C Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved. Using SQL*Plus C-2 Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved. Objectives After completing this appendix, you should be able to After completing this appendix, you should be able to do the following: do the following: • Log in to SQL*Plus Log in to SQL*Plus • Edit SQL commands Edit SQL commands • Format output using SQL*Plus commands Format output using SQL*Plus commands • Interact with script files Interact with script files C-3 Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved. SQL and SQL*Plus Interaction SQL*Plus SQL*Plus Buffer Buffer Server SQL statements Query results SQL scripts C-4 Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved. SQL Statements versus SQL*Plus Commands SQL SQL statements statements SQL SQL • A language A language • ANSI standard ANSI standard • Keywords cannot be Keywords cannot be abbreviated abbreviated • Statements manipulate Statements manipulate data and table data and table definitions in the definitions in the database database SQL*Plus SQL*Plus • An environment An environment • Oracle proprietary Oracle proprietary • Keywords can be Keywords can be abbreviated abbreviated • Commands do not Commands do not allow manipulation of allow manipulation of values in the database values in the database SQL SQL buffer buffer SQL*Plus SQL*Plus commands commands SQL*Plus SQL*Plus buffer buffer C-5 Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved. • Log in to SQL*Plus. Log in to SQL*Plus. • Describe the table structure. Describe the table structure. • Edit your SQL statement. Edit your SQL statement. • Execute SQL from SQL*Plus. Execute SQL from SQL*Plus. • Save SQL statements to files and append SQL Save SQL statements to files and append SQL statements to files. statements to files. • Execute saved files. Execute saved files. • Load commands from file to buffer Load commands from file to buffer to edit. to edit. Overview of SQL*Plus C-6 Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved. Logging In to SQL*Plus • From a Windows environment: From a Windows environment: • From a command line: From a command line: sqlplus [ sqlplus [ username username [/ [/ password password [@ [@ database database ]]] ]]] C-7 Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved. Displaying Table Structure Use the SQL*Plus Use the SQL*Plus DESCRIBE DESCRIBE command to display the command to display the structure of a table. structure of a table. DESC[RIBE] tablename C-8 Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved. Name Null? Type DEPARTMENT_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(4) DEPARTMENT_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30) MANAGER_ID NUMBER(6) LOCATION_ID NUMBER(4) Displaying Table Structure SQL> DESCRIBE departments C-9 Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved. SQL*Plus Editing Commands • A[PPEND] A[PPEND] text text • C[HANGE] / C[HANGE] / old old / / new new • C[HANGE] / C[HANGE] / text text / / • CL[EAR] BUFF[ER] CL[EAR] BUFF[ER] • DEL DEL • DEL DEL n n • DEL DEL m n m n C-10 Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved. SQL*Plus Editing Commands • I[NPUT] I[NPUT] • I[NPUT] I[NPUT] text text • L[IST] L[IST] • L[IST] L[IST] n n • L[IST] L[IST] m n m n • R[UN] R[UN] • n n • n text n text • 0 0 text text [...].. .Using LIST, n, and APPEND SQL> LIST 1 SELECT last_name 2* FROM employees SQL> 1 1* SELECT last_name SQL> A , job_id 1* SELECT last_name, job_id SQL> L 1 SELECT last_name, job_id 2* FROM employees C-11 Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2001 All rights reserved Using the CHANGE Command SQL> L 1* SELECT * from employees SQL> c/employees/departments... departments SQL> L 1* SELECT * from departments C-12 Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2001 All rights reserved SQL*Plus File Commands • • • • • • • C-13 SAVE filename GET filename START filename @ filename EDIT filename SPOOL filename EXIT Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2001 All rights reserved Using the SAVE and START Commands SQL> 1 2* SQL> L SELECT last_name, manager_id, department_id FROM employees... my_query SQL> START my_query LAST_NAME MANAGER_ID DEPARTMENT_ID - King 90 Kochhar 100 90 20 rows selected C-14 Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2001 All rights reserved Summary Use SQL*Plus as an environment to: • • • • C-15 Execute SQL statements Edit SQL statements Format output Interact with script files Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2001 All rights reserved . • Log in to SQL*Plus Log in to SQL*Plus • Edit SQL commands Edit SQL commands • Format output using SQL*Plus commands Format output using SQL*Plus commands • Interact. database SQL SQL buffer buffer SQL*Plus SQL*Plus commands commands SQL*Plus SQL*Plus buffer buffer C-5 Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved. • Log in to SQL*Plus. Log