... renal dysfunction, Injury to the kidney, Failure of kidney function, Loss of kidney function, and End-stage kidney disease; RIFLE F, RIFLE Failure; RIFLE I, RIFLE Injury; RIFLE R, RIFLE Risk. Table ... identifying patientswho develop acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery, but ratherrepresents a nonspecific marker of cardiopulmonary bypass-associated systemic inflammation.Introduction Acute ... 24 hourspostoperatively. We assessed urinary IL-18 concentration andurinary IL-18/urinary creatinine ratio in relation to thepostoperative development of acute kidney injury defined as anincrease...