... corresponding to tau of 1 s, 10 s,…, 100,000 s. Finally, those stabilities are compared to clock noise characteristics to value the clock performance. One of the results of three-corner hat processing ... ττ)()()(ˆtYtxtxiii+=+ (8) L.V. Ninh et al. / VNU Journal of Science, Mathematics - Physics 25 (2009) 10 7-1 16 112 The best estimate of the time offset of each clock j at time ()tτ+ given the measurements ... the value of ()TAt in Equation (17): '()()()()sAsadjAXtxtytytT−=− (19) In actual operation, we adjust the frequency whenever necessary using the UTC-UTC(VMI) time-difference...