... cost of sending and receiving emails.The workload consisted of opening the email applica-tion, downloading and reading 5 emails (one of whichincluded a 60 KiB image) and replying to 2 of them. ... within a metal box of 2 mm thickness.Over GPRS, this resulted in an increase of GSM power of 30 %, but no effect on throughput. The shielding resulted in a reported signal strength drop of 10 ... For interactive applications,such as web browsing, we took a trace-based approach.A trace consisted of a sequence of input events, in- cluding a time-stamp, the name of the device provid-ing...