a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 1 docx
a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 1 docx
... Computing, 19 45 19 56 13 2 Computing Comes of Age, 19 56 19 64 473The Early History of Software, 19 52 19 68 794From Mainframe to Minicomputer, 19 59 19 69 10 95The ‘‘Go-Go’’ Years and the System/360, 19 61 19 75 ... information-handlingmachines, played. Information or ‘‘intelligence’’ has been a crucialpart of all warfare, but as a means to an end. In the Cold War itbecame an end in itself. This was a war of code-breaking, ... programmers, and soft-ware specialists that had to be hired into the company to manage a machine that was supposed to eliminate clerical workers. It was not until 19 90 that commercial software came to...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 2 pdf
... carried Computing Comes of Age, 19 56 19 64 71 quality of ‘‘random access’’: that any piece of data was as accessible asany other, in contrast to the sequential retrieval of a datum from a deck of ... two decades later, inthe form of automatic teller machines, bar-coded products scanned atsupermarket and retail check-out stations, and massive financial andpersonal databases maintained by ... editorial hand of Santo (Sandi) Lanzarotta, and especiallyRobert Forest after 19 63, Datamation developed a perfect balance:relentless criticism of IBM for its alleged heavy hand, tempered by a passion...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 3 doc
... same program (with a few minor changes)ran on a UNIVAC II and an RCA 5 01. Whether COBOL was welldesigned and capable is still a matter of debate, however.Part of COBOL’s ancestry can be traced ... the Navy ordered Grace Murray Hopper to theComputation Lab to assist Howard Aiken with programming it.Hopper had been a professor of mathematics at Vassar College andhad taken leave to attend ... that the attempt to establish software engineering on thewhole had failed.73The Early History of Software, 19 52 19 68 10 5the center became part of the newly founded National Aeronautics andSpace...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 4 ppsx
... controlled, managed, and channeled the chaos of technical innovation into market dominance. Central to smooth opera-tions at IBM was a character from a best-seller from that era, TheOrganization Man, ... series gave theequivalent of ten decimal digits. That was adequate for most applica-tions, but many assumed that customers would not want a machine thatcould not handle at least that many.Minicomputers ... designedfor a subcompact. What the SPREAD Committee was proposing was a range of 25 : 1 in computing more like comparing a subcompact to an 18 -wheeler. By 19 70, however, after IBM had announced an upgrade...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 5 potx
... a single printed circuit board about 15 inches square.This board was larger than what was standard at the time and made for a very compact package.In mid -19 71 the company introduced an advanced ... later). Forlarge and small systems, time-sharing became an acceptable andeconomical way of using a computer. A key factor was the development of disk storage that offered rapidand direct access ... CIP/2200 19 70Computer Automation LSI ‘‘Naked Mini’’ series 19 72Computer Terminal Corporation Datapoint 2200Data General Nova 19 69Supernova 19 71 Digital Computer Controls DCC -11 6, 11 2 19 72Digital...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 6 pdf
... for Virtual Address eXtension [of the] PDP -11 . The implication was that the VAX was simply a PDP -11 with a 32-bit instead of a 16 -bit address space. In fact, the VAX was really a new machine. ... from a company that madeoscilloscopes.By 19 70 the first of a line of dramatically cheaper and smallercalculators appeared that used integrated circuits.28They were aboutthe size of a paperback ... work. 91 When he was writing BASIC for the Altair, Gates was at Harvard. Hedid not have access to an 8080-based system, but he did have access to a PDP -10 at Harvard’s computing center (named after...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 7 potx
... formal andserious than those on Usenet, although they also had a wide range. Afterabout a decade and a half of parallel operations, all three of thesestreams blended into a community of news, ... theInternet out of its ARPA roots in the 19 90s.Bell Laboratories, where UNIX was created, was a part of AT&T, a regulated monopoly. Before it breakup in 19 81, AT&T had agreed not toengage in ... topurchase a second disk drive. A few programs were announced at thesame time: a ‘‘paint’’ (drawing) program, based on work done at Xerox-PARC on a Data General Nova, and a word processor that came...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 8 pps
... was a suit filed in 19 87 by Lotus against a company called Paperback Software, establishedby Adam Osborne of portable computer fame. Paperback was selling a spreadsheet that functioned identically ... time-shared VAX.Torvalds was already familiar with UNIX from reading a book onoperating systems by Andrew Tanenbaum, of Vrije University in Amster-dam. Tanenbaum had also developed a teaching ... make available the parts of Windows code that interacted withapplications programs: the so-called Applications Program Interface, orAPI. Thus, for example, developers of a database program were...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 9 pps
... Design an Automatic CalculatingMachine,’’ Manchester Inaugural Conference, Manchester, England (July 19 51) : 16 18 . Reprinted in Annals of the History of Computing 8 (April 19 86): 11 8 12 1. 18 . This ... Company,’’ Annals of the History of Computing, 16 : 2 (19 94): 65– 71; also Walter F. Bauer, interview withArthur Norberg, 16 May 19 83, Charles Babbage Institute Archives.72. ‘‘Automatic Data Processing, ... Manuel DeLanda, War in the Age of Intelligent Machines (Cambridge: MITPress, 19 91) ; also Chris Hables Gray, ‘‘Computers as Weapons and Metaphors:The U.S. Military 19 40 19 90 and Postmodern War,’’...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 10 potx
... SeeFerranti, AtlasAtlas missile, 67Atomic Energy Commission, 30Atomic Energy of Canada, 12 8 12 9AUTOCODE programming language, 11 3Automatic Data Processing (ADP), 16 8Automatic payrolls, 16 8Automatic ... 12 5Parallel, 21, 24, 19 6 19 7Armstrong, Lancelot, 44Army, U.S., 56Ballistic Research Laboratory,Aberdeen, Maryland, 18 19 Signal Corps, 18 0, 224ARPA (Advanced Research ProjectsAgency), 11 7, 14 0, 19 4, ... Corporation, 16 4Amdahl, Gene, 14 8, 15 6, 249–250American Management Systems(AMS), 16 8American Totalisator Company, 26Anderson, Harlan, 12 7Andreessen, Marc, 303APL (A Programming Language), 233,235,...
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