... a clear tradeoff betweenfault tolerance and performance, and parallel databases tend tochoose the performance extreme of these tradeoffs. For example,frequent check-pointing of completed sub-tasks ... the higher performance of all queries that process this data. For certain tasks, such as the Jointask, the factor of 10 load cost is immediately translated into afactor of 10 performance benefit.7. ... the small aggregation query). This order of magnitude of performance could be translated to the same performance asHadoop and HadoopDB, but using an order of magnitude fewernodes. Hence, failures...