PLEISTOCENE VERTEBRATE FAUNAS OF HUNGARY FURTHER TITLES IN THIS SERIES A J Boucot EVOLUTION AND EXTINCTION RATE CONTROLS W A Berggren and J A van Couvering THE LATE NEOGENE-BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, GEOCHRONOLOGY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY OF THE LAST 15 MILLION YEARS IN MARINE AND CONTINENTAL SEQUENCES L J Salop PRECAMBRIAN OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE J L Wray CALCAREOUS ALGAE A Hallam (Editor) PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION, AS ILLUSTRATED BY THE FOSSIL RECORD F M Swain (Editor) STRATIGRAPHIC MICROPALEONTOLOGY OF ATLANTIC BASIN AND BORDERLANDS W C Mahaney (Editor) QUATERNARY DATING METHODS D Janossy PLEISTOCENE VERTEBRATE FAUNAS OF HUNGARY Developments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, PLEISTOCENE VERTEBRATE FAUNAS OF HUNGARY by D Jiinossy Geological-PaleontoIogicaIDepartment of the Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary ELSEVIER Amsterdam-Oxford-New York-Tokyo 1986 This book is the revised translation of A MAGYARORSZAGI PLEISZTOCEN TAGOLASA GERINCES FAUNAK ALAPJAN AkadCrniai Kiad6, Budapest, 1979 Translated by A Demeter Joint edition published by t-lsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Akademiai Kiadb, Budapest, Hungary The distribution of this book is being handled by the following publishers for the U.S.A and Canada Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, New York 10017, U.S.A f o r the East European Countries, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Republic of Cuba, Socialist Republic of Vietnam and Pcople’s Republic of Mongolia P.O Box 149, H-1389 Kultura Hungarian Foreign Trading Co., Budapest, Hungary for all remaining areas Elsevier Science Publishers Sara Burgerhartstraat 25 P.O Box 21 1, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jiinossy, DCnes Pleistocene vertebrate faunas of Hungary (Developments in paleontology and stratigraphy; 8) Rev translation of: A magyarorsdgi pleisztocen tagolasa gerinces faunak alapjan Hi bliography : p Includes indexes I Geology, Stratigraphic-Pleistocene Vertebrates, Fossil Glacial epoch-Hungary Geology-Hungary I Title 11 Series: Developments in palaeontology and stratigraphy; QE697.J2613 1986 566’.09439 85-29182 ISBN 0-444-99526-9(Vol 8) lSBN 0-444-41142-9 (Series) (c)Akadeniiai Kiadb, Budapest, 1986 Printed in Hungary CONTENTS PREFACE CHARACTERISTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS OF THE PLEISTOCENE OF HUNGARY The filling of basins Fiuvial sediments Sediments deposited by Freshwater limestone Karstic forms wind VERTEBRATE FAUNAS O F THE LOWER PLEISTOCENE OF HUNGARY 9 12 14 16 18 Boundary faunas between the Pliocene and the Pleistocene (Csarnbtasubstage) Vertebrate faunas of the Lower Pleistocene sensu stricfo (Beremend and Upper Villany substages) Vertebrate faunas of the last phase of the Lower Pleistocene (Betfian and Biharian substages) 46 VERTEBRATE FAUNAS O F THE MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE O F HUNGARY 70 The initial phases of the Middle Pleistocene (Tarkoian Vertesszolosian and Upponyian substages) The upper phase of the Middle Pleistocene (Castellumian and Solymarian substages) 19 27 71 102 VERTEBRATE FAUNAS OF THE UPPER PLEISTOCENE O F HUNGARY 114 The initial phase of the Upper Pleistocene (“Riss-Wiirm” “pre.Wiirrn” Siittoian and Varboian substages) 115 Lower Wiirrn” faunas of Hungary (Subalyukian and Tokodian substages) 133 Faunas of the “Middle Wiirm” of Hungary (Ista116skoian substage) 144 Faunas of the “Upper Wiirm” (Pilisszantoian and Palankian substages) 149 CONTENTS A REVIEW OF THE PLEISTOCENE VERTEBRATE FAUNAS OF HUNGARY 168 Fauna and climate Chronologyof thePleistoceneof Hungary based onvertebrate faunas 168 171 CONCLUSION 184 REFERENCES 191 INDEX OF LOCALITIES 199 201 INDEX OF VERTEBRATE TAXA PREFACE Nine-tenths of the surface or near-surface sediments of Hungary were deposited during the Pleistocene This fact alone is sufficiently significant to indicate that special attention should be paid to the biochronological problems of this era Studies done in recent decades have demanded increasingly complex methods since we are striving to obtain knowledge in disproportionate detail what is of, in the palaeontological sense, a disproportionately short time period It has become increasingly clear that it is biostratigraphy which will give a solid foundation to the understanding of this era, as it has for the older ones The basis of an accurate biostratigraphic record is the rapid, irreversible process of vertebrate evolution, complemented by relevant predominance phases Recent findings from malacology supplement the increasingly complex holism (Krolopp, 1982), as the new physical methods which seem to come out every year, e.g absolute chronology, etc However, these results are informative only when incorporated into the overall microstratigraphic picture drawn on the basis of vertebrate findings This is especially true for some of the short phases of the Pleistocene The stratigraphic picture of certain areas may be accurately drawn only when supported by relevant vertebrate findings The history of vertebrate palaeontological research has taken a very fortunate course in Hungary Jinos Salamon Pettnyi’s (1864) studies were ahead of those of his contemporaries and his work laid the foundations of modern Pleistocene research based on small-mammal finds This line of vertebrate palaeontological studies has been uninterrupted since then, some of the best known geologists having worked on Pleistocene vertebrates, even if sometimes only as “subsidiary” projects Antal Koch (1900) compiled a catalogue in which he summarized all the Pleistocene vertebrates known at that time Pleistocene vertebrate finds have also been reported by Halavits (from 1879 to 1914), Pethii (1901), KadiC (1911, 1916) and last, but not least, by SchrCter (from 1910 to 1953) Since the turn of the century, however, vertebrate palaeontology has been gaining increasing impetus I peed only mention the works of Kormos, Ehik, Mthely, Mottl and GaB1 Whilst Ehik (1912, 1913, 1914, 1916, 1921, etc.), Mthely (1914) and Kormos (mainly between 1912 and 1937a) have continued further on the small-mammal studies initiated by Petknyi, Gail (publishing between 1928 and 1954) and Mottl (from 1933 onwards, review in 1941) essentially based their works on larger mammals Finally, Mikl6s Kretzoi has been working in the field for over fifty years and his repeated reviews (1938, 1941a,b, 1953, 1961, 1965, 1969) have all added to our knowledge I have followed this line of study for the past twenty-five years, with partial stratigraphic and zoogeographic syntheses of various phases of the Pleistocene of Hungary (JAnossy, 1960a,b,c, 1963, 1965a,b, 1969a, 1970, 1973a,b) In these latter works the main approaches to the studies were partly faunal predominance of small vertebrates, partly microstratigraphy based on rnicroevolutionary, statistically significant changes A prerequisite to these studies PREFACE was the increasingly general use of the washing method in the field of palaeontology (Figs 10 and 11 in this work); for a detailed description of the method, see Jhnossy (1963) Thus it became possible to reconstruct a microstratigraphic sequence valid exclusively for the Carpathian Basin, unique not only in Europe, but also worldwide During the last few years it has become possible, mainly by detailed analyses of avian finds, to reconstruct the faunal effects of the climatic waves of the early Pleistocene (Jhnossy, 1973b, 1976a,b, etc.) A unified approach to the treatment of the whole material in question is made somewhat difficult by the variability, and, therefore, individual aspects of the various strata As mentioned above, Pleistocene sedimentary rocks are extensive in Hungary and the state of research on these sediments is uniquely advanced in international terms The basis for the stratigraphy was provided by the mass of small-mammal remains accumulated in statistically significant amounts in karstic hollows We may extrapolate from these findings and date regional sediments which also contain microfauna, which are unfortunately only individual finds Since my work concurs at several points with the data presented in VCrtes’ (1965) handbook, I will pay less attention to the localities of the Upper Pleistocene connected with archaeological finds and I refer the reader to the above-mentioned handbook, in which all the relevant palaeontological data are also fully included Since the only archaeological locality older than the Upper Pleistocene is that of VCrtessziilos, which VCrtes treated only tangentially in his book, more attention is paid to that material here In this compilation I have restricted my stratigraphic analyses primarily to animal communities rather rich in species (ten or more species) Since sporadic large-mammal finds not fit into the overall picture developed in this book, I have included them only in very special cases; the large-mammal material has been reviewed elsewhere (Jhnossy and Voros, 1979) I express my gratitude to the many persons who have helped me to complete this book by giving advice, conimentiFg on and checking the manuscript; my former academic advisers, the late Gyula Ehik, and especially Mikl6s Kretzoi, and my colleagues Endre Krolopp, Gyorgy Tophl, Lhszl6 Kordos and many others Last, but not least I wish to thank academician J6zsef Fiilop, who suggested that should write the book D JANOSSY Budapest CHARACTERISTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS OF THE PLEISTOCENE OF HUNGARY Before considering in detail the vertebrate faunas of the Pleistocene of Hungary, the sedimentary rocks which have provided vertebrate finds are briefly described The filling of basins* Fluv ial sediments Gravel, sand and other fluvial sediments cover large areas of Hungary There are a number of sporadic finds every year from these sediments, but these are only locally useful and, unfortunately, provide few data relevant to classical geomorphological terrace studies These sediments are the so-called “meridionalis gravels” which contain sporadic remains, mainly of the “southern elephant” (Archidiskodon meridionalis) Classical localities of these finds are, e.g., SzabadhidvCg (= ViroshidvCg), Ercsi (as type locality in western Hungary), and Aszbd, southeast of Budapest At these localities, the overlying sediment is loess, whereas the underlying rock is Pannonian clay (Halavits, 1898; Schlesinger, 1922; SchrCter, 1958, etc.) Apart from these there have been similar finds in many other localities, but it is impossible to allocate them microstratigraphically in accordance with current practice, and therefore I will pass over these localities, which are mainly of secondary importance anyway Reliable microstratigraphic dating was possible only i n the case of the Kislfing locality in FejCr county (Kretzoi, 1954b); the animal assemblage found there will be described in detail Otherwise, the meridionalis gravels refer to the Lower Pleistocene only in a broad sense The first pebble spots containing faunas not of a sporadic nature were found in the freshwater limestone underlying rocks of Buda Castle Hill (KadiC and Mottl, 1944; already containing Parelephas trogontherii) The greatest number of remains are those from the fluvial sediments of the Upper Pleistocene, unequivocally proved by faunistics (“Wiirm terraces”) There are few literature data pertaining to this aspect (e.g KadiC and Mottl, 1944; Mottl, 1942), but many sporadic finds have been salvaged and deposited in public collections Naturally, most of these finds are from the mammoth (which are most likely to catch the eyes of palaeontologists not working with vertebrates) and originate from either the beds of the rivers Danube and Tisza, or from their terrace sediments, although some of the smaller rivers have also provided ample remains Especially noteworthy is the * Sediments redeposited during solifluctional and other mass movements of the glacials of the Pleistocene are also included here 194 REFERENCES logical localities of vertebrates of Osztramos [up to 19741.) Fragm Min et Pal., 8: 39-92 (in Hungarian with English summary) Janossy, D and Krolopp, E., 1981 Die pleistozanen Schnecken- und Vertebraten-Faunen von SuttB (Travertine, Deckschichten und Spalten) Frag Min e t Pal., 10: 31-58+ PI I-VIII Janossy, D and Meulen, A J., 1975 On Mimomys (Rodenria) from Osztramos-3, North Hungary Proc Koninkl Nederl Akad Wetensch., Ser B, Amsterdam (78), 5: 381-391 Janossy, D and Voros, I., 1979 GroOsauger-Streufunde aus dem Pleistozan Ungarns Frag Min et Pal 9: 21-60 Janossy, D., Krolopp, E and Brunnacker, K., 1968 Die Felsnische Uppony I (Nordungarn) Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, 19: 31-47 Janossy, D., Kretzoi, M., Varrok, S., Herrmann, M and Vkrtes, L., 1957 Forschungen in der Bivakhohle, Ungarn Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, 8: 18-36 Janossy, D., Kordos, L., Krolopp, E and Topal, G., 1973 The Porlyuk cave of J6svafB Karszt- 6s Barlangkutatas, 7: 15-59 Jugovics, L., Kretzoi, M and Csank, E., 1953 FelsBjkgkori emlasmaradvanyok a Badacsony bazaltkupjarol (Upper Ice Age mammalian remains from the basalt cone of the Badacsony.) Fold Int Evi Jel., 1953, part I, 89-94 (in Hungarian) Kadic, O., 191 Die fossile Saugetierfauna der Umgebung des Balatonsees Resultate wiss Erforsch Balaton, Bd I, I Teil, Pal Anh., Bd IV, Art IX, 26 Kadic, O., 1916 A Szeleta-barlang kutatasanak eredmknyei (Results of studies on the Szeleta cave.) Foldt Int Evk (23), 4: 155-278 (in Hungarian) Kadic, O., 1933 BeszBmol6 a varbeli pincebarlangok kutatasarol (Report on research of the cave cellars of the Castle.) Barlangvilag (3), : 14-20 (in Hungarian) Kadic, and Mottl, M., 1944 Az Bszaknyugati Bukk barlangjai (Die Hohlen des nordwestlichen Bukkgebirges.) Barlangkutatas (17), : 1-114 (in Hungarian with German summary) Kahlke, H.-D., 1963 Die stratigraphische Stellung der Faunen von Voigstedt, zur Grenze des kontinentalen Unterpleistozan/Mittelpleistozanim zentral-europaischen Raum Palaont Abh Abt A Palaozoologie (2), 2/3: 691-692 Kez, A., 1933 A budai Varhegy teraszkavicsa (The terrace gravel of the Castle Hill of Buda.) Foldr Kozl., 61 (in Hungarian) Koch, A., 1900 A Magyar Korona orszagai koviilt gerincesillat-maradvanyainak rendszeres attekintese (Systematic synopsis of the remains of fossil vertebrates of the countries of the Hungarian Crown.) Magy Orv Termeszetvizsg Vandorgy Munkalatai Szabadkan, 30, Budapest, 525-560 (in Hungarian) Koenigswald, W., 1973 Veranderungen in der Kleinsaugerfauna von Mitteleuropa zwischen Cromer und Eem (Pleistozan) Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, 23/24: 159-167 Kordos, L., 1975 Holocen gerinces biosztratigrafiank k b d b e i 6s thvlatai (Problems and vistas of Holocene vertebrate biostratigraphy in Hungary.) Osltnytani Vitak, 22: 95-108 (in Hungarian with English summary) Kordos, L., 1977 Microrus (Sfenocranius) gregalis 6s felsBpliocCn gerinces fauna Gencsapatibol (Microtus [Stenocranius] gregalis and Upper Pliocene vertebrate fauna from Gencsapati, Hungary.) Fragm Miner Paleont., 8: 78-85 (in Hungarian) Kordos, L., 1982 Evolution of the Holocene Vertebrate Fauna in the Carpathian Basin Zeitschr fur Geol Wiss Berlin., 10 (1982), 7: 963-970 Kormos, T., 1909 A pleistoch Bsember nyomai Tatan (The signs of Pleistocene palaeolithic man at Tata.) Foldt Kozl., 39: 149-151 (in Hungarian) Kormos, T., 191 la u b er eine arktische Saugetierfauna im Pleistozan Ungarns Centralbl Min Geol Pal., 300-303 Kormos, T., 191lb Egy j teknBsfaj (Clemmys rndhelyi n.sp.) a magyarorszagi pleisztodnbbl (Une nouvelle e s p k e de tortue (Clemmys mkhelyi n.sp.) du Pleistockne Hongroise.) Foldt Kozl., 41 : 4-26, (in Hungarian with French summary) Korrnos, T., 1912 Die Palaolithische Ansiedelung bei Tata Mitt a.d Jahrb d kgl ung Geol -1 Reichsanst., 20: 1-76+Plt 11 Kormos, T., 1914 u b e r die resultate meiner Ausgrabungen im Jahr 1913 Jahresb d kgl ung Geol Reichsanst f 1913, 559-604 Kormos, T., 1915a Ekricht uber die Urwirbeltiersammlung der kgl ungar geologischen Reichsanstalt Jahresb d kgl ungar Geol Reichsanst f 1914: 578-579 Kormos, T., 1915b Die Felsnische Pilisszhntb Beitrage zur Geologie, Archaologie und Fauna der Postglazialzeit Mitt a.d Jahrb d kgl ung Geol Reichsanst., 23 (6): 333-528+PI XXIIXXVII Kormos, T., 1925 A suJtBi forrasm6szkB-komplexum faunaja (Die Fauna des Quellenkalk-Komplexes von SuttB.) Allattani Kozl (22), 3-4: 159-175, 248-253 (in Hungarian with German summary) REFERENCFIS 195 Kormos T 1930 Diaanosen neuer Saugetiere aus der oberpliozanen Fauna des Somlvbberges bei Piispoki'iirdB Ann- Mus.-nat Hung, 27: 237-246 Kormos T 1933 Die Wolfe des ungarischen Oberpliodns Folia Zool Hydrobiol (3,1 : 13-35 Kormos; T:, 1934a Neue und we& bekannte Musteliden aus dern ungarischen- Oberpliozan Folia Zool Hydrobiol (S), 2: 12G158 Kormos, T., 1934b FelsB pliocenkori hj rovarevBk, deneverek 6s ragcsabk (Neue Insektenfresser, Fledermause und Nager aus dem Oberpliozan der Villanyer Gegend.) Foldt Kozl (64), : 1-26, 296-321 (in Hungarian with German summary) Kormos, T., 1937a Zur Frage der Abstammung und Herkunft der Quartaren Saugetier-Fauna Europas Festschr 60 Geburtstage v Prof Dr Embrik Strand, Vol 111, 287-328 Kormos, T., 1937b Zur Geschichtq und Geologie der oberpliozanen Knochenbreccien des Villanyer Gebirges Math Term Tud Ert., 56: 1061-1110 Kormos, T and Lambrecht, K., 1914 Die Felsnische am Remetehegy und ihre postglaziale Fauna Mitt a.d Jahrb d kgl ung Geol Reichsanst., 22 (6): 371-404 Korrnos, T and Schrtter, Z., 1917 Vorlaufiger Bericht iiber die Untersuchung der an den Randern des Budaer Gebirges und des Gerecse-Gebirges vorkommenden Siisswasserkalke Jahrb d kgl ung Geol Reichsanst., f 1915, 583-585 Kretzoi, M., Kormos Th Die Fauna des Quellenkalk-Komplexes von SiittB c dolgozat ismertetkse (Kormos, Th.: Die Fauna des Quellenkalk-Komplexes von SiittB.) Barlangkutatas, - : 100-101 (in Hungarian and German) Kretzoi, M., 1938 Die Raubtiere von Gombaszog, nebst einer ubersicht der Gesamtfauna, etc Ann Mus.-nat Hung., Pars Miner Geol Palaeont., 31 : 88-157 Kretzoi, M., 1941a Weitere Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Fauna von Gombaszog Ann Hist.-nat Mus Nat Hung 34: 105-139 Kretzoi, M., 1941b.Dis unterpleistozane Saugetierfauna von Betfia bei Nagyvarad, Foldt Kozl (71) 7-12: 235-261, 308-335 Kretzoi; M., 1942 Spelaeus-Fauna aus dem Mecsek-Gebirge ohne Hohlenbaren Foldt Kozl., 72: 364 Kretzoi, M., 1953 Quaternary geology and the vertebrate fauna Acta Geologica (2), 1-2: 67-77 Kretzoi, M., 1954a BefejezB jelentes a Csakvari barlang BslBnytani feltirasarol (Rapport final des fouilles paleontologiques dans la grotte de Csakvar.) 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M All Foldt Int Evi Jel., 1959, 297-395 (in Hungarian with German and Russian summaries) Kretzoi, M., 1964 Die Wirbeltierfauna des Travertinkomplexes von Tata In: Vertes et al.: (Editors): Tata, etc Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp 105-126 Kretzoi, M., 1965 Die Nager und Lagomorphen von Voigstedt in Thiiringen und ihre chronologische Aussage Palaozoologie, 11, 213 : 585-660 Kretzoi, M., 1968 Etude palkontologique In: M Gabori and Csank, V.: (Editors) La station du paleolithique moyen d'Erd, Hongrie Akadtrniai Kiado, Budapest, pp 50-103 Kretzoi, M., 1969 A magyarorszagi quarter 6s pliocen szirazfoldi biosztratigrafihjanak vizlata (Sketch of the Late Cenozoic [Pliocene and Quaternary] terrestrial stratigraphy of Hungary) Foldr Kozl., 3: 179-204 (in Hungarian with English summary) Kretzoi, M and Krolopp, E., 1972 Az Alfold harmadkor vegi 6s negyedkori rttegtana az Bsltnytani adatok alapjan (Oberplioz2ne und quartare Stratigraphie des Alfold [Grosse ungarische Tiefebene] aufgrund palaontologischer Angaben.) 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Barlangkutatas (16), 3: 285-292 (in Hungarian with German summary) Miiller-Beck, H., 1969 Der stratigraphische und nomenklatorische Wert der Begriffe ,,Gunz", ,,Mindel" und ,,Riss" Internat Colloqu Lower-Middle Pleistocene, Moscow-Tiraspol, manuscript, pp Nehring, A., 1897 Uber mehrere neue Spalax-Arten Sitzungsber Ges naturforsch Freunde zu Berlin, 10: 163-183 Nelring, A,, 1898 Uber Dolomys nov gen foss 2001.Anzeiger, Berlin, 549: 13-16 Pareto, L., 1865 Note sur les subdivisions que Yon pourrait etablir dans les terrains tertiaires de 1'Appennin septentrional Bull SOC.Geol France (2), 22: 210-277 Pksi, M., 1962 Tiz kv tortenetfoldrajzi kutatasai (Ten years of historical-geographical research.) Foldr Ert (17), 3: 305-336 (in Hungarian) P&si M 1964 Ten Years of Phvsiconeoaaphic Research in Hunnarv Akademiai Kiad6 Buda- pest,'132 pp., Ser Studies in GeoGapGy,'l P&i, M., 1965 A Karpat-medencebeli ldszok, losszerfi iiledekek tipusai litostratigrafiai beoszta- REFERENCES 197 suk (Zur Frage der Typen der L o s e und lossartigen Sedimente im Karpatenbecken und ihre lithostratigraphische Einteilung.) Foldr Kozl., 13: 305-323 (in Hungarian with German summary) Pksi, M., 1973 A v6rtessz6liisi 6paleolit cisember telephelyknek geomorfologiai helyzete 6s abszolut kora (The geomorphological position and absolute age of the occupation site of old Palaeolithic man of VkrtessziilBs.) Foldr Kozl., 21 : 115-119 (in Hungarian) Penck, A and Bruckner, E., 1901 Die Alpen im Eiszeitalter Bd 1-111, Leipzig Petbnyi, S J 1864 Hatrahagyott munkai (Posthumous works.) Pest, 130 pp (in Hungarian) Peters, K., 1857 Geologische Studien in Ungarn I Die Umgebung von Ofen Jahrb Geol Reichsanst., Wien, 8: 308-334 Peth6, G., 1901 Rhinoceros mercki el6fordulasa a Balaton mellett (The occurrence of Rhinoceros mercki at Lake Balaton.) Foldt Kozl., 31: 167 (Abstract of talk from minutes of meetings) (in Hungarian) Rabeder, G., 1971 Die Kleinsaugerfauna des Jungpliozans von Stranzendorf In: Fink, J (Editor): Fuhrer zur Exkursion durch den osterreichischen Teil des nordlichen Alpenvorlandes und des Donauraums zwischen Krems und Wiener Pforte Mitt Osterr Quartarkomm Akad Wiss., Wien, : 137-139 RemBnyi, K A,, 1954 A kislangi 6seml6s lel6hely (Der fossile Saugetier-Fundort von Kislang.) Foldt Kozl., 84: 376-388 (in Hungarian with German summary) Rbnai, A et al., 1972 Alfold Negyedkori uledekk6pzBdks 6s eghajlattortenet az Alfold medenckjeben (Quartarsedimentation und Klimageschichte im Becken der ungarischen Tiefebene [Alfold].) Magy All Foldt Int Evk (56): : 421 (in Hungarian with German summary) Rotaridesz, M., 1943 Praeglacialis csigak a Solymari barlangb61 (Praglaziale Schnecken aus der Hohle von Solymar.) Ann Hist.-nat Mus Nat Hung., Pars Min.-Geol Pal., 36: 85-90 Scherf, E., 1935 Alfoldunk pleisztodn 6s holocCn ritegeinek geologiai 6s morfologiai viszonyai 6s ezek osszefiiggkse a talajalakulassal, kulonosen a sziktalajkCpz6dCssel (Geologische und morphologische Verhaltnisse des Pleistozans und Holozans der Grossen Ungarischen Tiefebene und ihre Beziehung zur Bodenbildung, insbesondere der Alkalibodenentstehung.) Foldt Int Evi Jel., 1925-28, 266-273, 274-301 (in Hungarian) Scheuer, G and Schweitzer, F., 1973 A magyarorszagi travertino-osszletek kepzodksknek fazisai a negyedkorban (Phases of formation of travertino packs in the Quaternary of Hungary.) Foldr Kozl (21), : 141-144 (in Hungarian) Scheuer, G and Schweitzer, F., 1974 Uj szempontok a Budai-hegyskg kornyeki edesvizi mCszkBosszletek kkpz6d6sehez (New aspects of the formation of freshwater limestone packs in the environs of the Buda Hills.) Foldr Kozl (22), 2: 113-134 (in Hungarian) Schlesinger, G., 1922 Die Mastodonten der Budapester Samrnlungen Geol Hung., 11, Fasc : 1-284 Schrtter, Z., 1910 Egy gazdag mastodon-leletr61 (On a rich Mastodon finding.) Foldt Kozl., 40: 639-640 (Abstract of talk from minutes of meetings) (in Hungarian) SchrBter, Z., 1953 A Budai- 6s Gerecse-hegysig peremi Cdesvizi meszk6 el6fordulasai (Les occur-1- , : - > - L - >, >.> > _ - _ _ - >>_ _, r - L l > -.: Stieber, J., 1952 Antrakotornicheskiye i ksilotomicheskiye issledovaniya (Anthrachotomical and xylotomical studies.) Ann Hist.-nat Mus Nat Hung S.N., 2: 261-280 (in Russian) Suttcliffe A J and Kowalski K 1976 Pleistocene rodents of the British Isles Bull British Mus (Nat Hist.) Geology (27); 2: 33-177 Szab6, J., 1863 Az edesvizi mCszkblet viszonvai 6-Budan (The freshwater limestones of 0-Buda.) JegyzBkonyvi kivonat Foldt Tars Munk.; Vol 11, 189-190 (in Hungarian) Szab6, J., 1872 Egy morena k6pzBdmCny a Matraban (A morainal formation in the Matra Mountains.) Foldt Kozl., 2: 233-241 (in Hungarian) Telegdi-Roth, L., 1879 A rakos-ruszti hegyvonulat a Lajta-hegystg deli rbzknek geolbgiai vazlata (Geological outline of the rakos-ruszti ranges and the southern parts of the Lajta Mountains.) Foldt Kozl., 9: 99-1 10 (in Hungarian) Urbancsek, J., 1965 Az Alfold negyedkori foldtani kkpz6dmknyeinek mtlyszerkezete (Deep structure of the geological formations of the Quaternary in the Great Hungarian Plain.) Hidrol6giai Kozl., 3: 11 1-124 (in Hungarian) Varrok, S., 1955 Az 195@-53 evi bakonyi barlangi asatasok Bslenytani eredmknyei (Rgsultats palbntologiques des excavations dans les cavernes du Bakony, 1950-53.) Foldt Int Evi Jel., 1953, Part 11, 491-502 (in Hungarian with French summary) _^_^^^ - A T- 198 REFERENCES Wrtes, L., 1950a Upponyi isatisok (Excavations at Uppony) Foldt Kozl., 80: 409-416 (in Hungarian) Vkrtes, L., 1950b A Solymiri barlang rCtegviszonyair61 (On the stratigraphical situation of the Solymdr cave.) Foldt Kozl (83), 4-6: 199-203 (in Hungarian) Vertes, L., 1952 A MClyvolgyi kBfiilke 6s nChany mas mecseki barlang kutatasirbl (Research on the rock shelter of MClvvolav and some other caves in the Mecsek Mountains.) Foldt Kozl (82), 7-9: 270-278 (in-Hungarian) VCrtes, L 1962 Die Ausmabungen in Szeksdrd-Palank und die archaoloaischen Funde Swiatowit, 24: 159-202 Vkrtes, L., 1965 Az BskBkor 6s az itmeneti k6kor emlkkei Magyarorsdgon (Remains from the Palaeolithic and the Mesolithic Periods in Hungary.) AkadCmiai Kiado, Budapest, 385 pp (in Hungarian) VCrtes, L., 1966 The Upper Palaeolithic site on Mt Henye at Bodrogkeresztlir Acta Arch Acad Sci Hung., 18: 3-14 Vkrtes, L et al., 1956 Neuere Forschungen in der Jankovich-Hohle Folia Archaeologica, 9: 3-23 W e t , J., 1954 Le loess a bancs durcis de Saint-Vallier (Drome) et sa faune de mammifkres Villafranchienn Nouv Arch Mus Hist Natur., Lyon, Fasc IV, p 183 Wiegank, F., 1975 Erste Ergebnisse palaomagnetischer Untersuchungen quartarer Lockersedimente in der DDR Zeitschr Geol Wiss., 8: 1103-1109 Zazhigin, W S., 1966 Stratigraficheskoye znacheniye fauny melkikh mlekopitayushchikh eopleistocena Zapadnoy Sibiri (Stratigraphical significance on the small-mammal fauna from the Pleistocene of western Siberia.) Bull Kom izuch Chetvert Perioda, 32: 46-50 (in Russian) INDEX OF LOCALITIES Ajnacsko (= HajnaEka) 19 Arka-Herszaret 154 Aszod Badacsony 183 Baits cave 165 Baktaloranthaza 53 Balatonfoldvar-Koroshegy 53 Balla cave 147, 154 Barot-Kopec (= Barault-Capeni) 19 Beremend - localities nos 1-3, 28 - locality no 29 - locality no 29 - locality no 11 30 Berva cave 141 Berva valley rock hollow 164 Betfia (=Piispokfiirdo=Episcopia) 178 Bivak cave 147, 153 Bodrogkereszthr (Henye Hill) 148 Buda, Castle Hill of 85 - freshwater limestone (see according to localities: Fortuna street, Orszighaz street, Uri street etc.) - the gravel of Budakalasz 66 3iidospest 141 Cegled 69 Csamota - localities nos 1-3 22 - locality no 9-22 - locality no 22 Csongrad 38, 53,68 DiosgyBr-Tapolca 147 Dorog 140 Dunaalmas - locality no 40 - freshwater limestone (in general) 38 Dunafoldvar 12 Ercsi - “meridionalis gravel” 45 Erd 137-139 Esterhazy cave (Csakvir, Upper Pleistocene part) 124 Fortuna street, 25 (Castle Cave) 87-88 Gencsapati 143 Herman Otto cave 147 Hilton (Castle Hill) 105-107 Homan B a h t cave 165 Horvolgy cave 109-1 10 IstilloskB cave 144-146 Ivanocz (= Ivanhaza= Ivanovce) 19 Jankovich cave 147, 158 Jaszladany 68 Kecsktsgalya cave 141 Kengyel38, 68, 143 Kiscell91 Kiskevely cave 133, 141 Kisbng 43-45 KBbanya (Budapest) 46 KBhati cave 133 Kolyuk cave (= KGlyuk 1.) 147 Kopite (Dunaalmas) 39 Koroshegy, see Balatonfoldvar Kovesvarad 62-65 Lambrecht, Kalman cave 125-129 Lengyel cave 139 Leshegy-Csucsoshegy (Dunaalmas) 39 Lovas 147 Madaras 154 Mako 38 Megyefa shaft (presently =Biikkosd) 141 Mindszent 68 Nagyharsinyhegy locality no 47 locality no 47, 48 locality no 47 locality no 47, 53 - locality no 47 - locality no 107, 108 NogradverBce, see VerBce - Oballa puszta 53 Orsdghiiz street (Castle Hill) - no 14 86 - no 16 86, 87 - no 20 89 200 Orszaghaz street (Castle Hill) no 21 88, 89 no 26 89 Osztramos - locality no 19 - locality no 49-51 - locality no 35, 36 - locality no 51, 52 - locality no 22-27 - locality no 1, 52 - locality no 19 - locality no 14 52, 53 - Ocsod 53 Ordoglyuk cave (Solymar) 111 Perpac cave 164 Pesko cave 147, 153 Petinyi cave 161 Pilisszinto - rock shelter no 149-152 - rock shelter no 147, 152-153 Porlyuk (Josvafo) 124 Poroslyuk (Ballavolgy) 131 Porgolhegy (= Szirazgerence at Bakonybel) 129 Puskaporos 154 Rejtek, rock shelter no of 158-161 Rernete cave 157-158 Remetehegy, rock shelter of 154-156 Sagvar 12, 153 Soh 12 Solymar, see Ordoglyuk Somssich Hill - locality no 48 - locality no 54-57, 178 Subalyuk (= Mussolini cave) 133-136 siitto - freshwater limestone 38, 40 - localities nos 1, and (those of Kormos) 121 - locality no 121, 122 - bcality no 116-120 - locality no 122-124 Szabadhidveg (=Varoshidveg) Szabadsaghegy-Csilleberc 16 INDEX O F LOCALITIES Szirazgerence, see Porgolhegy Szeged 68 Szeged-Othalom 153 Szekszhrd-Palank 154 Szeleta cave 147 Szeleveny 53 Szelim cave 141, 153 Szentharomsag street, no (Castle Hill) 86 Szentbszlo 13, 143 Szulimhn 13, 143 Tapolca cave 147 Tarko, rock shelter of -,Upper Pleistocene strata 130, 131, 164 -, Middle Pleistocene strata 72-78 Tata 139 Tekeresvolgy rock cavity 153 Tisza, “bluish clay” of 143 Tokod-Hegyesko (=Tokod-Nagyberek) 141 Uppony, rock shelter no of layers nos 1-8 91-102 layer no 10 67, 68 Uri street, no 72 (Castle Hill) 86 Uromhegy 65 - Varbarlang (Castle Cave), see Castle Hill, of Buda Varhegy (Castle Hill), see Buda, Castle Hill of Vaskapu cave 164 Vecs 143 Veriice 12 Vertesszolos - locality no 83, 84 - locality no 80-83 Villany - locality no 31 - locality no 31 - locality no (“Vilbny-Kalkberg-Nord” = =Vilbny-Templomhegy) 31-34 - locality no 31 - locality no 37, 38 - locality no 57, 58 - locality no 58, 59 - locality no 59-62 - localities nos 10-11 48 INDEX OF VERTEBRATE TAXA Accipiter - gentilis, (cf.) 127, 155 - nisus 155 - -, (cf.) 74 Aegolius funereus 135, 144, 151, 155 - -, (cf.) 74 Aegypius monachus 136 Alactaga saliens, see Allactaga major Alauda cristata 151 Alces - alces 129, 130, 143, 145, 147, 148, 153 - brevirostris 112 - SP (?) 21, 50, 108 Allactaga -jaculus, see A major - major 129, 134, 135, 137, 142, 154 Allocricetus, see also Rhinocricetus - bursae 52, 53, 60, 61, 65, 68, 76, 82, 87, 94, 96-99, 107, 108, 119, 125, 129, 131 - Phiki 33, 36, 37, 48 - _ (aff.) 30 - SP 29,44, 47, 56, 109, 110 A llohippus - s p 34 - stenonis 38, 42, 45, 46, 66, 86 - also see Equus Allophaiomys - deucalion 38 - pliocaenicus 48-53 Alopex, see Vulpes Amphibia, see also Anura Anancus arvernensis 19, 40,45, 46 Anus - acuta (cf.) 82 - crecca 155 - penelope 155 - platyrhynchos 82, 127, 136, 142, 145, 150, 155 - querquedula 136, 142, 150 - sp 44, 56 - strepera 150 Anguissp 20,74,88, 109, 117,118, 127, 132,160 Anser - albifrons 155 - anser127 - subanser 54, 87 Anthus sp 64, 151 Anura 20, 25, 29, 49, 51, 55, 67, 74, 82, 87, 88, 93-98, 108, 109, 123, 124, 127, 130, 132 Apodemus - agrarius ( a f f )76 - alsomyoides 33, 58 - dominans 12,21 - flavicollis, see A tauricus - leptodus 37 - SP.26, 36, 60, 95, 98, 107, 137 - sylvaticus 33,49, 50, 56, 65, 68, 76, 83, 87-89, 93, 97, 99, 108, 109, 112, 118, 119, 121-123, 125, 129, 131, 132, 134, 135, 157, 158, 160, 164 - -, (Cf.) 37, 41, 48, 52, 54, 61, 84 - tauricus 131, 140 Apus - apus 144 - -, (cf.) 74 - baranensis 29 - melba, (cf.) 97, 98, 135, 136 - submelba 74 Aquila - chrysat?tos 150 _ _ , (cf.) 32 - heliaca 127 Archidiskodon meridionalis 9, 13, 45, 46 - planifrons 38 - trogontherii9, 86 _ _ ssp cromerensis 66 Arvicola - amphibius, see A terrestris - bactonensis 54, 62 - cantiana 60, 76, 82, 83, 87-89 - greeni-praeceptor, see Arvicola sp I - sp., also see “sp 1-111.” 58, 84, 98, 99 - “sp I.” 93-97 - “Sp 11.” 107, 108 _ _ 111 110, 112 - scherman, see Arvicola terrestris - terrestris 118, 119, 123, 125, 129-132, 134, 137, 142, 145, 147, 152, 156, 157, 160, 164 Asinus hydruntinus 124, 129, 133, 134, 139-143 - sp 57 Asio - Jammeus 93,95, 142, 145, 151, 155 _ - (aff ) 51, 74, 82 - otus 136, 151, 155 Aspius aspius 66 Athene - noctua 151 202 Athene -_ lunellensis 56 ~veta 26 Aythya nyroca 74, 150, 155 Ilaranogale beremendensis 21, 28, 33, 38 llaranomys loczyi 21, 26 Baranophrys discoglossides 57 Barbastella - barbastellus 67, 82, 95, 97-99, 128 - cf leucomelas 65 Reremendia fissidens 21,26,28-30, 32, 35, 37,41, 47-49, 51-53, 56, 58, 60, 61, 74 Reremendimys noszkyi 29 Bison - hungaricirs 111 - priscus 83, 86-88, 95, 129, 130, 132-134, 140, 142, 143, 145, 148, 157 ssp 76,94 ~-Sp 161 Blarionoides mariae 21, 26 Rlicca bjorkha 66 Rombina sp 57, 60, 61, 127 Uombycilla garrulus 144 Ros primigenius 134, 139, 143, 152, 154 Bubo bubo 136, 142 ~~- Sp 26, 32, 66, 82 Bi@elus murrensis 103 Ruf o - ~-bufo 109, 127 ~- Sp 20, 29, 37, 48, 60, 64, 108, 111, 135, 160 stylaris 44 -~ viridis 32, 57, 121, 127, 137 Buteo cf buteo 127, 136, 155 ~- lagopus 155 rufinus 150 ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ Calidris alpinus 150 Camelus cf bessarabensis 45, 46 Canis -~ arnensis 52 - cf kronstadtensis 65 -~ “l~pus” 54, 87,94, 121, 128, 130, 134, 137, 44, 139-142, 145, 148, 151, 156 -~- (ssp.) 33 mosbachensis 33, 56,61,62, 76, 83, 84, 86-89 (s 1.) martelinus 28, 38 SP 26, 50, 54, 139 - spelaeus 110 C‘apella - aff media 74, 150 -~ gallinago 150 Capra -~ ibex 130, 132, 134, 139, 145, 148, 152 ~- sewertzowi, see C ibex Cupreolus capreolus 121, 130, 152 -~ ,(ssp major) 94,96,110,125,129,132,140 -~ SP 29, 34 - suessenbornensis 57, 65, 76, 83, 86, 87 ~~ ~ INDEX OF VERTEBRATE TAXA Carassius - vulgaris 66, 144 - sp 55 Castor - cf issiodorensis 44 - fiber 74, 82, 84, 129, 142, 152, 154, 156 Cervodama pontoborealis 26 Cervus - acoronatus 66, 68, 76, 83, 84, 86-89 - ardei40 - dicranius 45 - elaphus 94, 95, 97, 108, 110, 112, 121, 123125, 129, 130, 132-134, 139, 140, 142, 143, 145, 148, 152, 154, 157, 161 _ _ ssp priscus, see C acoronatus - maral, see C elaphus - philisi group 26, 36, 40, 42 - ?pyrenaicus 21 _ _ (=Rusa group) 21, 50, 52, 66 - sp 34, 54, 57 Chaus sp 56 C i n c h cinclus 151 Circus - macrourus 150 - sp (aff cyaneus) 49, 150, 155 Citellus - citelloides (cf.) also see C citellus group 86, 106, 108, 109, 117-119, 125, 129, 132, 137, 142, 145, 147, 152 - citellus group 82, 88, 134 - (Colobotis) sp 50-52 _ _ (“major”) 93-95, 97, 147, 152, 164 - primigenius 33, 36, 37, 48, 56, 58, 60, 61 - SP 44, 84 Clemmys mthelyi see Emys orbicularis Clethrionomys, see Myodes Coccothraustes coccothraustes 121 144 Coelodonta antiquitatis 124, 129, ’133, 134, 139, 140, 142, 143, 152, 157 Coloeus monedula 93 142 144 151 Columbapalumbus 128, 136, 151, 155 Corvus - corax (cf.) 74, 147, 151, 155 - corone (-cornix) 128, 144, 155 - frugilegus 151 Coturnix coturnix 56,93, 106, 121, 127, 136, 150, 155, 157, 160 Crex crex 127, 145, 150, 155 Cricetinus - europaeus 21 - SP 26 Cricetiscus, see Cricetulus Cricetulus sp 54, 56, 58, 88, 147, 152, 153, 156 Cricetus - cricetus ssp 76, 82, 84, 86, 89, 107, 108, 110, 112, 123, 134, 145, 152, 156, 157, 160, 164 _ _ major 93-95, 125, 129, 132 - - nanus 48-50, 52 _ _ prueglaciulis 54, 58, 60, 61, 65, 66 - - runtonensis 54, 56, 58, 59, 68, 76 Crocidura - kornfeldi32, 35, 37, 48, 49, 51, 52 INDEX OF VERTEBRATE TAXA Crocidura - leucodongroup 74,86,106,108,109,123,128, 131, 160 - _ “russula” 108, 121 - obtusa (aff.) 51-53, 56, 58, 64,74, 88 - robusta 125 - sp 47, 112 - suaveolens 108, 109, 118, 121, 122, 128, 131 Crocotta - cf crocuta 121, 124 - SP 83, 86 - spelaea 110, 128, 130, 134, 137, 140, 142, 145, 152, 156 Crocuta, see Crocotta Cseria gracilis 21 Cuculus canorus 97, 151 Cuon alpinus 134 Duma - cf somonensis 124 - SP 118, 122 Dendrocopus - major 144, 151, 155, 160 - _ ssp submajor 56, 74 Desmagale pannonica 44 Desmana - crassidens 44 - kormosi 29 - moschata (hrtngarica) 143, 151 - nehringi 30, 32, 37, 68 - sp 21, 26, 35, 49, 98 - thermalis 51, 56, 66, 68, 74, 82, 87 Dicerorhinus - etruscus 33, 45, 46, 52, 57, 66, 76, 83, 84, 86 - jeanvireti 40 - kirchbergensis 111 - megarhinus 26 Dicrostonyx sp 76, 95 - torquatus93, 94, 119, 142, 143, 147, 152-154, 156-1 58 Dolichopithecus 21, 46 Dolomys - milleri 29 - nehringi21 Drepanosorex - margaritodon 37, 49, 51, 53, 58, 60, 61 - savini 67, 74 Dryobates, see Dendrocopus Dryomimus eliomyoides 26, 33, 56 Dryomys nitedula 76,86, 109, 118, 125, 129, 135, 160 203 Epimachairodus - hungaricus 29, 33 - sp Episoriculus - gibberodon 21, 26, 28, 29, 32, 37, 41, 49 - SP 51, 52, 56 Eptesicus - nilssonii65,82,94-98,109,123,128,131,135, 145 - praeglacialis 33 - serotinus 131, 160 - SP 67 Equus (also see Allohippus) - marxi54 - mosbachensis 83, 84, 86 - sp (a smaller species from the Upper Pleistocene) 110, 112, 121, 123, 139, 153, 156, 157 - - (larger species from the Upper Pleistocene, “abeli”) 110, 125, 129, 130, 132-134, 139, 140, 142, 143, 145, 148, 152, 153 _ _ (“robustus”) 26, 45, 50 - steinheimensis 124 Erinaceus - “europaeus” 32, 125, 160 - “Iechei“ 33 - ostramosi 51, 52 - praeglacialis 56, 58, 74 - sp 37, 48, 49, 58, 60,88, 106, 109, 123, 128, 145, 156 Esox lucius 44, 66, 144 Estramomys simplex 26, 30, 33, 36 Eucladoceros dichotomus 45 - senezensis 42 Euctenoceros sp 52 Eutamias sp 21 ~ Fuko - aesalon see F columbarius - cherrug 150 - columbarius 121, 127, 145, 155 - peregrinus (cf.) 136 - sP 30 _ _ (cf antiquus) 109 - tinnuncutus 109, 121, 135, 137, 145, 150, 155, 157 - _ ssp atavus 56, 74 - vespertinus (aff.) 56, 97, 136, 145, 150, 155 Felis - cf leo, see Leo cf leo - lunensis 26, 45, 56 magna 76 - silvestris (cf.) 50, 110, 125, 133, 145, 156,157 - SP 21, 108, 128 Francolinus - capeki 21, 26, 30, 49, 51 - minor26 - subfruncolinus 32 Fringilla montifringila 156, 160 ~ Eliomys - quercinus 109, 160 - - ssp helleri 76 Ernberiza - cf calandra 74, 151 - citrinella (cf.) 93 Ernys - orbicularis 38, 55, 94 - sp 44 Epirnachairodus - cf crenatidens 45 Gale, see Mustela Galerida cf cristata 56 Gallus beremendensis 29 INDEX OF VERTEBRATE TAXA 204 Garrulus glandarius 144, 151, 155 Gazellospira cf torticornis 21, 34, 54 Germanomys ~- weileri26 cf ~- 36 sP Glaucidiumpasserinum 155 Glirurus gemmula 21 - pusillus 26 ~ GIis - glis 108, 109, 112, 117, 118, 121, 125, 129, 131, 132, 160 _ _ (cf.) 76, 88 minor 21, 26 - sackdilligensis 33, 36, 50-52, 56, 65, 67, 74, 82, 84, 97-99 Grus cf grus 87 Gulogul; 135, 140, 152, 154, 156 GypaCtus barbatus 136 Gyps melitensis 82, 127 - Hemiechinus samsonowiczi 21 Ifemitragus cf bonali 21, 34 Himantopus himantopus 150 Hipparion - moriturum 45, 46 SP 16 Hippopotamus antiquus 66 Hirundo cf rustica 51, 56, 109, 144, 151, 156 Hyaena, also see Crocuta, Crocotta I I ypolagus - - beremendensis 21, 26, 28-30, 33, 36, 38, 42, 48, 50, 52, 54, 58, 65 -~sp 44, 53 “iiystricomys thiiringiacus” 44 Hystrix - cf major 26, 40, 52 SP 33, 38 -~~vinogradovi 129, 130, 132, 133 - - SSP 52 ~ ~ Ibex (carpathorum), see Capra ibex Kislangia kadici 44 ondatrina 44 rex 33, 38 -~ Lucerta -~ aailis 20 137 aff - ruscinensis 20 - viridis 32, 37, 57, 60, 64, 74 Lucertilia 30, 49, 51, 60, 61, 74, 82, 93-98, 108, 109, 117-119, 121, 123, 124, 127, 135, 155, 160 Lugoplls lagopus 82, 93, 97, 127, 145, 150, 153, 157.160 -~muLi-io9, 119, 145, 147, 150, 153, 155, 160 Lugotherium, see Hypolagus Lagurodon, see Lagurus Lagurus - arankae 44, 48-50, 52, 53, 56 - lagurus 108, 110, 118, 123, 129, 135, 139 - - ssp solymarensis 112 - pannonicus 12, 53, 54, 56, 58, 61, 62, 65 - sp 33, 131 - transiens 76, 87-89 Lanius - collurio 156 - minor 151 - senator 151 Larus ridibundus 151 Lemmus sp 26, 36, 50, 52, 56, 76 Leo - cf leo 121 - cf toscana 45 - gornbasziigensis (cf.) 33, 56, 65,68, 83,94,95, 98.99 - spelaeus 128,130,134, 137,140,142,145,148, 152 - _ ssp 83, 86 Leptobos cf etruscus 38, 45 Lepus - europaeus 87, 125, 129, 134, 157 - uraetimidus 112, 123 sp 76, 83, 87-89, 93-96, 98, 99, 107, 108, 110, 121, 129, 131, 133 140, 161 164 - terraerubrae 54, 56, 58’ - timidus 129, 139, 142, 146, 148, 152, 156 Leuciscus - cephalus 66 - idus 66 - rutilus, see Rutilus rutilus Loxia curvirostra 144, 151, 156 Lutra - cf bravardi45 - lutra 152 - (s 1.) SP 38, 56, 83, 134 - _ aff simplicidens 99 Lynx - lynx 110, 131, 134, 145, 148, 152 - - ssp strandi 33, 38 - (?) sp 21, 29, 45, 50 Lyrurus - partium 32, 49, 51, 56, 74 - tetrix 82, 106, 109, 112, 127, 131, 132, 135, 136, 139, 142, 143, 145, 147, 150, 155, 157, 160 - _ (cf.) 87, 93, 95 I 105, 132, 155, 157, Macaca s p 21, 57 Machairodontida 21, 51, 65, 84 Macrohippus, see Equus “robustus”superspecies Macroneomys brachygnathus 64 “Mammut” see Zygolophodon Mammuthus -primigenius 128, 134, 139, 140, 142, 143, 145, 148 152 - wiisti 33 Marmota bobak (aff.) 106 Martes - martes 128, 134, 145, 152, 156 - Sp 65, 76, 94, 99, 110, 137, 161 INDEX OF VERTEBRATE TAXA Megaceros, see Megaloceros Megalobatrachidae 20 Megaloceros - cf dupuisi 21 - giganteus 129, 134, 139-143, 152 _ - ssp antecedens 103 - SP 38, 45, 86, 94, 110, 124 Meles - aff atavus 45, 52, 56 - meles 110, 125, 128, 133, 134, 137, 145, 152 Micromys - minutus 160 - praeminutus 21, 36 - - (cf.) 30 Microtus - aarestis 59 93 145 152 156 160 164 - ahalinus 54, 56, 58; 61, 62,65, 68,’76, 82-84, 87-89, 97, 98 - arvalis59,93-96, 107, 108, 110, 112,116, 118, 119, 121-123, 125 129 131 132, 134, 135, 137, 142, 145, 152, 156-158, 160, 164 - arvaloides, see M arvalinus - conjugens 82, 83 - gregalis 56,61,65,76,82, 83,93-97, 107, 108, 110, 112, 118, 119, 123, 131, 132, 135, 137, 142, 143, 145, 152-154, 156-158, 160, 164 - nivalinus 54, 58, 61, 62, 65 - nivalis 54, 61, 93, 95, 96, 125, 152, 153, 157, 160, 164 - nivaloides 54 58 62 76 - oeconomus 93-97, i08, 110, 112, 123, 129, 137, 142 145 147 152, 156 - ratticepoides 54, , 58,.59, 61, 62, 65, 16, 84, 89 - ratticeps, see M oeconomus Mimomys - arvalinus 37 - coelodus 44 - exilis 36, 37 - fejervaryi 33, 37, 48 - hungaricus 33, 36, 37 - intermedius, see M savini - kislangensis 44 - majori, see M savini - mehelyi29, 30, 31 - newtoni 44, 52 - obtusus 37 - ostramosensis 36 - petenyii 33, 37, 99 - pitymyoides 36, 41 - pliocaenicus 12, 13, 37 - - (aff.) 33 _ - (SOUP) 42 - pusillus 33, 36, 37, 49, 50, 52, 53, 58 - reidi 36, 42,44, 99 - savini12, 18, 38, 48, 54, 56, 58, 60, 61, 65, 66 68,76 - silasensis 19 - simplex 44 - sp 26, 29, 30, 42, 44, 52 - stehlini26, 30 - tornensis 36 205 Miniopterus - schreibersi 67, 89, 93, 98, 99, 121, 160 - SP 51 Monitor deserticolus 58, 60 Motacilla alba 151 Mus - musculus (ssp synanthropus)76,84,88 - solymarensis 112 - - (aff ) 118 - SP 123 Muscardinus - avellanarius 67, 76, 97, 98, 125, 132, 160 - dacicus 50, 65 - SP.21, 26 Mustela - erminea 128, 134, 145, 152, 157 - -, (Cf.) 76, 83, 93, 95, 96, 112 - nivalis 97, 107, 108, 110, 128, 131, 134, 145, 152, 156, 161 - -, (Cf.) 76, 83, 94, 95, 99, 112 - palerminea (aff.) 21, 28, 29, 33, 38, 50, 52, 54, 58, 61, 62 - plioerminea 26 - praenivalis 26, 29, 54, 58, 61, 62, 65 Myodes - glareolus 50, 58, 60, 62, 65, 93-97, 108, 110, 125, 129, 131, 135, 142, 145, 152, 156-158, 160, 164 - hintoni 54 - rutilus (cf.) 83, 137 - sebaldi33, 36 - SOIUS 38 - Sp 49, 56, 65, 68, 76, 82, 89, 98, 99, 112, 118, 119, 122, 123 Myotis - baranensis 33, 64 67 - bechsteini (ssp rdbustus) 64, 67, 82, 97, 98, 106, 123, 128, 131, 160 - blvthii67 82 86 88 93 96-98 106 121 ’ - biandti 67, 82, 96, 99 - camacini 123 - ddsycneme (cf.) 36, 51, 53, 65, 67, 82, 96-99, 123, 128, 131 - cf.daubentoni51,67,95-99,106,128, 135 _ - delicatus 64 - _ gundersheimensis - ernarginatus 53, 67, 97, 99 - extinctus 112 - frater 67 - gundersheimensis 64 - myotis (cf.) 109, 128, 135 - mystacinus 64, 67, 94, 96-98, 123, 128, 131, 135 - nattereri67, 82, 88, 93, 95-99, 106, 128, 156, 157, 160 - oxygnathoides 112 - oxygnathus, see M blythii - schaubi 33, 36, 51, 67, 99 - steiningeri 33 - wusti 33, 53, 58 I Natrix natrix 32 , 206 Neomys - SP 51 - _ (cf fodiens) 128, 145 Nucifraga caryocatacres 144, 151, 155 Numenius -arquatus 136 - cf phaeopus 128 _ _ (sp.) 151 Nyctalus -~ aE Ieisleri 67 - sp 121 Nyctea scandiaca 128, 151, 155 Nyroca, see Aythya INDEX OF VERTEBRATE TAXA Parus - sp 93 Passer montanus (cf.) 93 Pastor roseus 151 Pelargosteon tothi 87 Pelobates fuscus cf 57, 60, 61, 105, 108, 127, 137 Perdix -perdix 123, 127, 135, 136, 145, 150, 155 _ - , (cf.) 74, 82, 109 - (spp jurcsaki) 87 Pernis apivorus 127 Petenyia hungarica 21, 26, 29, 30, 32, 35, 37, 48, 49, 51, 52, 64 Petenyiella gracilis 21, 26, 28, 60 Ochotona Philomachos pugnax 151 - “pusilla”93, 110, 125, 129, 132, 134, 135, 137, Picapica 82, 136, 144, 151, 155 142, 146, 148, 152, 156, 157, 161, 164 Picus _ - (ssp veterior) 112 - canus 128, 151 - SP.30,36,50,53, 56,58,65,76,83, 89,94-96, - cf viridis 56, 74 107, 131 Pinicola enucleator 82, 144, 151 - spelaea (see 0.pusilla) Pipistrellus Ochotonoides csarnotanus 21 -pipistrellus 131, 135 Ophidia 20, 25, 29, 30, 37, 48, 49, 51, 52, 55, 58, - SD 160 60, 61, 66, 74, 82, 86, 88, 89, 95, 97, 98, 105, Pitimys 108, 109, 112, 117-119, 121, 123, 124, 127, - arvalidens 54 56 58.60.62.65.68 , 76 82-84, , , , , 132, 135, 137, 140 142 160 164 87-89, 93-99 - intermedius 20, 37; 58, 60 - gregaloides 54, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 65, 76, 83, - SP 25, 51, 55 87, 89, 93, 95, 112 Opsiceros see Dicerorhinus - hintoni 58, 59, 61, 62, 65, 83 Oriohs oriolus 151, 155 - subterraneus 108,110,112,118, 121,125,129, Ortnenailurus latidens 83, 86 131, 160 Otis Platalea sp 169 - cf lambrechti49 Plecotus - tarda 106, 128 - auritus 64, 67, 82, 93-99, 123, 128, 137, 160 - letrax 106, 136 - laticeps 112 Ottrs scops 151 - SP 36,51 Oxyura sp 169 Plectophenax nivalis 156 Ovibos pallantis ( ?) 139 Pliobatrachus cf langhae 44 OviJ “Pliogallus”spp 20 - sp (ammon-polii group) 76, 94, 95 Pliolagus, see Hypolagus - - (‘‘small species”) 16, 110, 125, 129, 134 Pliomys - e$scopalis 12, 50, 53, 54, 56, 60, 62, 65, 68, Parhycrocuta robusta 45 76, 84, 87, 98 - (SSP.) 83 - -,(cf.) 97, 99 Parhystruthio pannonicus 44 - lenki 65, 68,76 Palueoloxodon antiquus 86 - posterior 96 Pannonicola brevidens 12, 19 - simplicior 48 Pannonictis Pliopetaurista - janossyi26 - dehneli26 - pilgrimi 21, 29, 33, 54, 58 - pliocaenica 21 pliocaenica 33, 38, 58 Pliopetes hungaricus 21, 26 Panthera Pliovormela beremendensis 47 - issiodorensis 45 Podiceps auritus 150 pardus 128, 134 Porzana porzana 145, 150, 155 _ - ssp sickenbergi 76 Procamptoeeras cf brivatense 21, 34, 54 - SP 33, 137 Prolagus cf bilobus 44 Parubos sp 19, 45 Promimomys Paruilurus sp 19 - cor21 Parapodemus sp 37, 44 - microdon 19 Parutanuki, see Canis (s 1.) martelinus Propliomys hungaricus 21 Parelephas trogontherii, see Archdiskodon Propotamochoerus sp 19 Pariis Prospalax priscus 21, 26, 29, 30, 33, 36, 37, 41, - cf ater 14 44,47 INDEX OF VERTEBRATE TAXA Purorius - eversmanni-soergeli, see P fur0 - fur0 128, 134, 137, 142, 152 - _ (ssp longicrus) 112 - robustus, see P fur0 - SP.42, 50, 68, 76, 145, 156 - stromeri 26, 29 Pyrrhocorax -graculus 136, 144, 151, 155 - _ ,(cf.) 74 - pyrrhocorax 112 - SP 67 Pyrrhula pyrrhula 93, 151, 156 Rallus aquaticus 127, 136, 142, 150, 155 Rana - esculenta 127 - mehelyi 127, 142, 144, 150 - SP 28, 37, 48, 58, 60, 61, 64, 66, 111, 160 - temporaria 58 - villanyensis 58 Rangifer “tarandus” 129, 130, 133, 134, 139, 140, 142, 145, 148, 152, 153, 156, 157, 161, 164 Ranidae 30, 135, 142, 155 ?Rattus sp 44 Rhagapodemus frequens 21 Rhinoceros, see Dicerorhinirs, Coelodonta, Stephanorhinus Rhinocricetus, see Allocricetus Rhinolophus - euryale (group) 36 - ferrumequinum 36, 64, 67, 93, 94, 96, 98, 121, 123, 128 - _ (aff,) 33, 37 - - (ssp antiqui) 112 - hipposideros 67, 88, 98, 112, 123, 128 - mehelyi 61, 88 - solymarensis 112 - SP 51, 109 Rhodeus sericeus amarus 66 Riparia rupestris 136 Rupicapra rupicapra 130, 133,134, 145, 152, 153 157 - _ sp 110, 139 Rutilus ruiilus 82, 144 Salamandra sp 20, 64, 160 Scardinius erythropthalmus 66 Sciurus - SP.21, 65 - vulgaris 109, 125, 129, 134, 160 - whitei hungaricus 74 Scolopax rusticola 150, 155 Sicista - berulina (cf.) 93, 109, 123, 129, 137 - _ (group) 94, 95 - loriner see S subtilis - praeloriger 30, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 61, 65, 76, 82, 87, 88 - sp 89, 96; 97, 160, 164 - subtifis (cf.) 107, 108, 117-119, 125, 129, 132, 135, 157 - _ ssp simplex 112 207 Silurus glanis 127 Smithozapus janossyi 26 Sorex - araneus 117, 118,123,125,128, 131, 132, 135, 142, 145, 151, 156, 160 - _ (group) 35, 83, 108, 112, 137 _ _ macrognathus 93-96, 109 - margaritodon, see Drepanosorex -minutus 30, 32, 37, 51, 56, 58, 60, 61, 64,67, 74, 82, 93-98, 108, 109, 123, 125, 128, 131, 156, 160, 164 - uraeminutus 35 - runtonensis29, 30, 32, 37, 48, 49, 51-53, 56, 58, 60 61 89 _ _ (aff.) 64 - solymarensis 112 - subaraneus 67, 74, 82, 88, 96-98 Soriculus gibberodon, see Episoricrrlus Spalax - advenus 50, 59-61 - hungaricus, see S leucodon - leucodon (cf.) 106, 109, 116-118, 123, 125, 129, 132, 134, 142, 148 - mehelyanus 112 Spondylophrys villanyensis 57 Stephanorhinus, see Dicerorhinus Sterna hirundo 151 Strix - intermedia 74 - uralensis 155 Sturnus vulgaris 128, 144, 151 Suncus, see Petenyiella Surnia - robusta 26, 32, 56 - ulula 128, 144, 151, 155 sus - minor 40 -scrofa 107, 121, 124, 129, 132, 139, 143, 145, 148, 161 - SP 38 - strozzii 36 Syrrhaptes paradoxus 151 Talpa csarnotana 21 - eirropaea 106, 108, 109, 117, 118, 121, 123, 124, 128, 131, 132, 142, 145, 147, 151, 156, 157, 160, 164 _ - ,(Cf.) 93-96, 112 - fossilis 28, 32, 35, 37, 49, 51-53, 56, 58, 60, 61, 64, 66, 67, 74, 82, 87-89, 98 _ _ , (cf.) 21 - minor 32, 53, 60, 61, 64, 74, 82 - sp 26, 30, 44, 64 Tapirus arvernensis 40 Testudo - cf graeca 118, 121, 123 - lambrechti 20, 32 - sp 44, 58, 66, 87, 88, 105 - suttoensis 38 Tetrao - conjugens 25 - macropus 20 - 208 Tetra0 - praeurogallus 74 - urogallus 127, 145, 150, 155, 157, 160 _ _ ,(cf.) 93 Tetrastes - bonasia 127, 136, 160, 161 - praebonasia 74 Thos s p 134 Tinca tinca 66 Tragospira pannonica, (cf.) 30, 34, 45 Trilophomys srhaubi, (cf.) 36 Triturus sp 20, 64 Trogont herium - boisvilleti 44 - schmerlingi 66, 68, 74, 82, 84, 88, 89 ~- 56 sP Turdus - iliacus 144 - merula, (cf.) 74 philomelos 121, 151, 156 - pilaris 121, 144, 151, 155, 160 - torquatiis group 128 ~viscivorus 144, 151, 156 Ungaromys sp 50 Urodela 51, 74, 127, 132 Ursulus, see Ursus stehlini Ursus ~arctos 110, 124, 125, 128, 130-132, 134, 137, 140, 145, 148 - arvernensis 44 -~ cf minimus 26, 48 - deningeri65, 68, 76, 83, 94, 95, 98, 99 ~etruscus 40, 44, 50 INDEX OF VERTEBRATE TAXA Ursus - fossilis, see U.arctos - gombaszoegensis (cf.) 33, 37, 54, 86 - (s 1.) SP 21, 29, 84, 112, 161 - spelueus 110,125,128,130-134,137,140,142, 145, 148, 151-153, 156, 157 - stehlini 33, 65, 83, 86 Vanellus vanellus 150 Varanus deserticohs 20 Vespertilio - majori 33 - murinus (cf.) 131 - SP 99, 109 Villanyia, see Mimomys exilis Vormela petenyii 33, 38 Vulpes - lagopus 128, 137, 139, 152, 154, 156 - praecorsac 33, 54 - praeglacialis 29, 33, 48, 54 - (s 1.) sP 26, 36, 37, 44, 56, 89, 97, 112 - vulpes (?) 33 - vulpes (aff.) 54, 83, 110 - -, (cf.) 107, 128, 133, 134, 137, 140, 142, 145, 148, 152, 156, 157, 161 Xenalopex remenyii 44 Xenictis - cf nesiii45 - see Pannonictis Xenocyon sp 83 Zamensis jugularis caspius 32 Zyglophodon borsoni 19, 45 ... CONTENTS A REVIEW OF THE PLEISTOCENE VERTEBRATE FAUNAS OF HUNGARY 168 Fauna and climate Chronologyof thePleistoceneof Hungary based onvertebrate faunas ... SEDIMENTARY ROCKS OF THE PLEISTOCENE OF HUNGARY Before considering in detail the vertebrate faunas of the Pleistocene of Hungary, the sedimentary rocks which have provided vertebrate finds are... series of gravel pits dug among houses at the southern end of the village of KislBng Below a thin layer of soil, there is a 1-2 m 44 PLEISTOCENE VERTEBRATE FAUNAS OF HUNGARY thick Upper Pleistocene