... (Bhattacharya and Venkobachar, 1984; Panday and Singh, 1985; Yadava et al., 1987) for a limited number of metals The alternative mechanism for heavy metal removal by red muds and fly ashes (either ... of metallurgical solid wastes as cost-effective sorbents in heavy metal removal from contaminated water, red muds and especially fly ashes have been shown to exhibit a high capacity for heavy metals ... role in heavy metal ions removal (Apak and Unseren, 1987) The aim of the present study is to develop costeffective unconventional sorbents, preferably metallurgical waste solids, for heavy metal...