... Vietnamese personal pronouns, two stand out as most characteristic, being, one, the pronouns are related to kinship terms or social deference address system, and two, the first personal pronouns ... Mandarin, Vietnamese second personal pronouns traditionally do not have general terms like Ni / Nimen (you), devoid of kinship or social ranking. The way personal pronouns, particularly the ... kinship or social standing address underlying personal pronouns is compensated through consistent adherence to a formula in creating personal pronouns in the plural, whereby a singular pronoun...