Thermal combustion and oxygen chemisorption of wood exposed to low temperature long term heating 5

... a ratio of 1:100 (see Figures 5. 5 and 5. 6.) Discs 12.7 mm diameter and mm thick (see Figures 5. 7 and 5. 8) were pressed in a vacuum KBr press (Perkin-Elmer) at 100,000 psi Figure 5. 5 Wood samples ... grinding the wood discs sliced from the wood blocks and sieved to the desired particle size of 200 to 300 μm The wood powders were stored at 50 %RH at 23°C in a desiccator These wood chars were ... chemisorption temperature to equilibrate and to establish the weight of the sample prior to chemisorption Chemisorption was initiated by valving air with a flow rate of 60 ml/min into the furnace...

Thermal combustion and oxygen chemisorption of wood exposed to low temperature long term heating 1

... during initial period of wood drying Model Model o Temperature ( C) 58 54 50 46 1. 00 1. 01 1.03 1. 04 1. 05 1. 06 1. 08 1. 09 1. 10 1. 12 Distance from centre (mm) (Graph taken from Zhang and Datta (2004), ... self -heating of wood chars 1. 3 Scope of work Taking into consideration of the above objectives, the focus of this thesis is on thermal combustion and oxygen chemisorption of preheated wood at low ... important to elucidate the kinetics of oxygen chemisorption in order to evaluate the autoignition potential of low temperature wood chars that have been pre -exposed to prolonged heating Thermal...

Thermal combustion and oxygen chemisorption of wood exposed to low temperature long term heating 2

... primary wood degradation mechanisms of such description is based on Shafizadeh and Chin (1977) work which expresses the decomposition as k1 WOOD → TAR (2. 22) k2 WOOD → GAS (2. 23) k3 WOOD → CHAR (2. 24) ... exp(− K / Ts ) pv , sat where K1 and (2. 8) K are constants which depend on the temperature range, and K1 4.143 ×1010 Pa and K = 4 822 K in the temperature range of 20 °C to 1000°C = The assumption that ... 1, 2, (2. 21) where Svj is the volatile part of component of j of wood; G ↑ denotes volatile gas produced; ∆H , E , A represent heat of pyrolysis, activation energy and pre-exponential factor...

Thermal combustion and oxygen chemisorption of wood exposed to low temperature long term heating 3

... and erratic velocity profile   S-curve temperature profile  COUPLED VELOCITY AND TEMPERATURE DEVELOPMENT IN SELF -HEATING Figure 3. 1: Salient features of porous models for low- temperature long- term ... a factor of has been applied onto the porosity of green wood to derive the porosity of preburn wood, since pre-burn wood in this study has a 50% degree of pre-burn Therefore, the pre-burn wood ... fraction of the medium According to a study by Usta (20 03) , the green wood has a porosity of 0.4; the porosity of preburn wood is determined by the degree of preburn When modelling preborn wood in...

Thermal combustion and oxygen chemisorption of wood exposed to low temperature long term heating 4

... λ s λ (4. 47) Substituting Equations (4. 46) and (4. 47) into Equation (4. 45) yields C1 as C1 = Substituting Equation (4. 48) and H =  ′′ qe (4. 48)  s  + h s k  λ  h into Equation (4. 46), then ... 10 644 6 24 640 640 636 6 24 708 652 628 6 64 External heat flux &e q′′ (kW m-2) 50a 40 a 30a 25a 20a 15b 11c 10c 9c 8c Time to ignition tig (hr:min:s) 0:0:26 0:0: 54 0:1 :48 0:5: 24 0:12 :44 0:53 :42 ... content ( M ) of green wood was found to be 13.86%, the three constants in Equation (4. 13) were taken to be A = 0.0018 64 , B = 0.1 941 and C = 0.0 040 64 according to Wood Handbook 107 Chapter 4: Spontaneous...

Thermal combustion and oxygen chemisorption of wood exposed to low temperature long term heating 6

... 6. 2 Heat and mass transfer in porous slab Self -heating and spontaneous combustion of wood was studied using wood cube of critical size exposed to low- temperature, long- term heating in an isothermal ... 25 20 15 11 10 26 54 108 324 764 3222 7990 7554 463 .01 465 .70 431. 06 4 36. 06 402. 16 367 .60 315. 26 298.38 266 .5 373.4 374.9 375.9 373.9 460 .5 345.4 342.4 287.4 250.1 370.7 (-957 .68 1) (903.9584) ... ′ Incident heat flux q e′ (kW/m ) Time to flaming ignition tig (hr:min:s) 64 4 50 62 4 40 64 0 30 64 0 25 63 6 20 62 4 15 708 11 65 2 10* 62 8 66 4 * Only one out of three samples tested at 10kW/m2 ignited...

Thermal combustion and oxygen chemisorption of wood exposed to low temperature long term heating 7

... the body of knowledge on thermal combustion and oxygen chemisorption of wood in the following areas: evaporation, liquid water transport, role of moisture in thermal combustion and oxygen chemisorption ... addition to thermophysical approach to examine self -heating and spontaneous combustion of low- temperature, long- term preheated wood, targeted to minimize unwanted fires arising from the wood structures ... structures and construction in historical and modern buildings The next section presents the conclusions and contribution of knowledge to the thermal combustion and propensity of preheated wood chars exposed...

Báo cáo y học: "Impaired nuclear import and viral incorporation of Vpr derived from a HIV long-term non-progressor" docx

... (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) through a pathway involving regulatory and catalytic subunits of PP 2A and acting on both Wee1 and Cdc25 Virology 2001, 287:359-370 Matsuda N, Tanaka H, Yamazaki S, Suzuki J-I, Tanaka ... loss of efficient nuclear accumulation identified as a late-stage LTNP trait, further analysis of late-stage clones A6 -3 and A6 -5 (clone A6 -5 data not shown as sequence is homologous to A6 -3) was ... although at levels significantly reduced compared to wildtype (Fig 1B) Sequence analysis revealed that all clones with reduced nuclear accumulation (VprA6-2 and VprA6-3/5) contained a phenylalanine...

Combustion and emission characteristics of a natural gas fueled diesel engine with EGR

... of engine parameters on performance and emissions of a pilot ignited natural gas diesel engine Energy 2010;35:1129–38 [11] Wannatong K, Akarapanyavit N, Siengsanorh S, Chanchaona S Combustion and ... A2 T þ A3 T þ A4 T þ Þ ð5Þ [16] Mbarawa M, Milton BE, Casey RT Experiments and modeling of natural gas Cp ¼ð where (A0 ), (A1 ), (A2 ), (A3 ), and (A4 ) are constants, and their values are [28]: A0 ... work aims at investigating the effect of utilization of partly-cooled EGR on the combustion process and exhaust emission characteristics of a pilot ignited natural gas diesel engine A comparative...

Báo cáo hóa học: " Weatherability and Leach Resistance of Wood Impregnated with Nano-Zinc Oxide" pot

... 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 days Leachates were analyzed for zinc with ICP-AES 250 ppm Zn 200 150 Results Chemical Leaching Figure shows the leach rate of three concentrations of nano-ZnO and 1% ZnSO4 ... E10-08 standard method for testing wood preservatives Specimen size varied for leaching and weathering tests according to American Wood Protection Association (AWPA) and American Standard for ... Chemical Leaching and expressed as ppm zinc for the average leach rate of the blocks per treatment concentration Leaching procedures were similar to AWPA E11-06 standard method [14] and are described...

Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: "Spatial and temporal diversity of wood decomposer communities in diﬀerent forest stands, determined by ITS rDNA targeted TGGE" potx

... al and giving a more realistic view of total diversity [1] The use of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) primers to amplify fungal ITS of rDNA was originally described by White et al [32] and ... noticeable shifts in the young beech and native forest stands At the beginning of the study, a speciﬁc fungal community was found in the beech stand while its structure in the native forest was similar ... single bands did not necessarily originate from one species and that one band could contain Wood decomposer diversity in forests diﬀerent sequences [20] We tried to sequence several bands at...

Báo cáo khoa học: "The last 10 years have witnessed considerable progress in molecular biology, trangenesis and genomics, and the assessment of wood and end-product properties" potx

...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Distribution and variations of potassium and calcium in different cross sections of Picea abies Karst needles and Fagus sylvatica (L) leaves exposed to ozone and mild water stress" docx

... spruce clones and calcium and potassium in beech only The interaction of drought and ozone had a significant effect on calcium levels in the Istebna clone and potassium levels in Gerardmer and beech ... interacting effects on shoot water relations New Phytol 116, 465-474 Fink S (1991 a) The micromorphological distribution of bound calcium in needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst) New Phytol ... decrease in both calcium and potassium The effect of ozone changes upon imposition of the drought stress In Istebna there is no longer an increase in Ca, but a decrease in response to increas-...

A study of semantic and syntactic features of idioms relating to fruits in english and vietnamese

... enable - Study semantic and syntactic features of proverbs relating to fruits in English and Vietnamese - Study pragmatic features of idioms relating to fruits in English and Vietnamese ... Summary CHAPTER FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 OVERVIEW 4.2 SEMANTIC AND SYNTACTIC FEATURES OF IDIOMS RELATING TO FRUITS (IsRTFs) IN ENGLISH AND IN VIETNAMESE After a collection and a detailed analysis, ... English and Vietnamese idioms relating to fruits 4.3.1 Similarities • Semantic Features Relating To Fruits in English and Vietnamese Idioms Relating To discover VIETNAMESE It can be seen clearly that...

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Joint Guidance on the Application of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) And the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) To Student Health Records docx

... the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) Privacy Rule, and to address apparent confusion on the part of ... the definition of “education records and are subject to all other FERPA requirements, including the right of the eligible student to inspect and review the records While the health records of ... instance, one of these exceptions allows schools to disclose a student s health and medical information and other “education records to teachers and other school officials, without written consent,...

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