passenger Communication ATSC: Air Traffic Services Communication Data link  AAC (Aeronautical Administrative Communication): Communication used by aeronautical operating agencies relating to non-safety communications for the business aspects of operating their flights and transport services  AOC (Aeronautical Operational Control): Communication required for the exercise of authority over the initiation, continuation, diversion or termination of flight for safety, regularity and efficiency reasons  ATSC (Air Traffic Services Communication) A generic term meaning variously, flight information service, alerting service, air traffic advisory service, air traffic control service (area control service, approach control service or aerodrome control service)  APC (Air Passenger Communications), defined as services to passengers providing them an access to communications and entertainment means similar to those that can be experienced on ground KNOWLEDGE CHECK  types of networks are under operation today in the aeronautical world for aircraft – ground communications for cockpit/maintenance/cabin operations:? ACARS (Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System) used for AAC/AOC/ATC ATN (Aeronautical Telecommunications Network) used for ATC IP used for AAC/AOC (mostly aircraft IT systems), as well as APC * Simon Plass, Furture Aeronautical Communications, Intech Open Access Publishingm 2011, pp.26 10 ACARS::Introduction ACARS® performs many crucial functions: Abnormal flight condition identification Detailed engine reports Repair and maintenance plan Manual e-mail-type messaging between crew and ATC Weather reports http://www.arinc.com/products/voice_data_comm/acars.html 11 ACARS::Introduction •Short telex-like messages between plane and ground •Uses VHF (117.975 - 137 MHz) and Satellites •Uses HF in the polar region (HF ACARS) •Developed by ARINC in 1978 12 Typical Data Link Applications Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) Taxi Departure En route Approach From Aircraft From Aircraft Link test/clock Off Update Fuel/crew information Delay reports From Aircraft Engine data Ascent Weather reports Out To Aircraft Flight plan Updated weather From Aircraft Position reports Weather reports Delay info/ETA Voice request Engine info Maintenance info From Aircraft From Aircraft Provisioning On Gate requests ETA Special requests Engine info Maintenance info Descent Weather reports To Aircraft PDC ATIS Weight & balance Airport analysis V-speeds flight Plan-hard copy Load FMC Take-off To Aircraft ATC oceanic clearances Weather reports Re-clearances Ground voice request (SELCAL) Landing To Aircraft Gate assignments Connecting gates Passenger & crew ATIS Taxi From Aircraft In Fuel info Crew info Fault data (from central maintenance computer) ACARS As the first sizable air–ground data radio solution, and still very much in practice today ACARS was available in the late 1970s  It is non-standardized in ICAO It uses characteroriented data (ASCII based; maximum 220 characters per message)  The air interface runs at 2.4 kbps in 25 kHz, using amplitude-modulated minimum shift keying 14 ACARS A digital data system using the aircrafts VHF radio to communicate with operators using data bursts Communication from Air to Ground (Downlinks) and Ground to Air (Uplinks) transferring all types of information to and from the aircraft Usage includes information such as departure times, position reports, reports to maintenance, weather, passenger problems etc A standard data burst will contain the Aircraft registration, message label, flight ID and message content 15 ACARS A sample ACARS message that would have come from that data burst (contains weather info) 16 World Designated ACARS Frequencies 17 Typical ACARS Onboard Network ARINC 741 SATCOM AERO-1 System ARINC 761 SATCOM AERO-H/H+ System ARINC 716 VHF Voice/DATA System GateLink Ethernet File Server Subsystem (Optional) Communication Management Unit (CMU) ARINC 750 Terminal ARINC 719 Printer ARINC 753 ARINC 740/744 18 HF Voice/DATA System Current Avionics Architecture  ACARS is based upon an all-in-one communications management unit  Origin can be traced back to global teleprinter network, telex, established in the 1920s!  Point-to-point telex network where all messages come to a central processing location  Today ACARS is widely deployed in commercial airlines  ATN network is an attempt to modernize ACARS, using most of the existing radio technologies with limited modifications  Deployed in a closed, aeronautics-only network • Limited flexibility  Cannot adapt easily to new technologies, new communication protocols, and new communication links  Security currently is extremely limited at best; however, specifications have been updated in an attempt to rectify this • Limited bandwidth makes security difficult 19 Trường Đại học Bách Khoa Hà Nội Hanoi University of Science and Technology ... Technology Hệ thống Thông tin Hàng Không Chương ACARS © HUST 2012 Teminologies ACARS: Acraft Communication Adressing Reporting System POA: Plain Old ACARS AOA : ACARS Over AVLC AVLC: Aviation VHF Link... http://www.arinc.com/products/voice_data_comm /acars. html 11 ACARS: :Introduction •Short telex-like messages between plane and ground •Uses VHF (117.975 - 137 MHz) and Satellites •Uses HF in the polar region (HF ACARS) •Developed... and message content 15 ACARS A sample ACARS message that would have come from that data burst (contains weather info) 16 World Designated ACARS Frequencies 17 Typical ACARS Onboard Network ARINC