... behind Instead of deleting messages on transmission, CHARON retains them in a special state that does not allow further forwarding, except in the case that the node meets a sink Messages in this ... S Roy, S Jain, and W Brunette, Data MULEs: modeling and analysis of a three-tier architecture for sparse sensor networks,” in Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International Workshop on Sensor Network ... “CHARON: routing in lowdensity opportunistic wireless sensor networks,” in Proceedings of the 2nd IFIP Wireless Days (WD ’09), Paris, France, 2009 19 [7] A Vahdat and D Becker, “Epidemic routing for...