... Literature review To provide a theoretical background to the study, this chapter is devoted to the reexamination of the concepts most relevant to the thesis’s topic. Firstly, an account of the theory ... and their spoken forms. As students listen, they usually apply the skills, the same uses in listening in their mother tongue, predict what they will hear and try to match them with the things they ... consider the factors which Underwood (1989) mentions: The time, the material is available or not, the interest of the class and the teacher, the place in which the work is being carried out, the nature...