a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 6 pdf
a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 6 pdf
... from a company that madeoscilloscopes.By 1970 the first of a line of dramatically cheaper and smallercalculators appeared that used integrated circuits.28They were aboutthe size of a paperback ... was writing BASIC for the Altair, Gates was at Harvard. Hedid not have access to an 8080-based system, but he did have access to a PDP-10 at Harvard’s computing center (named after Howard Aiken).He ... projects hadthe impact of the Altair’s announcement. Why? One reason was that itwas designed and promoted as a capable minicomputer, as powerful asthose offered by DEC or Data General. The magazine...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 2 pdf
... carried Computing Comes of Age, 19 56 1 964 71quality of ‘‘random access’’: that any piece of data was as accessible asany other, in contrast to the sequential retrieval of a datum from a deck of ... penetration of computing two decades later, inthe form of automatic teller machines, bar-coded products scanned atsupermarket and retail check-out stations, and massive financial andpersonal databases ... editorial hand of Santo (Sandi) Lanzarotta, and especiallyRobert Forest after 1 963 , Datamation developed a perfect balance:relentless criticism of IBM for its alleged heavy hand, tempered by a passion...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 1 docx
... information-handlingmachines, played. Information or ‘‘intelligence’’ has been a crucialpart of all warfare, but as a means to an end. In the Cold War itbecame an end in itself. This was a war of code-breaking, ... stated it in a form that gave it great force. Von Neumann’sinternational reputation as a mathematician also gave the idea moreclout than it might have had coming solely from Eckert and Mauchly,neither ... for each reading of a card andsetting of the plugboard.15The 60 4 and its successor, the IBM 60 5,became the mainstays of scientific computing at many installations untilreliable commercial computers...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 3 doc
... the Navy ordered Grace Murray Hopper to theComputation Lab to assist Howard Aiken with programming it.Hopper had been a professor of mathematics at Vassar College andhad taken leave to attend ... in chapter 7.Sorting DataRegardless of what level of programming language they used, allcommercial and many scientific installations had to contend with anactivity that was intimately related ... same program (with a few minor changes)ran on a UNIVAC II and an RCA 501. Whether COBOL was welldesigned and capable is still a matter of debate, however.Part of COBOL’s ancestry can be traced...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 4 ppsx
... had announced an upgrade tothe 360 line, it was offering compatible computers with a 200 : 1 range. 16 What changed Brooks’s and Amdahl’s mind was the rediscovery of a concept almost as old as ... with far better performance for the same cost.49The commit-tee had to argue that the advantages of having a path for upwardmigration for 360 -customers would overwhelm any advantages of a competitor’s ... the Model 67 with address translation hard-ware in August 1 965 . Historians have accepted the view that the Model 67 was a failure for IBM, perhaps because IBM’s announcement of it waslater introduced...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 5 potx
... andeconomical way of using a computer. A key factor was the development of disk storage that offered rapidand direct access to large amounts of data. IBM had pioneered the use of disk storage with RAMAC ... played a crucial role by providing a market. The ‘‘advanced’’ Minuteman was a brand-new missile wrapped around an existing airframe. Autonetics, thedivision of North American Aviation that had ... Wesley Graham, it was teaching computing to more undergraduates than almost any other school inCanada. In 1 967 it apparently also owned the most powerful computerin all of Canada (a System/ 360 Model...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 7 potx
... formal andserious than those on Usenet, although they also had a wide range. Afterabout a decade and a half of parallel operations, all three of thesestreams blended into a community of news, ... A few programs were announced at thesame time: a ‘‘paint’’ (drawing) program, based on work done at Xerox-PARC on a Data General Nova, and a word processor that came close toWYSIWYG. A year ... the trade journals, whichpromised digital Utopia for anyone smart enough to buy the latestpiece of software, and smart enough to bypass the bureaucracy of corporate purchasing and evaluation....
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 8 pps
... help of others at NCSA, Mosaic was rewritten to run onWindows-based machines and Macintoshes as well as workstations. As a product of a government-funded laboratory, Mosaic was made availablefree ... body of software comparable to, oreven better than, what it took large teams of people to create in thecommercial or academic world.As important as that programming was, just as important was ... widespreadadoption established a de facto standard for the C programminglanguage—that is, a standard C was defined as a language that theGNU C Compiler understood. And it was free. Ver y free.Stallman’s...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 9 pps
... only a chip supplier.29. National Museum of American History, calculator collections. A Bowmar waseven mentioned in the hit Broadway play ‘‘Same Time Next Year,’’ which wasabout an accountant’s ... American history, and at least a fewchampions of the Internet are aware of how naive these earlier visionswere.7Silicon Valley has some of the most congested real highways in thecountry, as ... Mathematical Associa-tion of America, 1982): 1–51. 65 . Ibid., 35. 66 . Donald E. Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming, vol. 1: FundamentalAlgorithms (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1 968 ). Knuth...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 10 potx
... 148, 1 56, 249–250American Management Systems(AMS), 168 American Totalisator Company, 26 Anderson, Harlan, 127Andreessen, Marc, 303APL (A Programming Language), 233,235, 248Apollo Guidance ... 30Atomic Energy of Canada, 128–129AUTOCODE programming language,113Automatic Data Processing (ADP), 168 Automatic payrolls, 168 Automatic programming. SeeCompilersAutomatic teller machine ... 259Lancaster, Don, 2 26 231Lanier, word processing company,255–2 56 Laning, J. H., 86 Lanzarotta, Santo, 68 Lautenberg, Frank, 168 Lawrence Livermore [California]National Laboratory, 31, 128, 161 Lear-Siegler...
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