[...]... marine resources Ocean science also advanced in 1957 with the advent of satellites and the inauguration of the International Geophysical Year HISTORY OF OCEAN MANAGEMENT 9 1960/1970 UNCLOS II took place in 1960 but contributed only in minor ways to ocean management issues By then, highly technically advanced vessels were fishing harder and longer to maintain catches The oil industry was expanding in. .. moving in these directions, and the process is reinforced by the concept of large marine ecosystems for some ocean management purposes Use zoning, and the identification and promotion of exclusive marine reserves are further advances in ocean management concepts, but practices are still lagging behind The close of the decade has seen little progress in ocean management in the half of the world ocean. .. the forging of new maritime traditions and practical management measures in the promotion of regionally integrated management approaches and systems 18 OCEAN MANAGEMENT IN GLOBAL CHANGE INTRODUCTION In contrast to the discussion of the history of ocean management, to focus attention on the theory may seem presumptive Ocean management as a practical reality remains elusive—more to be found in the realms... was an important early lesson in geopolitics, indicating that national claims to sea areas could not be effective unless there was the naval capability to maintain them Considering the emerging knowledge of the real size of the global ocean in 4 OCEAN MANAGEMENT IN GLOBAL CHANGE the late 15th Century there was little possibility of comprehensive national controls over fishing or navigation, and this... historical reality Rather, there has been a sequence of key ideas relating to the overall concept which has paralleled the history of ocean development It is thus to the thread of history that we turn in the first instance to gain insight into the nature of thinking in the ocean management field In doing this it is convenient to highlight elements in the historic pattern and relate these to the emergence of... management approaches It is concluded that very recent developments have now created opportunities for more integrated ocean management to emerge INTRODUCTION The concept of ocean management, in the sense of exercising some form of centralised control over multiple uses of a sea area, is a product of the late 20th Century It emerged at a time when there was increased concern 2 OCEAN MANAGEMENT IN GLOBAL. .. management, and thus awaiting clearer definition and discussion in the burgeoning literature Because of this it is arguably premature to discuss theory in any depth However, rather than get too involved in the semantics of ocean management, at least to begin with, it is more fruitful to commence with the historical reality of activities which may be classified as ocean management This paper accordingly... ocean management is partially the history of control over access to marine space and entitlements to the ownership of marine resources When ocean space was perceived as plentiful and resources as infinite, management requirements were minimal The prevailing view was of marine resources as common properties and the sea as free Ultimately, freedom of the sea became a widespread underlying principle in. .. can surely be incorporated into THEORY OF OCEAN MANAGEMENT 19 more scientifically-oriented approaches, especially in the developing world [2] Ideas concerning an order, or law of the sea have of course classical roots in the West For present purposes, however, the key starting point is the emergence of modem Europe, as defined by historians, beginning with the age of exploration [3] in the second half... are in the nature of landmarks In any event there emerged in the 1970s a sea change in the conceptual approach to sea use management which even began to be reflected in organisational (general) and practical (technical) measures This was a move towards integration, operating at several levels First was the conceptual level of a view of interacting uses with the environment, upon 22 OCEAN MANAGEMENT IN . vi PREFACE The International Conference on Ocean Management in Global Change The evolution of coastal and ocean management is worth considering in the light. 91 Ocean Sciences and Management André Vigarié 104 Remote Sensing in Ocean Management Renato Herz 123 Information and Data Processing for Ocean Management Adam