... this context. There are hardly any clinical, counseling, or personnel decisions made by either formal or informal procedures that informed persons claim to be absolutely certain. (To find any ... almost always equal or superior in accuracy to the informal, impressionistic, clinical method of data combination? Space does not permit more than a summary statement here; for more extensive treatment ... discriminant function or a multiple regression equation. An actuarial table with proportions is, of course, a formal objective procedure for combining encoded data. Formal does not mean numerical,...