... (1: a) and (2: b).
The encoder outputs
1 (a) , 2 (b), 3 (ab), 5 (aba), 4 (ba), 7 (bab), 6 (abab), 9 (ababa), 8 (baba),
and adds the new entries (3: ab), (4: ba), (5: aba), (6: abab), (7: bab), ... initialized to the fourth a. Continuing this process
is straightforward.
The result is that strings aa, aaa, aaaa, are added to the dictionary as entries
256, 257, 258, , and the output is
97...
... came.
—Tom Clancy, Clear and Present Danger
Chapter Summary
Images are an important type of digital multimedia data. Images are popular, they are
easy to create (by a digital camera, scanning a document, ... the matrix approach to the Haar transform to introduce the
reader to the idea of filter banks. We show how the Haar transform can be interpreted as
a bank of two filters, a...
... pixels
may appear many times, and in an audio file, a string of audio samples may also appear
repeatedly. A dictionary-based method maintains a dictionary that contains bits and
pieces of the data. As ... next
example is even more convincing (and only somewhat contrived):
alfeastmaneasilyyells A| AAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAH
.
The encoder creates the token (1,9 ,A) , matching the first nine c...
... the
telephone) was given to Alexander Graham Bell.
Bain’s fax machine transmitter scanned a flat, electrically conductive metal surface
with a stylus mounted on a pendulum that was powered by an electromagnet. ... encoder transmits the compressed data, as it is being generated, over a network. In
such a case, a code with large variance causes the encoder to generate bits at a...
... case of many
grayscales) or three components (in the case of a color image). A continuous-tone image
is normally a natural image (natural as opposed to artificial) and is obtained by taking a
photograph ... tree after the swap. Notice how the left-subtree counts have been updated.
a
8
a
2
a
3
a
9
a
1
a
10
a
5
a
4
a
7
a
6
(a) 1912121211 85221
4016821 00000
a
8...
... called the Haar measure, which allows an analog of
Lebesgue integrals to be defined on locally compact topological
groups. Mathematical lore has it that John von Neumann tried to
discourage Haar ... scientists, artists, or writers whose names are inextricably
associated with Canada. Similarly, no Canadian plays, stories, or traditional legends
are as well-known as the Shakespeare plays, Gr...
... is called
digitally sampled analog data (DSAD). (See also Scalar Quantization.)
Voronoi Diagrams. Imagine a petri dish ready for growing bacteria. Four bacteria of
different types are simultaneously ... In practice, vector quantization
is commonly used to compress data that has been digitized from an analog source, such
as sampled sound and scanned images (drawings or photographs). Suc...
... goals, relational data marts and OLAP
cubes differ greatly in data storage, data content, data sources, data retrieval,
and business analysis capabilities.
Data Storage
Relational data marts ...
Summarized Data
Detailed and
Summarized Data
Summarized Data
Summarized Data
Data Sources
Data Sources
Relational and
Non-relational Sources
Relational and
Non-relationa...
... the training data.
The training data is a statistically representative subset of historical data where
the attributes to be predicted are known. The training data must contain the case
data element, ... build a data mining model
with OLAP data.
Lead-in
These are a variety of steps
involved in building a data
mining model with OLAP
data.
iv Module 17: Introduc...