... the goals of wildliferesearch often value the welfare or needs of populations, communities or ecosys-tems over the welfare of individual animals (CCAC 2008). Nonetheless, thewelfare of individual ... acombination of types. The overall effectiveness of the stress response—adaptation,distress, or death—is affected by the number, intensity, and duration of stressors.OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, ... are seldom used because of their short duration of effect.4In parentheses is number of species for which drug use is reported in scientific literature.OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 17/12/2011,...