... which the latter often ignored. But in themselves
ignoring or slighting the long-run effects, they are making
the far more serious error. They overlook the woods in
their precise and minute examination ... trees.
Their methods and conclusions are often profoundly reac-
Part One
THE LESSON
3
II
13
i9
27
30
4i
56
63
.
68
7i
85
9i
ioo
107
u6
125
137
1 43
159
1 63...
... demand for
automobiles and other goods. The supply
of
motor cars
constitutes the demand of the people in the automobile in-
dustry for wheat and other goods. All this
is
inherent
in
the ... up. Then these temporarily
favored industries will, relatively, have to shrink again,
to
allow other industries filling other needs
to
grow.
It is important to keep in...
... jobs. The
real result of the machine is to increase ¶roàucûon, to
raise the standard of living, to increase economic welfare.
THE CURSE OF MACHINERY 43
the end of the nineteenth century the stocking ... saved in direct wages to for-
mer coat makers, he now has to pay out in indirect wages
to the makers of the new machine, or to the workers in an-
5¤ E...
... without
reducing the length of the working week. They could, in
other words, have worked the same number of hours and
got their total weekly incomes increased l·y one- third, in-
stead of merely getting, ... sweaters, and British consumers are better
provided with motor cars and washing machines.
3
Now let us look at the matter the other way round, and
see the eff...
... other hand,
of
late years they
have taken to putting more obstacles
in
the way
of
export-
ing gold than
in the
way
of
exporting anything else:
but
that
is
another story.)
Now
the
... this capital and
labor of liberty of choice. It forces investors to place their
money where the returns seem less promising to them than
in the X industry. It forces workers...
... increased
supply, then the driving out
of
the marginal farmers
on
the marginal land enables the good farmers on the good
land to expand their production. So there may be,
in
the
long run, no ... stimulates them
to
increase their pro-
duction. It leads others to stop making some of the products
they previously made, and turn to making the product that
offers th...
... to them, and force them
to take something worse. The strikers
are
therefore insist-
ing on
a
position
of
privilege, and are using force to main-
tain this privileged position against other ... are looking for permanent jobs and willing
to accept them at the old rate, then they are workers
who would be shoved into worse jobs than these in order
to enable the strik...
... of employers and investors.
The investors once had liquid funds. But they have put
them, say, into the railroad business. They have turned
them into rails and roadbeds, freight cars and locomotives.
Once ... there is an inevitable corollary of this. If the money
that they have invested in railroads now yields less than
money they can invest in other lines, the investors will...
... that the government prints
money to pay war contractors. Then the first effect of
these expenditures will be to raise the prices of supplies
used in war and to put additional money into the hands ... by printing money. They sense that there must be
a catch somewhere; so they would limit in some way the
amount of additional money they would have the govern-
i88 ECONO...
... thousands
of
bartenders
out
of
business.
A
decline
in
gambling would force crou-
piers and racing touts to seek more productive occupations.
214 ECONOMICS IN ONE LESSON
another way of saying ... the workers who use the new machines it increases their
real wages in a double way by increasing their money wages
as well. A typical illustration is the automobile bu...