... Slide 5Risk-driven specification Critical systems specification should be risk-driven. This approach has been widely used insafety and security -critical systems. The aim of the specification process ... identification Identify the risks faced by the critical system. In safety -critical systems, the risks are the hazardsthat can lead to accidents. In security -critical...
... Primary safety -critical systems Embedded software systems whose failure can cause theassociated hardware to fail and directly threaten people. Secondary safety -critical systems Systems whose ... in other systemswhich can threaten people Discussion here focuses on primary safety-criticalsystems• Secondary safety -critical systems can only be consideredon a one-off basisSafety cr...
... relatively small systems. Fault-free software means software whichconforms to its specification. It does NOT meansoftware which will always perform correctly asthere may be specification errors. ... same place;• Specification errors;• If there is an error in the specification then this is reflectedin all implementations;• This can be addressed to some extent by using multiplespecif...
... Slide 4Validation of critical systems The verification and validation costs for criticalsystems involves additional validation processesand analysis than for non -critical systems: • The costs ... the additional activities involved,the validation costs for critical systems areusually significantly higher than for non -critical systems. Normally, V & V costs take up more than5...
... IN
DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS: QUALITATIVE THEORY OF
CRITICAL DELAYS
ALEXANDER N. GORBAN
Abstract. This monograph presents a systematic analysis of the singularities
in the transition processes for dynamical systems. ... the generalization
of the Smale diagrams [68] defined for the Morse-Smale systems onto the whole
class of general dynamical systems. The interrelation of six principal kinds of...
... embedded systems than in desktop systems. Embedded systems often have power constraints. Embedded systems often must operate under extreme environmental conditions. Embedded systems have ... Embedded systems have far fewer system resources than desktop systems. Embedded systems often store all their object code in ROM. Embedded systems require specialized tools and m...
... precision ratio used as measures in evaluating information retrieval systems, such as document retrieval systems and data retrieval systems? Here, A, B and C indicate the following. A: The number ... suitable for batch systems than GUI-based interactive systems. b) Effectiveness can be increased by repeatedly remaking the prototype. c) It assumes there are frequent requirement specifi...
... 5,000111 Network Development 180 135 9,000 6,750112 Public Sector Systems Development 50 26 2,500 1,325113 Testing 80400 0114 Distribution Systems Development 333 149 16,650 7,492… … … … … … Fig. 2 ... according to his/her role (i.e., system engineer, database engineer or network engineer in the systems development department). The participation management system manages up to two role...
...
operations and systems of Company W are as follows.
[Basic matters of operations]
1. Handled products
Company W assigns a unique product code to each product it sells. Product
specifications ... to requirements concerning the two calendars managed by Company
October, 2005 VITEC
Database Systems Engineer
Examination (Afternoon, Part 2)
1. Examination Time-14:30-16:30 (120 m...