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Wikipedia: The Missing Manual
John Broughton
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Wikipedia: The Missing Manual
by John Broughton
Copyright © 2008 O’Reilly Media. All rights reserved.
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Copy Editor: Sohaila Abdulali and Jill Steinberg
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Indexer: Dawn Frausto
Cover Designer: David Freedman
Illustrators: Robert Romano and Jessamyn Read
Printing History:
January 2008: First Edition
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Table of Contents
The Missing Credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Part I. Editing, Creating, and Maintaining Articles
1. Editing for the First Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The Wikipedia Way of Editing 3
Practicing in the Sandbox 4
Starting, Previewing, and Saving Your Edit 5
Dealing with an Edit Conflict 11
Wiki Markup: From Edit Box to Screen 14
Editing Article Sections 18
Editing the Lead Section 20
Editing for Real 21
2. Documenting Your Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Documentation Guidelines 25
Adding an External Link 30
Citing Sources 31
Creating Footnotes 33
Advanced Citation Techniques 40
3. Setting Up Your Account and Personal Workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Why Register? 45
Picking a User Name 48
Registering 50
Setting Up Your User Page 53
Personal Subpages 56
v
4. Creating a New Article . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
What Makes a Good Article 62
What Articles Don’t Belong on Wikipedia 67
Tutorial: Creating a New Article 69
Ideas for New Articles 78
Resources for Writing Articles 78
5. Who Did What: Page Histories and Reverting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Understanding Page Histories 81
Reverting Edits 90
Advanced Techniques 96
6. Monitoring Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
The User Contributions Page 99
Wikipedia’s Standard Watchlist 101
Multiple Watchlists 115
Real-Time Monitoring Alternatives 117
7. Dealing with Vandalism and Spam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Lines of Defense 122
Reverting Vandalism and Spam 122
Issuing Warnings 130
Requesting Assistance of Administrators 133
Don’t Get into a Revert War 138
Part II. Collaborating with Other Editors
8. Communicating with Your Fellow Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Identifying Yourself 143
Article Talk (Discussion) Pages 145
User Talk Page Postings 156
Communicating via Email and IRC 162
9. WikiProjects and Other Group Efforts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
WikiProjects 165
Collaborations 175
Less Formal Working Groups 177
10. Resolving Content Disputes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Why Editors Disagree 179
Avoiding Content Disputes 181
vi | Table of Contents
Reviewing Content Changes: A General Plan of Action 184
Resolving Content Disputes Informally 188
Resolving Disputes with Assistance 191
11. Handling Incivility and Personal Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Enforcing Norms of Conduct 195
Dealing with Incivility and Personal Attacks 200
When You Get Irritated (or Worse) 210
12. Lending Other Editors a Hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Answering Questions 213
Showing Appreciation for Other Editors 218
Reviewing Articles and Images 219
Coaching Other Editors 223
Helping Resolve Disputes 223
For Experienced Editors 227
Choosing Where You Want to Help 228
Part III. Formatting and Illustrating Articles
13. Article Sections and Tables of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Getting Sections Right 233
Getting Headings Right 242
Improving the Table of Contents 245
14. Creating Lists and Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Creating and Editing Lists 253
Editing and Creating Tables 262
15. Adding Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Uploading Images 271
Finding Images 284
Placing an Image in an Article 284
Questions or Problems with Images 287
Uploading a Non-free Image 288
Part IV. Building a Stronger Encyclopedia
16. Getting Readers to the Right Article: Naming, Redirects, and Disambiguation . . . 295
Naming and Renaming 295
For Old Names and Bad Spellers: Redirects 303
Table of Contents | vii
For Multiple Meanings: Disambiguation 313
17. Categorizing Articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Fundamentals of Categorization 323
Category Links in Articles 324
Category Pages 331
Building Out Categories 335
Discussing Categories 336
Categories, Lists, and Series Boxes 336
18. Better Articles: A Systematic Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Avoid Surprises 339
Don’t Suppress or Separate Controversy 342
Reorganize and Edit Existing Content 343
Don’t Take Article Scope as a Given 346
Improve the Citation of Sources 348
Build the Web 351
Look for Guidance and Examples 352
Add Sourced Content 353
Remove Cruft and Duplication 355
Get the Wording Right 356
Make the Article Look Appealing 357
19. Deleting Existing Articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Responding to Problem Articles 359
Alternatives to Deletion 362
Three Ways to Delete an Article 363
After an Article is Deleted 379
Part V. Customizing Wikipedia
20. Customizing with Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
User Profile 383
Skin 388
Math 390
Files 391
Date and Time 391
Editing 393
Recent Changes 395
Watchlist 395
Search 396
Misc 397
viii | Table of Contents
Gadgets 399
21. Easier Editing with JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Setting Up Your Browser 401
Adding and Deleting Scripts 402
Fixing Problems 409
Resources 410
Part VI. Appendixes
A. A Tour of the Wikipedia Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
B. Reader’s Guide to Wikipedia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
C. Learning More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
Table of Contents | ix
The Missing Credits
About the Author
John Broughton John Broughton has been a registered editor at Wi-
kipedia since August 2005, with more than 15,000 edits by the time
he wrote this book. His biggest Wikipedia endeavor has been the Ed-
itor’s index to Wikipedia (just type that in the “search” box at the left
of any Wikipedia page). This index lists every important reference page
on Wikipedia, as well as hundreds of off-Wikipedia Web pages with
useful information and tools for Wikipedia editors.
John’s first experience with programming computers was in a 1969 National Science
Foundation program. Since then, he’s held various computer-related management po-
sitions in the headquarters of a U.S. Army Reserve division, worked in internal audit
departments as a Certified Information Systems Auditor, and was the Campus Y2K
Coordinator at U.C. Berkeley.
A Certified Management Accountant, John has B.S. in Mathematical Sciences from
Johns Hopkins University; an M.B.A. from Golden Gate University; an M.S. in Edu-
cation from the University of Southern California; and a Masters in Public Policy from
the University of California at Berkeley.
About the Creative Team
Nan Barber (editor) has worked with the Missing Manual series since its inception.
She lives in Massachusetts with her husband and G4 Macintosh. Email:
nanbarber@oreilly.com.
Dawn Frausto (editor) is assistant editor for the Missing Manual series. When not
working, she rock climbs, plays soccer, and causes trouble. Email: dawn@oreilly.com.
Nellie McKesson (production editor) is a graduate of St. John's College in Santa Fe,
New Mexico. She currently lives in Cambridge, MA, where her favorite places to eat
are Punjabi Dhaba and Tacos Lupita. Email: nellie@oreilly.com.
xi
Sohaila Abdulali (copy editor) is a freelance writer and editor. She has published a
novel, several children's books, and numerous short stories and articles. She recently
finished an ethnography of an aboriginal Indian woman. She lives in New York City
with her husband Tom and their small but larger-than-life daughter, Samara. She can
be reached through her Web site at http://www.sohailaink.com.
Jill Steinberg (copy editor) is a freelance writer and editor based in Seattle, and has
produced content for O'Reilly, Intel, Microsoft, and the University of Washington.
When she's not working with words, Jill takes Italian classes, practices opera singing,
and helps create urban parks. Email: saysjill@mac.com.
Daniel Mocsny (tech reviewer) discovered Wikipedia editing in April, 2006. He edits
as an ordinary user, and as of late 2007 had the second-highest edit count on the Wi-
kipedia Help desk. In addition, he is an administrator on two other public wikis and
three corporate wikis, with a real-life involvement in software development, docu-
menting, and technical support. You can contact Daniel via his Wikipedia user talk
page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Teratornis.
Godmund Schick (technical reviewer) is an avid coffee drinker who periodically
spends time baking, quilting, running, reading, and experiencing new things. Email:
godmschick@gmail.com.
Acknowledgements
This book would not have been possible without the encouragement, support, and
assistance of my wife Joan. I want to thank Pete Meyers, who responded so positively
to my proposal for the book; Nan Barber, my editor, whose help and patience made
the writing process much easier and the words in this book so much better; and the
technical reviewers, Daniel Mocsny and Godmund Schick, whose comments on the
first draft I found invaluable.
—John Broughton
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Xem thêm: Tài liệu Wikipedia: The Missing Manual pdf, Tài liệu Wikipedia: The Missing Manual pdf, Chapter 1. Editing for the First Time, Chapter 3. Setting Up Your Account and Personal Workspace, Chapter 4. Creating a New Article, Chapter 5. Who Did What: Page Histories and Reverting, Chapter 7. Dealing with Vandalism and Spam, Chapter 8. Communicating with Your Fellow Editors, Chapter 9. WikiProjects and Other Group Efforts, Chapter 11. Handling Incivility and Personal Attacks, Chapter 12. Lending Other Editors a Hand, Chapter 13. Article Sections and Tables of Contents, Chapter 14. Creating Lists and Tables, Chapter 16. Getting Readers to the Right Article: Naming, Redirects, and Disambiguation, Chapter 18. Better Articles: A Systematic Approach, Chapter 21. Easier Editing with JavaScript, Appendix A. A Tour of the Wikipedia Page, Appendix B. Reader’s Guide to Wikipedia