Life cycle cost design of concrete structures

Life cycle assessment (LCA) of an energy recovery plant in the olive oil industries

... extraction of oil contained in dry pomace Before the extraction process, the process of distillation of the pomace oil separates the hexane from the oil and allows the sale of the pomace oil in the ... 152/06 The virgin pomace is produced in the plant near the site of energy plant, so that the impact of the transport is zero With the extraction process of virgin pomace, the products are: • olive- pomace ... take into account the phases of treatment and processing of fuel burned into the energy plant (see Figure 2) Figure Scheme of the energy plant under analysis The system boundary is defined knowing...

Design of concrete structures arthur h nilson

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Unified theory of concrete structures thomas hsu

... Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hsu, Thomas T C (Thomas Tseng Chuang), 1933Unified theory of concrete structures / Thomas T C Hsu and Y L Mo p cm Includes index ISBN 978-0-470-68874-8 (cloth) Reinforced concrete construction ... JWBK431 /Hsu April 1, 2010 Printer Name: Yet to Come Unified Theory of Concrete Structures Table 1.1 Unified theory of reinforced concrete structures 14:8 P1: OTA/XYZ P2: ABC c01 JWBK431 /Hsu April ... P1: OTE/OTE/SPH P2: OTE FM JWBK431 /Hsu April 1, 2010 14:52 Printer Name: Yet to Come UNIFIED THEORY OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES Thomas T C Hsu and Y L Mo University of Houston, USA A John Wiley and...

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DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUCTURES Part 1 ppt

... masonry columns, using ENV 19 96 1 1 11 Prestressed masonry 11 .1 Introduction 11 .2 Methods of prestressing 11 .3 Basic theory 11 .4 A general flexural theory 11 .5 Shear stress 11 .6 Deflections 11 .7 ... safety factors 12 .4 Calculation of vertical loading on walls 12 .5 Wind loading 12 .6 Design load 12 .7 Design calculation according to EC6 Part 1 1 (ENV 19 96 1: 1995) 12 .8 Design of panel for lateral ... masonry 10 .1 Introduction 10 .2 Flexural strength 10 .3 Shear strength of reinforced masonry 10 .4 Deflection of reinforced masonry beams 10 .5 Reinforced masonry columns, using BS 5628: Part 10 .6 Reinforced...

DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUCTURES Part 2 pptx

... situations 20 04 Taylor & Francis Table 2. 7 (Contd) 20 04 Taylor & Francis 20 04 Taylor & Francis Table 2. 7 (Contd) 20 04 Taylor & Francis 20 04 Taylor & Francis Table 2. 7 (Contd) 20 04 Taylor ... Francis 20 04 Taylor & Francis Table 2. 7 (Contd) 20 04 Taylor & Francis 20 04 Taylor & Francis Table 2. 7 (Contd) 20 04 Taylor & Francis 20 04 Taylor & Francis Table 2. 8 Chloride content of mixes ... of importance in determining the compressive strength of masonry Table 3.1 Factors affecting masonry strength 20 04 Taylor & Francis 3 .2. 2 Unit/mortar /masonry strength relationship A number of...

DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUCTURES Part 3 pdf

... given by equation (3. 3) Fig 3. 5 Typical stress-strain curve for brick masonry ©2004 Taylor & Francis 3. 6 EFFECTS OF WORKMANSHIP ON MASONRY STRENGTH Masonry has a very long tradition of building by ... of various kinds are also given 4 .3. 3 Section 3: design objectives As in Part 1, this section sets out the basis of design in limit state terms, including values for characteristic strength of ... of the basis of design and actions on structures EC6 Part 1–1 is laid out in the following six sections: • • • • • • Section General Section Basis of design Section Materials Section Design of...

DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUCTURES Part 4 ppsx

... difficult to apply them in particular cases in the absence of test results for the materials being used 4. 4 .4 Section 4: design of masonry (a) General stability Initial provisions of this section call ... characteristic shear strength of the masonry, t is the thickness of the masonry and lc is the compressed length of the wall (ignoring any part in tension) Distribution of shear forces amongst interconnected ... practice, the design of loadbearing walls and columns reduces to the determination of the value of the characteristic compressive strength of the masonry (fk) and the thickness of the unit required...

DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUCTURES Part 5 potx

... ␥f(LL)=1 .5 Design vertical loading (Fig 5. 16) Loading from above (W1)=1. 35 1 05+ 1 .5 19=170.25kN/m Load from left (W2) dead load only=1. 35 4.1 =5. 535kN/m imposed load =5. 5 35+ 1 .5 2.2=8.835kN/m Load ... above=1. 35 21.1+1 .5 2.2=31.785kN/m Self-weight of wall=1. 35 17=22.95kN/m Total vertical design load W1 =54 .735kN/m Load from slab W2=1. 35 4.1+1 .5 2.2=8.8 35 kN/m Eccentricity Equation (5. 8) can be rewritten: ... c/I w=1, h=2 650 mm and the clear span L 3=2797 .5 mm Taking e hi =0 and e a= h ef / 450 =1.988/ 450 =0.004m equation (5. 4) becomes The design vertical stress at the junction is 207 .57 /102 .5 and since...

DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUCTURES Part 6 doc

... capable of carrying a triangular load of masonry in which the span of the beam represented the base of an equilateral triangle The method allowed for a proportion of the selfweight of the masonry ... Characteristic strength of panel=10N/mm2 Partial safety factor for masonry= 3.1 Section modulus for each column =60 0 cm3 Section modulus for each beam=800 cm3 Yield stress of steel=250N/mm2 Partial safety ... bending-moment coefficient of BS 562 8 or EC6 from the fracture-line analysis Although the fracture-line method has been suggested for accurate analysis, the designer may prefer to use the BS 562 8 coefficients...

DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUCTURES Part 7 docx

... characteristic strength of the masonry has limited influence on the design 10.2.5 Example Design a simply supported brickwork beam of span m and of section 215mm×365mm to carry a moment of 24kNm assuming ... reinforcement of masonry sections is limited ©2004 Taylor & Francis 10.3.2 Shear strength of rectangular section reinforced masonry beams The method of calculating the flexural strength of reinforced masonry ... Partial safety factor for shear As an illustration of the influence of shear strength on the design of rectangular section beams, it is possible to plot a ‘cut-off’ line on Figs 10.6 and 10.7...

DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUCTURES Part 8 pps

... the unit weight of masonry is 21kN/m3 Design the beam for serviceability condition (␥f=1) Solution (clause 29.1, BS 56 28: Part 2) (clause 29.2, BS 56 28: Part 2) Assume Mi is 30% of Md+L so (from ... four 10.9 mm diameter stabilized strands of characteristic strength of 1700 N/mm2 The area of steel provided is 288 mm2 The initial modulus of elasticity of the steel is 195 kN/mm2 and the stress-strain ... bonded From the point of view of durability, it is highly desirable to protect the tendon by grouting or by other means as mentioned in clause 32.2.6 of BS 56 28: Part For brick masonry, post-tensioning...

DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUCTURES Part 9 doc

... CfqAe×h/2=1.1×(12 69/ 103)×21×3×3/2=131.9kNm • 5th floor 1.1×(12 69/ 103)×21×6×3=527.6kNm • 4th floor (1.1×12 69 21/103) 9 9/ 2=1187.20kNm • 3rd floor 29. 313×(12×12/2)=2110.54kNm • 2nd floor 29. 313×(15×15/2)=3 297 .70kNm ... wind loading 12.7 DESIGN CALCULATION ACCORDING TO EC6 PART 1–1 (ENV 199 6–1: 199 5) To demonstrate the principle of design according to EC6, the wall A in the ground floor will be redesigned The dead ... Calculation of eccentricity Figure 12 .9 shows the worst combination of loading for obtaining the value of eccentricity Axial load ©2004 Taylor & Francis Fig 12 .9 Calculation of eccentricity of the...

DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUCTURES Part 10 pps

... +40°C Overall contraction of wall 30 10 10- 6×24 103 =7.2mm Overall expansion of wall 40 10 10- 6×24 103 =12.8mm The maximum movement at the top of the wall due to the sum of these effects is as follows: ... depth of the centroid of the reinforcement from the least comp ressed face (mm) modulus of elasticity of concrete (kN/mm2) modulus of elasticity of masonry (kN/mm2) modulus of elasticity of mortar ... Coefficient of thermal expansion, 10 10- 6 per °C Assumed temperature at construction, 10 C Minimum mean temperature of wall, -20°C Maximum mean temperature of wall, 50°C Range in service from 10 C, -10 C...

considerations for design of concrete structures subjected to fatigue loading

... microcracking as compared to fracture of concrete under incorporates the influence of range of loading For a zero static loading. 3,4 4Fatigue strength of concrete for a life of ten minimum stress ... guide for design for concrete structures subjected to fatigue loading However, this report does not contain the type of detailed design procedures sometimes found in guides Chapter presents information ... reinforcement in concrete structures However, the trend in concrete structures toward use of ultimate strength design procedures and higher yield strength reinforcement makes fatigue of reinforcing...

Life cycle cost design of concrete structures

... based Design 1.3 Service Life of Concrete Structures 1.4 Life Cycle Cost Based Design for Concrete Structures 1.5 Scope of Work 1.6 Objectives CHAPTER TWO – LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 2.2 2.3 Service Life ... magnitude of costs for any economic analysis 1.4 Life Cycle Cost Based Design for Concrete Structures From a structural design point of view, the major costs of significance pertain to the initial costs ... structural design, the economic implications of the overall lifetime costs can be effectively evaluated by the use of techniques such as life cycle costing 1.3 Service Life of Concrete Structures...

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