... need attention, according to Li, are related to educational values and attitudes, reading, oral skills, grammar, students& apos; attitudes, teachers' attitudes, pre-service teacher education, ... hearer; making a choice from his repertoire of language of what to say and how to say it; and evaluating feedback from what he has done.Information gap in a communicative activity means that one ... patterns of the language they are learning. Strategic competence relates to the learner's ability to master verbal and non-verbal communication strategies. Canale explains that such strategies...