... an investigation into errors in using present and past participles as adjectives made by ethnic minority students Your assistance in completing items is very important to my research You can ... -ing adjectives for inanimate nouns and -ed for animate ones 3.1.2 Causes of errors in using -ing and -ed adjectives According to the literature and the process of analyzing errors committed by ... meaning 30% 40% Passive meaning 70% 60% Table 7a Active meaning or passive meaning Moreover, to further examine the students understanding in distinction between the active and passive meaning...