... well as theeffectiveness of any drains if present. Techniques of seepage analysis applicable to sheet pile wall designinclude flow nets, line of creep method, and method of fragments. These simplified ... resultant of the surcharge acting onthe top surface of the failure wedge is included in theequilibrium of the wedge. If the soil system admits toapplication of the coefficient method, the effects of surcharges, ... method. Upward seepage in front of the sheet pile wall tends to reduce the effective weight of the soil,thus reducing its ability to offer lateral support. Inprevious material the effects of...