[...]... [100] Lieberman and colleagues [101] measured time to remission over three successive psychotic episodes and found that the time to reach remission more than tripled be‐ tween the first and third episode 9 10 Mental Disorders - Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives Moreover, the absence of a significant and rapid reduction of symptoms during the first days of neuroleptic treatment (3 to 7 days) [60], the... [99] Finally, understanding the mechanism by which duration of untreated psychosis influences prognosis may lead to better understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and to improved current treatment strategies [97] 11 12 Mental Disorders - Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives 4.8.2 Cognitive deficits Cognitive impairment has emerged as an important new target in schizophrenia therapeutics... schizophrenia In E Mash & R Bark‐ ley (Eds.), Assessment of childhood disorders (4th ed., New York: Guilford Press., 526-550 17 18 Mental Disorders - Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives [52] Brickman, A M, Buchsbaum, M S, Shihabuddin, L, Byne, W, Newmark, R E, Brand, J, et al Thalamus size and outcome in schizophrenia Schizophrenia Research (2004) , 71, 473-484 [53] Cuesta, M J, Peralta, V, & De Leon, J Schizophrenic... outcome schizophrenia: clinical and neuroimaging aspects Int Rev Psychiatry (2007) Aug;, 19(4), 345-57 19 20 Mental Disorders - Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives [78] Davis, K L, Buchsbaum, M S, Shihabuddin, L, Spiegel-cohen, J, Metzger, M, Frecska, E, et al Ventricular enlargement in poor-outcome schizophrenia Biological Psychia‐ try (1998) , 43, 783-793 [79] Ho, B C, Andreasen, N C, Nopoulos, P,... for understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia J Clin Psychiatry (1996) suppl 9): 5-9 21 22 Mental Disorders - Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives [102] Robinson, D G, & Woerner, M G Alvir JMJ, Geisler S, Koreen A, Sheitman B et al P redictors of treatment response from a first episode of schizophrenia or schizoaffec‐ tive disorder Am J Psychiatry (1999) , 156, 544-549 [103] Andreasen, N... the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited 24 Mental Disorders - Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives and process new information When activated, maladaptive core beliefs mold new information to fit the current maladaptive core belief,... treatment, and thus he recognized that he did not screen TRS in all potentially patients in need to Clozapine, such as outpatients 3.2.2 Criteria of TRS 3.2.2.1 Chronic hospitalization In Vanelle’s study [10], which is based on the Dencker and May criteria [5] to define the TRS, the need of continuous hospital stay was an essential criterion of resistance Such highly 3 4 Mental Disorders - Theoretical and Empirical. .. [35] and a history of substance abuse [67-70] were associated with poor response to treatment 7 8 Mental Disorders - Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives 4.3 Risk factors associated with cognitive deficits Several literature reviews have summarized the evidence for associations between functional outcome and cognitive deficits [71-73] These reviews have regarded ranks of functional outcome measures,... Acknowledgements I offer my thanks to Karim Tabbane, Hatem Dammak and Mohamed Triki for their valuable assistance in the elaboration of this work There were no funding sources for this work Author details Mohamed Dammak* Address all correspondence to: dr.dammak@gmail.com Sfax, Tunisia 13 14 Mental Disorders - Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives References [1] Conley, R R, & Kelly, D L Management... Psychiatry (1990) , 47, 754-758 15 16 Mental Disorders - Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives [26] Dixon, L B, Lehman, A F, & Levine, J Conventional antipsychotic medications for schizophrenia Schizophr Bull (1995) , 21, 567-577 [27] Shalev, A, Hermesh, H, Rothberg, J, & Munitz, H Poor neuroleptic response in acutely exacerbated schizophrenic patients Acta Psychiatr Scand (1993) , 87, 86-91 [28] Lehman,