... signs.ValidityAs with the cervical spine, the validity of myofascial signsin the lumbar spine is unknown due to the absence of aGold Standard for the identification of myofascial pain. 3. What ... purposes)Chiropractic & OsteopathyOpen Access Review A diagnosis-based clinical decision rule for spinal pain part 2: review of the literatureDonald R Murphy*1,2,3, Eric L Hurwitz4 and ... goodreliability and validity [126] for the identification of pain- ful SI joints. Using the PPPP test as the Gold Standard,they found the ASLR test to have a SE of 0.87 and a SP of 0.94. In another study,...