... Cheng-Mayer C: Activation of thePAK-related kinase by human immunodeficiency virus type1 Nef in primary human peripheral blood lymphocytes andmacrophages leads to phosphorylation of a PIX-p95 ... Miller MD, Aiken C: Nef does not affect the efficiency of human immunodeficiencyvirus type 1 fusion with target cells. J Virol 2003,77:10645-10650.58. Cavrois M, Neidleman J, Yonemoto W, Fenard ... [14,17-19].When thymocytes are infected, Nef plays a role in increas-ing the cytopathic nature of the virus [20-24]. The impor-tance of Nef is further corroborated by observations of immune dysfunction...