Energy for life and growth 2

... at one end A person at the other end hears two sounds as a result of the propagation of two longitudinal waves, one that traveled through the rod and the other that traveled through the air at ... at constant pressure to the heat capacity at constant volume (a) Show that Bad = γ P for an ideal gas (b) Show that the speed of a longitudinal wave √ in the adiabatic process of an ideal gas ... sinusoidal wave and has the same frequency f and wavelength λ as any one of the contributing waves y1 and y2 , (2) It has an amplitude of 2A cos(φ /2) , (3) It has a phase of φ /2 Now, let us consider...

... diffraction, and polarization of light and need to get satisfactory descriptions of these phenomena, we treat light as waves Such a study is referred to as physical optics H A Radi and J O Rasmussen, ... position of the nodes and antinodes (c) What is the maximum amplitude of an element at an antinode? (9) The two sources shown in the evacuated vessel of Fig 16 .22 , are 1 .2 m apart, and send sound ... wall at this end does not allow longitudinal motion of the air and acts like a pressure antinode (point of maximum pressure variation) The open end of a pipe acts like the end of a string that...

... sin[ (A + δm ) /2] sin (A/ 2) −−−−−−−−−−→ When A is small n= A + δm A (17. 12) The most charming example of color dispersion is that of a rainbow To understand the formation of a rainbow we consider a ... An anti-shoplifter convex spherical mirror has a radius of curvature of 0.4 m Locate and describe the image formed by a man standing 3.8 m away from the mirror Solution: The focal length of a ... at a real focal point after reflecting from a concave mirror (b) The same rays will diverge from a convex mirror and appear to come from a virtual focal point When parallel rays reach the surface...

... in air falls on water at an angle of incidence of 45◦ and then passes through a glass block before it emerges out to air again The surfaces of water and glass are parallel and their indexes of ... the air-alcohol boundary at an angle of incidence of 60◦ ? (6) A beam of light in air falls on a liquid surface at an angle of incidence of 55◦ The liquid has an unknown index of refraction (a) ... Eq 18 .23 Part (a) of Fig 18. 12 displays the variation of I as a function of δ /2 Part (b) is a representation of the obtained photograph 18.4 Diffraction of Light Waves 619 Fig 18. 12 (a) A sketch...

... defined as the direction of polarization of the wave However, an ordinary beam of light contains a large number of electromagnetic waves emitted by atoms having random vibrational orientations, → and ... the Coulomb constant Coulomb found that each charged particle (also called a point charge) exerts a force of this magnitude on the other particle, and the two forces form an action–reaction pair ... materials nonconductors or insulators Spotlight Insulators are materials that contain electrons that are bound to their atoms and cannot move freely through the material Semiconductors are materials...

... Gravitational attraction A classical model of the hydrogen atom Solution: (a) From Coulomb’s law, the magnitude of the electrostatic force of → attraction Fe between the electron and the proton ... 20 Electric Fields When x a we can take out a factor of x from each denominator of the brackets of the last formula for x > +a and then expand each of these terms by binomial expansion Therefore, ... equal point charges of magnitude q lie on a semicircle of radius R as √ shown in Fig 19 .21 Show that the net force on q2 has a magnitude kq2 / 2R2 and points downward away from the center C of...